中考英语教材一本通 八下 Unit 3-4（通用）

八年级下册Units 34 类别 新课标要求 重点词汇拓展 1.dish (n.)dishes(pl.) 盘；碟 2.borrow (v.)lend(反义词 v.) 借出；借给 3.stress (n.)stressed(adj.) 紧张的；焦虑不安的 4.depend (v.)dependence(n.) 依靠；信赖independence(反义词 n.)独立 independent(adj.)独立的；自主的 5.develop (v.)development (n.) 发展；发育；成长 6.fair(adj.)unfair(反义词 adj.)不公正的；不合理的fairness (n.)公正性；公平合理性 7.ill(adj.)illness(n.) 疾病；病sick(同义词 adj.) 有病的；生病的 8.communicate (v.)communication(n.) 交流；沟通 9.clear (adj.)clearly(adv.) 清晰地 10.usual (adj.)usually(adv.) 通常地unusual(反义词 adj.) 特别的；不寻常的 11.waste(v.) wasted (adj.)浪费的 12.compete(v.) competition (n.)竞争 13.type(n.) typical (adj.)典型的 重点短语记忆 1.do the dishes 洗餐具 2.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 3.fold the clothes 叠衣服 4.sweep the floor 扫地 5.make your/the bed 整理床铺 6.clean the living room 打扫客厅 7.as soon as 一就；尽快 8.in order to 目的是；为了 9.provide sth. for sb.为提供 10.mind doing sth. 介意做某事 11.depend on 依靠；依赖 12.take care of 照顾；处理 13.look through 快速查看； 浏览 14.work out 解决；成功地发展 15.get on with 和睦相处；关系良好 16.communicate with 与交流 17.compare. with 比较；对比 18.in ones opinion 依看 19. all the time 频繁；反复 20. big deal 重要的事 21.argue with sb. 和某人吵架 22. get into a fight _ with sb. 和某人打架 23.give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人 24. offer to do sth. 主动做某事 25. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 26. cut out 删除；删去 重点句型整理 1.Could I use your computer? 我可以用你的电脑吗？ Sorry.Im going to work on it now.对不起，我现在要用它工作。 2.Could you please take out the rubbish? 请你倒垃圾好吗？ 3.Why dont you talk to your parents? 你为什么不同你的父母谈谈呢？ 4.Although shes wrong, its not a big deal. 尽管她做得不对，但也没什么了不起的。 5.What should he do? 他应该做什么？ 6.Could I at least finish watching this show？我至少看完这个节目行吗？ 7.She wont be happy if she sees this mess.如果她看到这样不整洁，她会不高兴的。 8.She didnt do any housework and neither did I.她没有做家务活，我也没有做。 9.My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。 10.Children these days depend on their parents too much.如今的孩子们依赖父母亲太多。 11. The earlier kids learn to be independent the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。 12.My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends.我父母不允许我和朋友们一起出去闲逛。 13.I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.昨天我发现我妹妹翻阅我的东西。 14. Although shes wrong，its not a big deal.尽管她不对，但这也不是什么大不了的事。 15.My problem is that I cant get on with my family.我的问题是我不能和我的家人和睦相处。 16. Instead，he watches whatever he wants until late at night.相反，晚上无论他想看什么就看到很晚。 17.You should explain that you dont mind him watching TV all the time. 你应该说明你不介意他总是看电视。 18.You are afraid of speaking in front of people.你害怕在人们面前说话。 19.Your best friend doesnt trust you any more .你最好的朋友不再信任你。 【常考词汇】 1.while 【知识点睛】while 作从属连词，意为“当的时候；在期间”，引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词必须为延续性动词。它强调主句的动作在从句动作的过程中发生，或者主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，且持续时间一般较长。当 while 所引导的从句与主句的主语相同，且该从句的动词为 be 动词时，从句的主语和 be 动词有时可以省略。 I was taking a bath while my mother was preparing dinner.我妈妈准备晚餐的时候，我正在洗澡。 Tom was watching TV while (he was) eating.汤姆边吃边看电视。 【即时演练】1)_C_ the children have fun，parents can take dancing lessons on the beach. AThough BIf CWhile DOnce 2)It seems that you are happy，why? I met an old friend of mine while I _C_ on the street. Awalks Bwalk Cwas walking Dam walking 2.in order to 【知识点睛】in order to 意为“目的是；为了”，比单纯的 to do 更强调“目的”，可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。其否定形式为 in order not to do，意为“为了不做”。 