英语四级翻译题目

-翻译题目中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展，但直到1949年中华人民共和国成立才成为一项国家事业。在过去的50多年中，我国的体育运动取得了可喜的成绩。2008年，北京成功举办了第29届奥运会，使这次奥运会成为弘扬奥林匹克精神(Olympic spirit)、促进世界和平、增进各国人民友谊的一次盛会。目前，为更好地发展中国体育，一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建立起来了。表达难点1.第1句中的“直到1949年才成为一项国家事业”中“直到才”采用notuntil句型。“中华人民共和国成立”可处理成修饰“1949年”这个时间的定语从句，译作when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.2.第2句中的“体育运动取得了可喜的成绩”如果直译成the sports have made great achievements则表达有误，因为“取得成绩”的是“人”，但此句不用强调施动者，故译为great achievements have been made in sports，表达更地道，也符合英语常用被动语态的习惯。3.第3句中的“使这次奥运会成为的一次盛会”表结果，故用分词短语作结果状语，译作making it a grand gathering，定语“弘扬奥林匹克精神、促进世界和平、增进各国人民友谊的”较长，故将其处理成定语从句，用三个并列动词来表达：that carried forwardpromoted, and enhanced。4.最后一句中的“一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建立起来了”虽然形式上是主动的，但意义上却表被动，故翻译时需转換成被动语态，译作a nationwide network for sports has been set up.“为更好地发展中国体育”表目的，故将其处理成目的状语to develop Chinas sports in a better way.参考译文Chinas sports have undergone thousands of years of development. But it was not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949 when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. In the past 50-odd years, great achievements have been made in Chinas sports. Beijing hosted the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 successful, making it a grand gathering that carried forward the Olympic spirit, promoted world peace, and enhanced the friendship among people of the world. Now a nationwide network for sports has been set up to develop Chinas sports in a better way.复杂的汉字(Chinese characters)书写体系是中国古代文化遗留下来的瑰宝。而这一体系正面临着退化的命运。随着电脑和智能手机的迅速发展和普及，年轻人拿起笔却写不出字来的现象越来越常见。若不借助电子产品的帮助，很多人难以写出10万个日常用字。为此，中央电视台开播了一档汉字听写比赛(Chinese Character Dictation Competition)节目，以引起人们对汉字的重视，帮助观众提高汉字书写能力。表达难点1.第1句中的“是中国古代文化遗留下来的瑰宝”如果逐字对译为isa treasure left over by Chinese ancient culture，则出现英文表达逻辑错误，left over by应后接施动者，而Chinese ancient culture 显然不合适，故“遗留下来”应省译，而用介词of表达“汉字简体系”和“中国古代文化”之间的所属关系。2.第3句“随着的现象越来越常见”可套用句型withcomes a commonly seen phenomenon that.年轻人拿起笔却写不出字来的“现象”的同位语，由that引出，译为young people are barely able to write with pen In hand，“拿起笔”可译为时间状语从句when they take up the pen，但不如介词短语with pen in hand来得简单、地道。3.第4句中的“很多人难以写出10万个日常用字”可套用句型sb. find it hard/difficult to do sth.，译为 many people find it hard to write 10,000 characters frequently used in daily life.4.最后一句中的“以引起，帮助”，两个并列结构均表目的，故将其译作状语to arouseand improve。参考译文The complex writing system of Chinese characters is a treasure of Chinese ancient culture. But this system is facing a decline. With the rapid development and popularity of computers and smart phones comes a more commonly seen phenomenon that young people are barely able to write with pen in hand. Without the help of an electronic product, many people find it hard to write 10，000 characters frequently used in daily life. Thus, the CCTV launched a program, Chinese Character Dictation Competition, to arouse peoples attention to Chinese characters and improve the audiences handwriting ability.中国传统婚礼反映着中国的哲学思想。婚礼上总是用红色的东西来表达祝福和尊重。这是因为中国人将红色看作是幸福、成功和好运的象征。婚姻不仅是一对新人的结合，也象征着两个家庭的结合。邀请亲朋好友来参加婚礼体现着人与人之间的关系和礼节(formality)。婚礼上奏乐的声音通常很响，响到足以让自然“听到”，同时也证明婚姻的重要性。表达难点1.翻译第2句“婚礼上总是用红色的东西”时，为符合英语表达习惯，应“增译”出动作执行者，表达为people always fillwith red things.“来表达祝福和尊重”表目的，故将其译作目的状语to express blessings and respects.2.仔细分析可发现，第3句“这是因为中国人将红色看作是幸福、成功和好运的象征”中的“这”指代前面句的论述，故可以将此句和前一句合译，用表原因的连词for引出状语从句for they。“红色”在翻译时要增译the color才符合英语“形合”的特点。定语“幸福、成功和好运的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用of引出，表达为of haziness, success, and good luck.3.第5句中的主语“邀请亲朋好友来参加婚礼”可用分词短语Invitingrelatives and Mends to the wedding来表达。主谓人称和数相一致的原则，此处主语是指一件事情，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。4.最后一句“声音通常很响，响到足以”，如果逐字对译为the sound is always loud, and loud enough to译文显晦涩，按英语避免重复的表达习惯，“省译”一个loud.