高考语法复习之非谓语动词做状语及与状语从句的相互转化与语法填空的应用

www. 非谓语动词作状语高考对非谓语动词作状语的考查多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行主要包括以下几个方面的内容： 1不定式作状语； 2-ing分词作状语； 3-ed分词作状语。一、不定式结构作状语不定式结构作状语通常有以下几种情况：1、目的状语（分词一般不能作目的状语）He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly .To catch the train ,she hurried through her work 注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。 To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time. 2、原因状语 不定式结构作原因状语常用在作表语用的形容词后。 Im sorry to hear that .Were proud to be young people of China . We are glad to hear the news3、结果状语 不定式结构作结果状语，有时表示未曾预料到的、或令人不快的结果。（常和only连用）。 He ran all the way to the station ,only to find the train had left . 而现在分词作结果状语常常是可以预料的结果，是伴随谓语动词而产生的自然结果 The police opened fire ,killing the robber . He died ,leaving his wife with five children .4. 有时，不定式还可修饰一个句子，表明说话人的态度。 to tell you the truth, to be honest, to be frank, to be fair, to make things/matters worse等。 To tell you the truth, I dont like the film. 高考真题检测：1、_ late in the after noon ,Bob turned off the alarm . A .To sleep B .sleeping C .sleep D .Having slept 2、You were silly not _your car . A .to lock B .to have locked C .locking D .having locked 3、The news reporters hurried to the airport ,only _ the film stars had left . A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told 4. Good-bye, Mr Jones. Im pleased _. A. for meeting youB. to meet youC. to have been meeting you D. to have met you5 Tom is waiting _ the doctor. A. to seeB. for to seeC. for seeingD. for see6. I went to see him _ him out. A. findingB. findC. only to findD. only found7. _, I dont like her sister. A. Telling the truthB. Been told the truthC. To tell the truthD. To tell the true二、分词结构作状语 形式意义 doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生。having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，时间不确定 being done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。 having been done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生。判断步骤A：首先看主语，确定该动词与主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。B：然后看谓语动词，确定该动词与谓语动词之间动作发生的先后关系。 Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. （主动/同时进行）Not having received an answer ,he decided to write another letter .(主动/完成)Havingfoundaseat,sheleftherbooksonit.(主动/完成) Having been beaten by a snake, she was frightented at it.（被动、完成） Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.（被动、完成） Seen from the hill ,the city looks beautiful. (被动)Given more time, we could have done it much better. (被动)（一）分词作状语，主句部分。一般表示时间，条件，让步，原因，其形式doing ，done，having done，having been done ，being done1）时间状语1.Hearing the news,they got excited.When they heard the news, they got excited.2.Having finished my homework, I returned home. After I finished my homework,I returned home.3.Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful. When it is seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.2）原因状语1.Having been beaten by a snake, she was frightented at it. Because she had been beaten by a snake, she was frightented at it2. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.3.Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch Because he was reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch4. Not knowing his address, I cant write to him. Because he doesnt know his address, I cant write to him.5.Being so poor in those days, they couldnt send the boy to school. Because they were so poor in those days, they couldnt send the boy to school.6. Being League members, we are ready to help others. As we are League members, we are ready to help others. 7.Born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. As he was born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. 3）条件状语1.Given a chance, I can surprise the world.If I am given a chance, I can surprise the world.2.Working hard, you will surely succeed. If you work hard, you will surely succeed.3.Reading carefully，youll learn something newAs long as you read carefully，youll learn something new4）让步状语1.Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.2. Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasnttriedherbest. Although I admit whatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasnttriedherbest. 3. Admitted into the university , he was still upset. Although he was Admitted into the university , he was still upset.二、主句部分，分词作状语。在这一句型中，分词作状语可表示结果，方式，伴随，可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。这一句型的分词作状语通常有两种种形式：doing, done1）结果状语1.Itrainedheavily,thus causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.Itrainedheavily,and thus causedseverefloodinginthatcountry.2.He fired, killing one of the passers-by. He fired, and killed one of the passers-by.3.He died, leaving his wife with five children. He died, and left his wife with five children. 2）伴随状语1.The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. The teacher came into the lab, and was followed by some students.2.I stood there, listening to the broadcast.I stood there and listened to the broadcast.3）方式状语1.Traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities. I travelled by jeep, and visited a number of cities.2.He earns a living driving a truck. He earns a living by driving a truck.高考实例1. Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing2. My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. broughtB. bringingC. to bringD. had brought3.We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things. A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. Thought4.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reachedB. reaching C. to reachD. to be reaching5. _ for several weeks, the city was short of food and clothing. A. As having flooded B. As floodingC. Having been floodedD. to flood6. _ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very beautiful. A. SeeB. SawC. SeeingD. Seen7. We walked as fast as we could, _ to catch the 9:30 train. A. hopingB. to hopeC. we hopedD. being hoped8. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.（Steal）9. _ the front door painted, he had to enter the room through the back door.（See）10. The sun was shining brightly, _ everything there _ more beautiful.（make; look）_(surprise)at the way the question was put forward,the students didnt know the answer to it. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose) _ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) _ of the boring speech,the old man started to read a novel.(tire)A:此类形容词有excited / exciting；surprised /surprising; amazed / amazing embarrassed /embarrassing encouraged / encouraging ; frustrated / frustrating ; interested / interesting; thrilled / thrilling terrified / terrifying; pleased / pleasing, = pleasant; satisfied/ satisfying; frightened / frightening tired / tiring; bored / boring ; relaxed / relaxing; fascinated / fascinating; annoyed / annoying moved / moving; worried /worrying; confused / confusing ; inspired / inspiringB：形容词短语 be lost in； be dressed in； be interested in；be devoted to；be caught in , be seated in； be prepared for；be determined to , be faced with ,be based on,be tired of，be located in ,1.她坐在窗边，陷入了沉思。2. 由于对医学非常感兴趣，他想成为一名医生。3. 广州在中国的南方，总面积7000多平方公里。4. 面对困难他从未放弃过。有一些分词或分词短语可用来表示说话人的态度或看问题的角度，这些分词或短语已转变为独立成份judging from /by根据-来判断，frankly speaking 老实地说，坦率地说 generally speaking 一般地说 strictly speaking 严格地说 properly speaking 确切地说来 taking- into consideration 考虑到Supposing假如，taken as a whole 总地来说，given考虑到，compared with与-相比Judging from his appearance，he looks like an old doctor Strictly speaking，her pronunciation is not quite good Taken as a whole，there is nothing wrong with the article Supposing she doesnt come, what shall we do?Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job.Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly. Taking everything into consideration, you should leave.1. _ hes only been learning English for a year, he speaks it very well. ( Consider)2. _ the past, our life is much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare withD. Compared with综合练习1. _and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped to admire the beautiful scenery.(tire)2.Each of them got up early _ to catch the early bus.(hope)3.How pleased the Emperor was _ what the cheats said!(hear)4.They arrived at their university very late, _ the gate closely shut.(find)5.After _ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.(interview)6.Peter received a letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. 7. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. 8. _(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. 9. _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realiz