常见句型翻译

外语下载中心 常见句型翻译定语从句的译法I、译成前置定语1. To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them.诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。2. This is the solider who just returned from the front.这是刚从前线回来的战士。3. 成都, 一个你来了就不想离开的城市。 ChengduA city you will never want to say goodbye after arrival.4. In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems.可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。当然，有些起附加说明作用的非限制性定语从句，对先行词也有不同程度的修饰限制作用，有时也可以译为前置定语。5. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。6. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。II . 译成后置定语A、一些结构比较复杂，或者意思上有较强的独立性的限制性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列句。采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词，比如：有时可在此词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”或人称代词“他”、“他们”等等，来使译文明确。7. This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task.本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。8. Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms.物质是由分子组成的，而分子又是由原子组成的。9. But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem.听着，我遇见一个人，这个人说你是有权解决这个问题的。10. Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas. 日光来自太阳，太阳是一团炽热、发光的气体。B、 非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词加以说明，描述或解释，或对整个句子所陈述的事实或现象加以总结、补充说明，其前都有逗号分开。在汉译时一般译为后置并列分句。如：11.He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair.他把一切错误都归罪于我，我认为这很不公平。12. These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in American. 这些书是我在美国买的,它们在我的藏书中只占一小部分。13. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。14. They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief.他们对那些酬劳看来是很得意的，那些酬劳是他们历经千辛万苦，通过取得令人难以置信的胜利得来的。 merit:功勋, 功劳; 价值；长处, 优点; 值得; 应获得15. I told the story to John, who(=and he) told it to his brother.我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。这种采取后置的办法来处理非限制性定语从句，一般也使用指示代词来重复英语关系代词所代表的含义。III、溶合译法溶合法就是把原句子中的主语和定语从句溶合在一起译成一个独立句子的翻译方法。另外，由于限制性定语从句与主句的关系密切，所以，限制性定语从句似乎更适合采用溶合法。英语中突出的 “there be” 句型就是这样处理的。16. There are many people who want to select this major.许多人要选这个专业。17. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。18.You are the only person who could do it.只有你才能做这件事。19. He has a son of twenty who is now at the college.他有个二十岁的儿子现在正上大学。20. This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader.这是我第一次和领导发生严重纠葛。IV. 译成状语有些定语从句从形式上看是定语，但在意义上与主句有逻辑状语关系，对主句其原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等状语作用，翻译时应尽可能按照其语法功能，译成与汉语相对应的复句。21. The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称作电脑。（译成原因状从）22. She insisted on buying another pair of roller skates, which she had no use of.23. Rose took Chinese medicine which relieved her symptoms.罗斯服了中药，结果缓解了症状。（译成结果状从）24. There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong willpower.只要有坚强的意志，就没有什么坏习惯改不掉。（译成条件状从） 25. The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to shipwreck.这位女记者想写篇文章， 以便能够引起公众对那起沉船事件的注意。（译成目的状语从句）练习1)Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求。另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。2)This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。3.This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。4) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascinating and delightful aspects. 然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。5) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。状语从句的翻译I. 按照原文顺序译出状语从句1. If you do not mind, I will turn off the heating. 如果你不介意，我就把暖气关上了。2. As far as I know, there isnt such a word in English. 据我所知， 英语里并没有这个单词。3. Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are being built in large numbers.哪里有充足的水源，哪里就在兴建大批的水电站。4. Wherever you work, you must always serve the people whole-heartedly. 不论你在哪里工作，你一直都要全心全意地为人民服务。5. Though he was defeated in the election, he became famous for his fiery fairi speeches against slavery.虽然他竞选失败了，却以其反对蓄奴制度的激烈演说而出了名。II. 状语从句译在主句之前6. She is sure to come unless she has some urgent business.除非她有急事，她一定会来的。7. Please turn off the light when you leave the dormitory. 离开宿舍，请关上电灯。8. I will never give in, no matter what happens. 不管怎么样，我永远也不会屈服。9. You should not get off until the bus stops.车未停稳之前，你不要下车。10. It was better in case they were captured.III. 状语从句转译成其他类型的状语从句11. Skill and patience will succeed where force fails.在体力做不到的时候，技巧和耐心会帮助人成功。（地点状从译为时间状从）12. Though not in substance, yet in form, economic reforms are at first a nation-wide revolution.如果不就内容而就形式而言，经济改革首先就是一场全国性的革命。（让步状从译为条件状从）13. Why did you give up when you could make it?既然你能成功，干嘛要放弃呢？（时间状从译为让步状从） 14. If you can come, Ill be only too glad.你要能来，我就太高兴了。（条件状从译为原因状从）15. She sang resonantly 共鸣地, if slightly nasally.她唱歌声音洪亮，尽管鼻音略显重了些。（条件状从译为让步状从） IV. 状语从句译成非状语从句16. The boy shouted as he ran.那个男孩一边跑，一边喊。（译成并列句）17. If you melt two or more metals together, you can get a new metal.将两种以上的金属熔化在一起，就可以产生一种新金属。（译成复合句的主语）18. The monkey was feeling a bit scared when suddenly the crocodile dived under the water.猴子正感到有点儿害怕，鳄鱼突然向水下潜去。19. As he had lots of time, he decided to go to the embankment岸堤 first.时间还早，他决定先到河岸大道去一下。（内含因果关系的并列句）20. I was just going to explain, when the bell rang.我正要解释，铃声响了。（译成并列句）21. They asked her to stay where she was.他们让她呆在原处。(译成宾语）22. The greedy officials dared to accept any presents, whoever sent them.无论是谁送给他们的礼品,这些贪官都敢收下。（译为定语）状语从句翻译练习1.You may do as you please.你愿意怎么做都行。（译成谓语）2. When you have tanks of air on you, you can stay in deep water for a long time.如果你背着空气袋，你就能长时间地呆在深水中。（时间状从译成条件状从）Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。（地点状从译成 条件状从）4. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 我们走得很匆忙，结果门都忘锁了。5. Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life.生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。练习1.不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。He who doesnt want to be a general isnt a good soldier.2. Gui Lin is a place where there are gorgeous （华美的）mountains and rivers.桂林是个有山有水的地方。3. Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here.同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的主要原因。4. China and Japan reached agreement on the issue of agriculture which was a major barrier for their bilateral relation since 1996.中日两国最终就农业问题达成了协议，而农业问题自一九九六年起就是两国关系发展的主要障碍。5. Although he is a green-hand, he has enterprise and creativity which are decisive in winning success in the field.他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。6.He has great determination and courage which I need badly as a manager.他为人果敢，而我作为经理，缺得正是这一点。7. They worked out a new method by which efficiency has now been dramatically improved. 他们制订出一种新方案，采用之后工作效率大大提高。8. This was the period when Newton began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Gravity.