2010年全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案

2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英 语 试 卷 答 题 须 知1. 请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，在标准答题卡上，将准考证号相应的位置涂好。2. 试卷一（paper one）和试卷二（paper two）答案都做在标准答题卡上，书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域，不要做在试卷上。3. 试卷一答题答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。4. 标准答题卡不可折叠，同时必须保持平整干净，以利评分。5. 听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 Paper OnePart I Listening comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversions between two speakers. At the end of each conversion, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example. You will hear: Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You havent had a bite all day. Question: Whats the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer. Sample AnswerC A B DNow lets begin with question Number 1.1. A. Shes looking for a gift.B. She needs a new purse.C. Shes going to give a birthday party.D. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2. A. She hears noises in her ears day and night.B. She has been overworking for a long time.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble day and night.3. A. Hell go to see Mr. White at 10:30 tomorrow.B. Hed like to make an earlier appointment.C. Hed like to cancel the appointment.D. Hed like to see another dentist.4. A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C. 8:40 D. 8:455. A. In a hotel. B. At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket. D. In the department store.6. A. To resign right away.B. To work one more day as chairman.C. To think twice before he make the decision.D. To receive further training upon his resignation.7. A. She didnt do anything in particular. B. She send a wounded person to the ER.C. She had to work in the ER.D. She went skiing.8. A. A customs officer. B. The mans mother.C. A school headmaster. D. An immigration officer.9. A. It feels as if the room is going around.B. It feels like a kind of unsteadiness.C. It feels as if she is falling down.D. It feels as if she is going around.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B. John himself should be blamed.C. John has a dog that barks a lot.D. John is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult.B. The chemistry homework is fun.C. The math homework is difficult.D. The math homework is fun.12. A. His backache. B. His broken leg.C. His skin problem. D. His eye condition. 13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox and measles.B. Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C. Whooping cough, smallpox and German measles.D. Whooping cough, chickenpox and German measles.14. A. Saturday morning. B. Saturday night.C. Saturday afternoon. D. Next weekend.15. A. Hes lost his notebook.B. His handwriting is messy.C. Hell miss class latter this week.D. He cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversion and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B. He has just undergone an operation.C. He has just recovered from an illness.D. He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B. He had his gallbladder inflamed.C. He was suffering from influenza.D. He had developed a big kidney tone.18. A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful.C. Couldnt be better. D. Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B. To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C. To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D. To move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B. From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm. D. From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleep deprivation.B. The link between weight gain and sleep deprivation.C. The link between weight loss and physical exercise.D. The link between weight gain and physical exercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B. More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080. D. More than 60,008.23. A. Sever-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 5-hour ones.B. Five-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 7-hour ones.C. Short-sleepers were 15% more likely to become obese.D. Short-sleepers consumed fewer calories than long sleepers.24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B. Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C. Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.D. Higher metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.25. A. Exercise every day. B. Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet. D. Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B. She asks too many questions.C. She is always considerate of my feelings.D. She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.27. A. A university instructor. B. A teaching assistant.C. A phD student. D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no.B. They usually say yes.C. They usually wait and see.D. They usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident.B. Their brains grow too fast.C. They are psychologically dependent.D. Their brains are still immature in some areas.30. A. Be easy on your teen.B. Try to be mean to your teen.C. Say no to your teen when necessary.D. Dont care about your teens feelings.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statements are incomplete, beneath each of which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can best complete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by the police. A. harassed B. distracted C. sentenced D. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigated B. irradiated C. streetlight D. torchlight33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the . A. twilight B. spotlight C. streetlight D. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we dont have definite proof. A. suspend B. supervene C. supervise D. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily . A. alleviated B. abolished C. demolished D. diminished36. The television station is supported by from foundations and other sources. A. donations B. pensions C. advertisements D. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protect the property rights of the patent. A. integrative B. intellectual C. intelligent D.intelligible38. Officials are supposed to themselves to the welfare and health of the general public. A. adapt B. confine C. commit D. assess39. You should stop your condition and do something about it. A. drawing on B. touching on C. leaning on D. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen into human nature. A. perspective B. dimension C. insight D. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrase. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41. The chemical was found to be detrimental to human health.A. toxic B. immune C. sensitive D. allergic42. It will be a devastating blow for the patient, if the clinic closes.A. permanent B. desperate C. destructive D. sudden43. He kept telling us about his operation in the most graphic detail.A. verifiable B. explicit C. precise D. ambiguous44. The difficult case tested the ingenuity of even the most skillful physician.A. credibility B. commitment C. honesty D. talent45. He left immediately on the pretext that he had to catch a train.A. claim B. clue C. excuse D. talent46. The nurse was filled with remorse of not believing her .A. anguish B. regret C. apology D. grief47. The doctor tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.A. delicate B. communicative C. skillful D. considerate 48. Whether a person likes a routine office job or not depends largely on temperament.A. disposition B. qualification C. temptation D. endorsement49. The doctor ruled out Fridays surgery for the patients unexpected complications.A. confirmed B. facilitated C. postponed D. cancelled 50. It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.A. cautious B. motionless C. calm D. alertPart III Cloze(10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choice marked A, B, C and D listed on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia. These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at 15% less than their normal weight. The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or the disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only 61 pounds. A person with anorexia first develops joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in the blood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young womans breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, something causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may become dependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean. Anorexia is a serious eating 60 .If it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A. specifically B. purposely C. particularly D. passionately52. A. from B. of C. at D. in53. A. kill B. starve C. abuse D. worsen54. A. When B. While C. As D. Since55. A. lost B. derived C. generated D. synthesized56. A. what B. why C. how D. which57. A. good B. high C. lower D. poor58. A. represent B. make C. present D. exert59. A. medication B. illusion C. motion D. action60. A. habit B. behavior C. disorder D. patternPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Direction: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One Children should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobile phone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and to start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emit. The Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we dont fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children. There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have some sort of biological effect on the brain. John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation and Research Agencys site at Porton Down, agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. “If you have a developing nervous system, its known to be more susceptible to environmental insults,” he says,“So if phones did prove to be hazardouswhich they havent yet it would be sensible.” In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain, “What weve found is an effect, but we dont know if its hazardous,” he says. Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that childrens exposure would be greater. “Theres a lot less tissue in the way, and the skill is thinner, so childrens heads are considerably closer,” he says. Stewarts report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. “The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary,” says Michael Clark of the National Radiological Protection Board. “But we accept that its difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body.”61. Just because it has not been confirmed yet whether mobile phone emissions can harm human tissue, according to the government report, does not mean that . A. the government should prohibit children from using cell-phones B. we should put down the phone for the sake of safety C. the industry can have a right to promote phone use D. children are safe using cell-phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrain mobile phone use by children in terms of . A. their neural development B. their ill-designed cell-phones C. the frequency of their irrational use D. their ignorance of its possible health effects63. On the issue in question, Preece . A. does not agree with Tattersall B. tries to remove the obstacles in the way C. asks for further investigation D. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that the UK . A. is going to turn deaf ears to the voice of Stesarts plan B. finds it difficult to cut the current safety standards on phone use C. maintains different standards on safety limit from the international ones D. does not even impose safety limit on the mobile phones energy emissions65 Which of the following can bi the best candidate for the title of the passage?A . Brain Wave B. For Adults Only C. Catch Them Young D. The Answer in the Air Passage Two Advances in cosmetic dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and more openly today than ever in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future. Evidence of the smiles ascent may be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs(要人),voluptuous nudes, or middle-class family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy. Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator(馆长)of Yale Universitys Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compar