In order to get a complete picture，further information is needed.为了掌握全面情况，还需要详细资料。 【归纳拓展】“in orderthat 从句”也可表示“为了，以便”，从句中常用 can, may, could, might 等情态动词。 My father works hard in order that he may support us. 我父亲辛苦地工作是为了养家。 【即时演练】1)Many people give money to Project Hope _D_ help the poor children to go to school. Aas soon as Beven though Cso that Din order to 2）In order _A_ for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. Anot to be late Bnot being late Cto be late Dbeing late 3.mind 【知识点睛】mind 动词，意为“介意；在乎”，后常接动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。 Would you mind.？是交际用语中表示“请求”的常用句型，意为“你介意吗？”其肯定回答(即不介意对方做某事)常用：Not at all./Certainly not./Of course not.等。否定回答(即介意对方做某事)常用：Im sorry，but./Im afraid you cant./Yes，youd better not 等。 Do you mind if I open the window？我打开窗户，你会介意吗？ Would you mind parking your car there？你介意把车子停到那边吗？ Not at all.不介意。 【即时演练】1)Would you mind _C_ the window？Its very hot. No，not at all Aopen Bto open Copening Dopened 2)I want to put up the picture on the wall.Would you mind helping me with it? _B_With pleasure. AOf course BOf course not CYoud better not DThanks a lot 4.as soon as 【知识点睛】as soon as 意为“一就”，引导时间状语从句。在使用时，要注意主、从句时态一致。当主句是一般将来时或过去将来时时，从句应对应使用一般现在时或过去时。 The baby began to cry as soon as she saw her mother.那个婴儿一看见她妈妈就开始哭。 Well go to play basketball as soon as the rain stops tomorrow.明天雨一停我们就出去打篮球。 【即时演练】1)Henry will give us a report as soon as he _A_ Aarrives Barrived Cis arriving Dwill arrive 5.return v归来，回来，返回 【知识点睛】 return 相当于 give back，常用于“return sth. to sb.”结构中。 Return the book to the library. 把书归还给图书馆。 【归纳拓展】return 还可表示“回来；返回”(come/get back)，常用于“return to someplace”结构中。 Shes returning to Australia tomorrow.明天她要返回澳大利亚了。温馨提示：return 已含有 back 的意思，所以其后不能接 back。 u 常考句型 易错辨析 1Could you please take out the rubbish? 请你倒垃圾好吗？(Unit 3) 【知识点睛】 (1)take out the rubbish 是固定短语，意为“倒垃圾”。 (2)could 是情态动词 can 的过去式，但在此句中不表示过去式，而是表示一种委婉、客气的语气。 【归纳拓展 1】情态动词 could 的用法 could 用于第二人称，表示委婉地提出请求。常用句型为“Could you (please)_.？”意为“(请)你做好吗？” 肯定回答用：Yes，sure./ Yes, I can./ Of course, I can./ No problem./With pleasure.等。 否定回答用：Sorry, I cant. I have to./ Sorry, Im going to./I am afraid I cant. I have to. 等。 Could you please clean up your room? 请你打扫房间好吗？ No problem. 没问题。 could 用于第一人称，表示希望得到对方的许可。常用句型为 “Could I_.？”意为“我可以做吗？”肯定回答用：Yes, you can./ Yes, please.等。否定回答用：Sorry, you cant./ Im afraid you cant.等。 Could I use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗？ Sorry. Ill ride it to the park. 抱歉。我要骑着去公园。 could 是 can 的过去式，表示过去的能力。对其一般疑问句的回答仍用 could。 Could Mary read at the age of four? 玛丽四岁时会阅读吗？ Yes, she could. 是的，会。 【归纳拓展 2】常见的表示委婉请求的方式还有： 以 would 开头的句式 用 wish/hope 提出请求 用带 please 的祈使句提出请求温馨提示：could/would you please 后面接动词原形，其否定形式是在动词原形前加 not。 Would you please not open the door？请你不要开门，好吗？ 【即时演练】1)Could you help me put up the maps on the wall? _A_ ANo problem BI hope so CThats all right DThats a good idea 2）Sir，could you please put out your cigarette？This is a smoke-free(无烟的)school. _ AIm sorry about this. BNo problem. CSure，Id love to. DNever mind. 解析：选项 A“我对此表示歉意”，选项 B“没问题”，选项 C“当然了，我很乐意”，选项 D“不要紧”。由第一句“先生，请您熄灭烟好吗？这是一所无烟学校”可知答句应选 A。 2Could you lend me some money? 你借给我一些钱好吗？(Unit 3) 【妙辨异同】 borrow， lend 与 keep (1)borrow 指借入。常用于 borrow sth. from sb. 结构，表示主语向别人借东西。 lend 指借出；表示“还给”。表示主语把东西借给别人。 I borrowed a pen from her.我从她那里借了一支钢笔。 Can you lend me some books?你能借给我一些书吗? (2)borrow 是终止性动词，与一段时间连用时用 keep 代替 borrow。 