就在这期间，牛顿开始一一项研究。经过这项研究，他创立了著名的重力理论。9. “The best way to play basketball well is to take it easy and enjoy it,”said an American basketball player.一位美国的篮球运动员曾说过：“要想打好篮球，最好的办法就是享受篮球。”10. He had great success in football which made him an idol in the eyes of every football player.他在足球领域取得的成就使他成为每一个足球运动员的偶像。练习1.Whenthelevelsreached6percentthecrewmemberswouldbecomementallyconfused,unabletotakemeasurestopreservetheirlives. 当含量达到6%时,飞船上的人员将会神经错乱,无法采取保护自己生命的措施。 2. Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxed,dishonestpeoplearegivenachancetoproducevirtuallyanythingin henameof“art”.3. 当审查放宽时,招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘,在“艺术”的幌子下炮制出形形色色的东西来。3.Whentablesandothermaterialsareincluded,theyshouldbeconvenientlyplaced,sothatastudentcanconsultthemwithoutturningovertoomanypages.当书中列有表格或其他参考资料时,应当将这些内容编排在适当的位置,以便使学生在查阅时,不必翻太多的书页。 4.Thishappenswhenafactisdiscoveredwhichseemstocontradictwhatthe“law”wouldleadonetoexpect.每当发现一个事实使人感到与该定律应得出的预期结论相矛盾的时候,就发生这种情况。 5.Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovides avalidorfaircomparison. 既然对智力的评估是比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。 6.Thepoliciesopentodevelopingcountriesaremorelimitedthanforindustrialized nations,becausethepropereconomiesrespondlesstochangingconditionsandadministrativecontrol.由于贫穷国家的经济对形势变化的适应能力差一些,政府对这种经济的控制作用也小一些,所以发展中国家所能采取的政策比起工业化国家来就更有局限性。名词性从句的翻译I. 主语从句的译法.“It+被动语态+that”句型这种句型通常要译成汉语里的主动句，并增译出“大家”“我们” “有人” “人们”等泛指性的主语。该译法的特点保留了原文句子结构的前后顺序，即：先主句，后从句。有时也可译为“据”的句型。如：It is reported that the Summit Meeting will be held in December.据报道，这个峰会将在月举行。2. It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人会提出，无线电广播同样能够做到这一点；但是在电视屏幕上，每个节目都显得更加生动，更加真实。3. It is well known that alloy li is a metal product containing two or more elements.众所周知（大家都知道），合金是一种含有两种或两种以上元素的金属产品。B. “It +谓语（表语）+that”句型.这样的主语从句句型可处理为: (1) 先把主句的谓语或表语部分译成独立语，然后顺译出从句；(2) 颠倒原文句子结构，先译出从句，再译出主句。如：4. It is strange that she have failed to see his advantages.真奇怪，她竟然没有看出他的优点。5. It goes without saying that plants cannot grow without sunshine.毋庸置疑，没有阳光，植物就不能生长。6. It is quite obvious that the girl still loves you deeply.很明显，这个女孩依然深爱着你。7. It is quite possible that someday John will come to see you again.总有一天约翰会来找你的，这是很有可能的哦!8. It is frequently the case that his car breaks down on the highway.他的车在路上抛锚，这是常有的事儿。9. It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种（大家共有的）常识。 10.It follows that the Chinese comrades consider Koreas cause as their own.由此得出，中国同志把朝鲜的事情看成自己的事情。比较上述各句，联系英汉民族思维差异：英语民族重直线思维，要点先给出，其他信息再一一增补；汉语民族重曲线思维，先侧面，外围，后点处信息的重点。因而，英语（前重心）是头短尾长，汉语是（后重心），头大尾小。C. 有what, whatever, whoever, when, whether等引导出的主语从句通常可按正常语序译出。11. What is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.难得的是一辈子做好事而不做坏事。12. What the students find most difficult in English is its idiomatic usage.学生感到， 英语最困难的地方是它的习惯用法。13. Whatever was said here must be kept secret.这里说的每句话都应当保密。14. Who will monitor the class is not decided yet.谁当班长还没决定。15. When her parents will come hasnt been under consideration.她的父母什么时后到来还没有（纳入）考虑。练习1. Why metals can conduct electricity is an interesting problem. 金属为什么能导电是一个有趣的问题。 2. That energy can be neither created nor destroyed is a very important law in physical science. 能量既不能创造也不能消灭是物理学的一条很重要的定律。 3. Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes消耗精力; 使劳累the brains of a biologist. 一种生物是植物还是动物，有时使生物学家很伤脑筋。 4. It is no longer a question whether man can fly to the moon. 人能否飞上月球，现在已不再是什么问题了。 5. It is certain that we shall produce this kind of engine. 毫无疑问，我们将生产这种发动机。 II.宾语从句的译法A普通句型以从属连词、连接代词或介词引起的宾语从句汉译时，词序一般不变。如：16. I have not made up my mind as to what elective courses I am to take next term.我还有决定下学期上哪些选修课。17. This shows that something unexpected may have turned up.这表明可能出现了意外情况。18. Lei Feng always thought how he could do more for people.雷锋总是想到怎样为人民做更多的事。19. She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.她从不满足于她取得的成就。20. Zhang San replied that he was very sorry.张三回答说，他感到很遗憾。B. 用it 作形式宾语的句子，汉译时，宾语从句可按原文译出，但it 可省译。21. I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.我让你自己判断，这件事该不该做。22. I made it clear to the students that they must hand in their assignments before 11 a.m.我给学生讲明，他们必须在上午11点前交作业。23. I think it quite true that he ventured out to Shangri-la.他又冒险去香格里拉了，我觉得这件事千真万确。 C.英语中有时为了修辞强调， 把宾语从句置于主句前，汉译时也可遵从该修辞效果，顺序译出。如：24. Whether they like it or not, I dont care.他们喜不喜欢，我可不管。25. What they were asked to do in 10 days, they finished in two.让他们是天做的事，他们两天就做完了。练习1. Scientists have long predicated that computers would one day help speed up the arduous艰巨的 task of translating texts. 科学家们早已预言，总有一天计算机将帮助我们加快艰巨的文字翻译工作。 2. We all know that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health and that alcohol abuse can kill. 我们都知道吸烟对健康有害，我们也知道酗酒会危害人的生命。 3. Nutritional experiments have made it evident that vitamins are indispensable for ones health and growth. 营养实验证明，维生素对人们的健康和生长是不可缺少的。 III. 表语从句的译法一般情况可以按原文译出。26. Thats what we should do. 这正是我们的本分27. The question which worries everyone today is: how long will these fuels last?今天人人都担心的问题是：这些燃料能维持多久？28. “If I have seen farther than other man, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants” (Newton)“要说我比别人望得远了一点，那是因为我已经站在了巨人的肩旁上。”（牛顿）极少数的表语从句也可以按照汉语的表达习惯，把表语从句提前。29. That is why the “know-all” is ridiculous.“万事通”之所以可笑，原因就在于这个地方。30. That is why she is so happy.她如此高兴的原因就在这里。 表语从句译法总结：1、在 “that (this) is why”结构中，如先译主句，后译从句就成了“这就是为什么” , “ 这就是为什么的原因 （缘故）”；如先译从句，后译主句，常译为“ 的原因（理由）就在这里”。2、在 “that (it) is because”句型中，常先译主句，后译从句，成为“这是因为”，“这是因为（由于）的缘故”。3、在“This is what”结构中，先主后从就译为“这就是的（内容）；若先从后主就译为“ 就是这个道理（意思） ”。练习1. The question is how the people can find an effective way to store the suns heat. 问题在于人们怎样才能找到一种有效的方式来储藏太阳热。 2. This is what the equation means. 这就是此方程式的含义。 3. Thats why the plants absorb water from the soil. 这就是植物从土壤中吸收水分的原因。 IV.同位语从句的翻译A同位语从句不提前31. There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job. 毫无疑问他能胜任这项工作。32. Can you produce any evidence that he was not at college that night?你能不能提出证明，断定那天夜里他不在这儿。33. I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你也在这儿。B. 同位语从句提前34. There can be no doubt that she is competent for this job.她能胜任这项工作，这是毫无疑问的。35.This is a certainty that socialism will replace capitalism.社会主义将代替资本主义，这是必然的事。36. Do away with the mistaken metaphysical notions that “Gold must be pure.”要打破“金要足赤”的形而上学的错误思想。C.把同位语译成独立的句子，在其前加“即”，或在名词之后用冒号或破折号引出同位语从句。37. We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.我们都熟悉这样一个概念，即一切物质均由原子组成。38. Through many years practice of teaching foreign language, I have derived a new experience that translation is the best possible