英语国家概况简答题

简答题1. What were the names of the two great walls built by the Romans?They were the Hadrians Wall and the Antonine Wall.2. Who were the Lollards?They were poor priests and interant preachers who were John Wyclifs a followers in the 14th century.3. Why was King George nicknamed “Farmer George”?George was so enthusiastic about farming changes at Windsor tha he got the nickname “Famer George”4. What does the term “parliament”originally mean?It originally meat a meeting for parley or discussion.5. Which sport is the most tyically English?Cricket is the most rypical English sport.6. Why is the Shannon River important to Ireland?Because it provides electricity for much of the Republic.7. Which are the five biggest cities in the U.S. in terms of population?They are New York,Los Angeles,Chicago,San Franciso and Philadelphia.8. What are the two special powers of the Senate?The senate also has certain powers especially kept to tha body,including the authority to confirm presidential appointments of high officials of the federal government as well as ratify all treaties by a two-thirds vote .In the case of accusation of federal officials of wrongdoings the House has the sole right to bring charges of improper behaviour which can lead to a trial.The senate has the sole power to try such cases,and to find officials guilty or not guilty.9. Why has Austrialia always been a continent with few people?Because most of the continent is hot an dry.10. What do you think is the most noticeable feature of Nesw Zealand geography?It is its moutains widely spread all over the country where active volcanoes scatter.11. In what respects,the two world wars greatly weakened Britain?The British colonies became independent one after another.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British commonwealth or the commmonwealth of Nations in 1931.12. Whats Elizabeths religious reform?Elizabeths religious reform was a compromise of views.13. What were the two events that most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closing decades of the 18th century?They were the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.14. How many provinces does the Church of England have?The Church of England has two provinces:Cantebury and York.15. What were the two guiding principles of the Amercian diplomacy during the Second World War？There were two guiding principles behind all Americas diplomatic activities:the first was to win the war;the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with Amercian interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from overexpansion.16. What is the general view of education in Amercia?The general view of education in Amercia is that every Amercian has the right and obligation to become educated.17. Name two of Theodore Dreisers novels.Sister Carrie,Trilogy of Desire and American Tragedy.18. What kind of history do people often say that the history of Canada?People often say that the history of Canada is a hostory of immigration.19. Why is the southern area of the Northern Territory called the Red Center of Australia?Because it consists of miles and miles of red-sand and desert and moutain ranges.20. What is the Renaissance?Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history.21. When did the Queen Voctoria become Empress of India?In 1877 Queen Victoria became Empress of India.22. When is the Sovereigns birthday officially celebrated?It is officially celebrated in June every year.23. Why is the Open Uinversity so named?It is so named because it is “open”to all to become students.24. Explain why Ireland has been geographically compared to a basin?In Ireland,a limestone plateau is rimmed by coastal highlands.25. When did the “Baby Boom”occur?It occurred between 1946 and 1961.26. What is meant by “Vietnamization”of the war?It meant tha South Vietnamese troops would be war built up to replace American fighting force.27. What were the two serious weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?There was no national executive or law-enforcing branchNeither was there a national court System.28. What is “urban sprawl”?It refers to a city that has grown over large area of land.29. What caused the land disputes between the Maories and the settlers in New Zealand?The land disputes were mainly caused by the repid acquisition of Mari land by the government and pressure by settlers fof direct purchase.30. Why did William give his barons large estates in England?Williamgave large estates to his barons because he wanted to get a promise of military service and a proportion of the lands produce.31. What was the Queen Mary known as?She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and aslo remembered as the monarch who lost the last British possesion on the lontinent,that the French port of Calas during a renewed war with France.32. Which war was relatively smooth,with no bloodshed ,nor any execution of the king in Britain?It is the Glorious Revolution.33. What is American labour force like ?The American labour force in not only hard working ,but also willing to experiment,to change and to learn new technologies.34. What is the hihgest duty of the President in the United States?The highest duty of the President is the execution or carrying out of the law.35. Who was the first to explore fully the possibilities of free verse?Walt Whitman was the first to exploer fully the possibilities of free verse.36. When is “Trick or treat”played and what does it mean?It is in Halloween.It means”give something nice ,or I will play a trick on you.”37. How do children in remote areas of Austrilia receive their education?The receive their education at home through a radio educational system called School of the Air.38. Why is Austrilias New South Wales called the premier state?It is because it was the first colony established by Britain in 1788.39. What is the most potential serious natural disaster in New Zealand?In New Zealand,earthquakes and volcanoes are the most serious potential natural disasters.40. Who began to invade England from the end of the 8th century.From the end of the 8th century,the Norwegian Vikings and the Danes from Denmark began to invade England.41. What ws Domesday Book?The book was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085,and stated the extent,values,the population,state of cultivation and ownership of the land.42. In Britain, what does BBC stand for?British Broadcasting Corporation.43. What is largely responsible for the lack of extreme summer heat and winte cold in Ireland?The North Atlantic Current is responsiblef for the lack of extreme summer heat and winte cold in Ireland.44. Which state is the largest in the Uinted States?Alaska is the largest one.45. Who drafted “The Declaration of Independence”in the U.S.?He was Thomas Jefferson.46. What mechanism did the writers of the Constitution introduce to provide safeguards of the new government misusing its power?They introduced the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances.47. What was the consequence of the Seven YearsWar between the British and the French?After the Seven Years War from 1756-1763,the Frence were forced to give up every inch of land in North America and the whole of Canada came under the British rules.48. What does the outback refer to in Australia?The outback usually refers to the interior and the centre of the Western Plateau and its northern plains.49. What animal is regarded as a national symbol of New Zealand?The kiwi.50. What the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England?All landowners,big and small, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held,not only to their immediate lord,but also to the king.51. What is the main function of the House of Lords in Britain?The main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of lawmaking.52. What is a “copyright”library in Britain?It is a library which is entitled to receive a free copy of erery book published in the United Kingdom;libraries of other universities and learned institutions;and the Public libraries.53. Who was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control?Henry was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control54. What is tariff protection?Tariff Protection means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.55. What role has the Constitution played?The Constitution has been the basis for the evolution of governmental institutions and has provided the basis for political stability,economic growth and social progress in the United States.56. What is the guiding principle of community college?The principle is higher education for ereryone and the philosophy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual differerces.57. What is considered to be the first real American writing?Franklins uncompleted Autobiography is the first real American writing.58. What is the built environment?The built environment refers to those parts of the environment built by people or changed by people.59. Where is the highest peak in New Zealand?The highest peak,Mt Cook,is in the center of the moutain range,which is called the Southern Alps.60. How did the Celts invade Britain?The Celts invaded Britain in three waves;the Gaels,the Brythons and the Belgae.61. Why do we