Jack wants to borrow a bike from Dave，but Dave has lent his bike to Tom. 杰克想借戴夫的自行车，但戴夫已经把自行车借给汤姆了。 Tony has kept my dictionary for a week.托尼借用我的字典已有一周了。 （3）lend 指“(把自己的东西)借出”。固定短语 lend sb.sth.或 lend sth.to sb.意为“借给某人某物”。 keep 意为“保存；保留”，可引申为“借用”，此时常与一段时间或 how long 等连用。 borrow 和 lend 是终止性动词，不能与表示延续性的时间状语连用。 I borrowed a book from Jack yesterday.昨天我从杰克那里借了本书。 Jack lent me a book yesterday./Jack lent a book to me yesterday.昨天杰克借给我一本书。 How long can I keep the book？这本书我可以借用多长时间？ 【即时演练】1)Jim，can I _borrow_ your car? Sorry，I _lent_ it to Steven just now. How long will he _keep_ it? Two days. 【归纳拓展】return 意为“归还”，相当于“give back”。用 return sth.to sb./give sth.back to sb。 The boy borrowed a bike from the girl. The boy returned the bike to the girl. 3Could I invite my friends to a party? 我可以邀请我的朋友来参加晚会吗？(Unit 3) 【知识点睛】(1) invite（v.）invitation（n.）邀请；请柬 inviter（n.）邀请人、邀请者inviting (adj.)吸引人的。invite 意为“邀请”，意同 ask，但 invite 更正式。其常见用法有： invite + sb.邀请某人 He invited my family yesterday.昨天他邀请了我全家。 invite + sb. + to a place 邀请某人到某处 Who have you invited to your house for your birthday party? 你请了谁到家里来参加你的生日晚会？ invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 They invited me to join their club.他们邀请我加入他们的俱乐部。 invite sb. to sth.邀请某人参加 Jack invited his friends to his birthday party yesterday.昨天杰克邀请他的朋友们参加他的生日聚会。 (2)invite 的名词形式是 invitation。 Thank you for your invitation.谢谢你的邀请。 4It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家中给孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。(Unit 3) If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. 如果父母们正有问题，你应该主动提供帮助。(Unit 4) 【知识点睛】 (1)provide sth. for sb. 是固定短语，意为“为提供”，同义结构为“provide sb. with sth.”。 Our parents provide food and clothes for us. Our parents provide us with food and clothes.我们的父母为我们提供衣食。 (2)offer 动词，意为“主动提出；自愿给予”。offer sb. sth.offer sth. to sb. 意为“给某人提供”。另 offer to do sth.意为“(主动提出)做某事”。 The manager offers a job to me in his company.那个经理在他的公司里给我提供了一份工作。 【即时演练】 1)That company _provided_ (提供) us with 3，000 dollars in 2020 2)Parents often _ their children _D_ some good advice. Aoffer；with Boffer；/ Cprovide；with Dboth B and C 【妙辨异同】 provide，give，offer 与 supply 四个词均有“供给；供应”之意 辨析 意义 差异 例句 provide 供给,提供,装备，准备 强调有预见，并通过储存或准备的方式为某事做准备 We provided them with board and lodging. 我们给他们提供食宿。 offer 提出，提供 别人提供可接受也可拒绝的某物，如帮助、服务或物品 He offered me a job, but I didnt accept. 他提供给我一份工作，但我没有接受。 give 供给，提出 “给出”或因别人需要而“给” We gave her flowers for her birthday. 我们送她一些花以庆祝她的生日。 supply 供给，补充，弥补 供给(量)，物资，存货 We are well supplied with foods. 我们的食品供给充足。 provide， offer， give 与 supply 之间的主要区别在结构上。 (1)provide for provide with (2)give give to (3)offer 强调“主动提供” offer offerto (4)supply withsupplyto The sun provides us with light and heat. The sun provides light and heat for us.太阳供给我们光和热。 I gave the boy a book.I gave a book to the boy.我给了那个男孩一本书。 He offered me his seat.He offered his seat to me.他主动给我让座。 We supplied them with money and clothes. We supplied money and clothes to them.我们供应他们钱和衣服。 5.he had no idea how to take care of himself. 他不知道如何照顾自己。(Unit 3) 【知识点睛】 take care of 是固定短语，意为“照顾；照料”。 【妙辨异同】 take care of 与 look after (1)take care of 与 look after 都有“照顾；照料”的意思，可以互相转换。 She stayed at home and took care of her mother yesterday.She stayed at home and looked after her mother yesterday.昨天她待在家里照顾她母亲了。 (2)take good care of 和 look after.well 意义相同，都是“好好照料；好好照顾”的意思。 (3)take care of 有“负责；处理”的意思，而 look after 没有这一含义。 Tom takes care of the new books. 汤姆负责管理这些新书。 【归纳拓展】 take 的常用短语 6The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. 孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。(Unit 3) 【知识点睛】 “the比较级，the比较级”的结构，表示“越，越”。 The busier he is，the happier he feels.他越忙，越感到高兴。 The more，the better.越多越好。 【即时演练】1)_ you are，_A_ mistakes you will make in the test. AThe more careful；the fewer BThe more carefully；the fewer CThe more careful；the less DThe more carefully；the less 2)The weather is becoming _A_ Ahotter and hotter Bmore hot and hot Choter and hoter Dmore and more hot 7Why dont you talk to your parents? 你为什么不同父母谈一谈呢？(Unit 4) 【知识点睛】 Why dont you do sth.？Why not do sth.? 意思是“为什么不？”用来征求对方的意见或建议，相当于 Will you please do sth.? 类似的表达方式还有： What/How about doing sth.? about 是介词，因而此句型后要接名词、代词或 v-ing，用来询问对方的情况或征求对方的意见。 Shall we do sth.? Lets do sth. Its better to do Youd better (not) do You should/need Would you like to do？ Could/Would you (please) do？ 其肯定答语为 Good idea！/OK./Wonderful！/Great！/Sounds good！等；其否定答语为Sorry，but.等。 Why dont you buy her a watch？Why not buy her a watch? 为什么不给她买块手表呢？ 【即时演练】1)What should I get my mom for her birthday? Why _A_ get her a scarf？ Adont you Bdo you Care you Ddidnt you 解析： Why dont you 后面接动词原形，意为“为什么不做某事呢？”，故选 A。 2)Look！Its raining heavily！_A_ take a raincoat with you? Well，Ill take one right now. AWhy not BWhy dont CWould you mind DWould you like 8My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我与朋友闲逛。(Unit 4) 【知识点睛】 (1)allow 动词，意为“允许”，具体用法如下： allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 allow sb. sth. allow sth. to sb. 给某人某物；让某人得到某物 My parents wont allow me to stay out late.我的父母不允许我在外面待到很晚。 We dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在此吸烟。 The students are allowed to design their own uniforms.学生们被允许设计他们自己的校服。 【即时演练】 1) The little girl was crying because her mother didnt allow her _C_ the ice-cream. Aeat Beats Cto eat Date 2)In our school，boys are not _allowed_ (allow) to have long hair. (2)hang out 是固定短语，意为“闲逛”。 He often hangs out after school. 放学后他经常去闲逛。 9My problem is that I cant get on with my family. 我的问题是我不能与家人相处得很好。(Unit 4) 【知识点睛】 (1)get onget along 相处；进展；与合得来 (2)get on/along well with sb.与某人相处得好 (3)get on/along well with sth.某事进展得好 (4)How are you getting on/along with sb./sth.?你与某人相处得怎样？/某事进展如何？ How does Gina get on with her friends?吉娜与她的朋友相处得怎么样？ Hes new here，but he seems to be getting on fine.他是新来的，但他好像挺适应的。温馨提示：get on 也表示“上车”，反义短语为 get off。 10And they are always comparing them with other children. 父母们总是把他们和别的孩子作比较。(Unit 4) 【知识点睛】 compare（v.） compared（v.-ed）比较、对照comparing (v.-ing)比较、对照。 compare 为动词，意为“比较；对比；将比作”。compare.with 意为“与相比较”(常表示同类相比，比较)。 The result has been carefully checked and compared.这个结果已经仔细核实并比较过了。 If you compare his work with hers, youll find hers is much better. 要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她的好得多。 【归纳拓展】 (1)compare.to.把比作(常表示异类相比，比喻) (2)compare.with/to.拿与比较 He compared the heart to a pump.他把心脏比作泵。 Compare this with that, and you will see which is better.把这个与那个比较一下，你就会发现哪个更好一些。温馨提示：compare 放在句首作状语时，表被动要用 compared，表主动要用 comparing。如： Compared with many people, she is really lucky. 和许多人相比，她是真地很幸运。 Comparing this book with that one, she found that one is better. 把这本书和那本书作比较，她发现那本书比较好。 11.She did not do any housework and neither did I她没有做任何家务活,我也没做。 【知识点睛】“neither did I”为倒装语序，did 代替“do any housework”。 “Neither/Nor助动词/情态动词/be主语”表示与上述否定情况相同。 “So助动词/情态动词/be主语”表示与上述肯定情况相同。 “So主语助动词/情态动词/be”表示强调，即对前面所说的情况加以肯定，表示“ 也是”。 I didnt go to the park last Sunday.上周日我没去公园。 Neither did I我也没去。 They will play soccer tomorrow.他们明天去踢足球。 So will we.我们也去踢。 She knows little English.她英语懂得不多。 So she does.她的确如此。 【即时演练】1)I cant play the piano，and _A_ Aneither can my sister Bmy sister cant，too Cso cant my sister Dcan my sister， either 2)My grandma is used to living in the city. _B_ ASo my grandpa is BSo is my grandpa CSo my grandpa did DSo did my grandpa 【归纳拓展 1】1）neither 作代词，意为“(两者)都不”。 Neither of my parents is at home.我父母亲两个都不在家。 2） neither 作形容词，与名词单数连用，意为“(两者)都不的”。可以替换 not either Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。 3） neithernor意为“既不也不”。 The room is neither big nor bright.这个房间既不大也不明亮。 Neither you nor I am right.你不对，我也不对。 【归纳拓展 2】1)eitheror 意为“或者或者”，neithernor 意为 “既不也不”。 2)eitheror 和 neithernor 在连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词必须与后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 Either you or Jim has a chance to visit the museum.(连接并列主语) 要么你要么吉姆有机会去参观博物馆。 温馨提示：bothand(和两者都)连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 12. Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.相反，晚上无论他想看什么就看到很晚。 【知识点睛】(1)instead 作副词，意为“代替；反而；却”，修饰整个句子作状语。 He never works，instead he plays all day and all night.他从不工作，却整日整夜地玩。 【妙辨异同】 instead，instead of，rather than instead 常位于句首或句末。 instead of 和 rather than 都可以表示“而不是”，常位于句中，两者都可接名词、代词等作宾语。若后接动词时，instead of 后接 v.-ing，rather than 后常接动词原形。 Last summer I went to Qingdao.This summer Im going to Dalian instead.去年夏天我去了青岛。今年夏天我将改去大连。 We should do something instead of just talking about it.We should do something rather than just talk about it.我们不应该只是谈论，而应该做点什么。 【即时演练】1) If youre busy，you may come another day _instead_ 2)He would play computer games _rather_than_ do his homework. 3)You should try your best to finish it _instead_of_ giving up. （2）whatever 作代词，意为“任何事物；无论什么”，引导名词性从句。eg： You can eat whatever you like.你愿意吃什么就吃什么。 Whatever I have is yours.我拥有的任何东西都是你的。 You may do whatever you like.你可以做你喜欢的任何事。 【归纳拓展】whatever 作连接代词，意为“无论什么”，引导让步状语从句。eg： Dont change your plans，whatever happens.无论发生什么事，都不要改变你的计划。 【即时演练】1）We have no coffee.Lets have tea_ D _ Aeither Bhowever Cyet Dinstead 解析：either“也”，只用于否定句；however“然而”，表转折关系；yet“还、尚”，常用于现在完成时的疑问句或否定句中；instead“代替”。句意：我们没有咖啡。咱们喝茶吧。故选 D。 2）We must try our best (无论什么)we do. 解析：whatever。句意：无论我们做什么，我们必须尽力。 13. since/for 【知识点睛】 since since时间点 since从句(从句通常用一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成时) for for时间段 for 表示“因为”时，其后才可接从句 The factory has been open for a month. The factory has been open since a month ago. 这家工厂开业一个月了。 since 还可表示原因，意为“既然，因为”。 Since it is late, I shall go home now. 由于晚了， 我现在要回家了。 【即时演练】How long have you stayed in this hotel? Not long, just_B_ this Monday. Afrom Bsince Cfor Don 12020临沂 When you are swimming, _ your ears. You can use earplugs(耳塞) to stop water getting into your ears. A. take after B. take part in C. take off D. take care of 22020天津 Be friendly and youll _ well with others. A. look at B. get on C. put on D. pick up 32020黄冈 I can hardly believe my eyes. Is that you, Lucy? Yes. It has been almost 20 years_ we were together. Asince Bbefore Cafter Duntil 42020湖州 Mona doesnt like making speeches. She feels_ talking in front of the class. A. annoyed B. excited C. nervous D. surprised 52020绵阳 Will you please gi