参考译文Traditional Chinese weddings reflect Chinese philosophy. People always fill their weddings with red things to express blessings and respects, for they regard the color red as the symbol of happiness, success, and good luck A marriage is not only a combination of the couple but also the symbol of the unity of two families. Inviting relatives and friends to the wedding symbolizes the relationships and the formality between people. The sound of musical instruments in the wedding usually loud enough to make nature know and to demonstrate the importance of the marriage.在中国视频网站上，英剧已然成为新的焦点。中国一些主要门户网站近日已经发布近1000集英剧。这些网站开始探索新的市场。中国著名的视频网站一搜狐日前也在运营英国频道，其中既包含英剧，也有英国音乐。 相比于美剧，英剧更短小精悍，也更深奥。根据中国一家公司的报告显示，中国的英剧爱好者多为受过良好教育的年轻一族。表达难点1.第3句“这些网站开始探索新的市场”与前一句关联性较大，主语都是“网站”，故将其处理成前句的目的状语，译为to explore the new market.2.在翻译第4句“中国著名的视频网站搜狐”时，把“搜狐”置于句首，同位语a famous video website in China紧跟其后，是较地道的英文表达。“其中既包含英剧，也有英国音乐”处理成that引导的定语从句，置于先行词channel的后面，not onlybut also结构表示“既也”。3.第5句中的状语“相比于美剧”用短语compared with/to American shows来表达;可置于句首或句末。4.在翻译最后一句中的“根据中国一家公司的报告显示”时，“增译”出动词“发布”(release)，表达更精准，符合英语表达习惯。“受过良好教育的年轻一族”用两个并列的形容词young and well-educated来表达，既清晰又简洁。参考译文British dramas are the new focus for Chinese video websites. Some major websites in China have recently released about 1,000 episodes of British dramas to explore the new market Sohu, a famous video website in China, is running a British channel that includes not only TV dramas, but also British music. Compared with American shows, British dramas are shorter and more sophisticated. A report released by a Chinese company shows that British drama lovers in China are mostly young and well-educated.为了让人们更好地记住年份，我们的祖先用12只动物来代表年份。即“十二生肖”(Chinese Zodiac)。每一年由一种动物代表，每隔12年进行一个循环，从鼠开始，以猪为结尾。每一种动物还有其独特的文化内涵(cultural connotation).例如，牛年出生的人据说“勤奋、冷静、可靠”，虎年出生的人则“强大、勇敢、但又急躁”。十二生肖在亚洲的其他国家，如韩国和日本也很流行。表达难点1.第1句中的“为了让人们更好地记住年份”，如果直译成in order to make people remember the years more easily.表达不够地道，有中国式英语的感觉。“让人们”是汉语中约定俗成的表达，翻译时可“省译”，此处表达为to order to remember即可。“即十二生肖”可紧跟上文，用which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。2.第2句中的“每隔12年进行一个循环”可以用every 12 years comes in a circle表达，主语every 12 years为整体念的单数名词。“从鼠开始，以猪为结尾”用现在分词短语beginning with Rat and ending with Pig来表达，作“循环”的后置定语。3.第4句中的“牛年出生的”宜处理成后置定语，用分词短语bornin the Year of Ox来表达。“据说”译为 is said to。4.翻译最后一句时，先译出主干(The Chinese Zodiac remains popular)。地点状语“在亚洲的其他国家”用介词短语 in other Asian countries 来表达。参考译文In order to remember the years more easily, our ancestors used twelve animals to represent the years, which is called the Chinese Zodiac. Every year is represented by an animal and every 12 years comes in a circle beginning with Rat and ending with Pig. Each animal has its unique cultural connotations. For example, a person born in the Year of Ox is said to be hard working, calm, and reliable, while the person born in the Year of Tiger is powerful, brave, and impatient. The Chinese Zodiac remains popular as well in other Asian countries, such as Korea and Japan.李白是唐朝(the Tang Dynasty)的著名诗人。他和他的朋友杜甫是唐代中期中国诗歌繁盛时期最杰出的两位人物。他一生四处游历，写下了大约1000首诗篇。这些诗堪称是赞美友情、享受大自然和饮酒作乐的模板。他的诗浪漫、豪迈，想象力丰富。作为一个浪漫主义天才，李白把中国的传统诗歌形式推向了一个新的离度，对后世的诗歌产生了深远的影响。表达难点1.第2句中的定语“唐代中期中国诗歌繁盛时期”的中心词是“繁盛时期”(in the flourishing)，“中国诗歌”是其定语，用介词短语of Chinese poetry来表达，时间范围较大的“唐代中期”(in the mid-Tang Dynasty)置于句末。2.第3句中的“写下了大约1000首诗篇”用分词短语composing about 1,000 pieces of poems来表达，作状语。后一句以“这些诗”为主语，跟前一句关联较大，故将其处理成修饰前一句poems的定语从句，用 which引导。3.第5句“他的诗浪漫、豪迈，想象力丰富”是中文的无动词句。翻译时，把“他的诗浪漫”转换为主干(his poems are romantic)，将“豪迈，想象力丰富”转换为状语，用介词短语with heroic style and rich imagination来表达。4.最后一句可直译成并列结构，“推向高度”用taketo a height来表达，“对产生深远的影响”则用exerted a far-reaching influence oil的表达方式。参考译文Li Bai was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. He and his friend Du Fu were the two most prominent figures in the flourishing of Chinese poetry in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He traveled around the country in his lifetime, composing about 1,000 pieces of poems which were models for celebrating the friendship, appreciating the nature and the joys of drinking wine. His poems are romantic with heroic style and rich imagination. As a romantic genius, Li Bai took traditional poetic forms to a new height and exerted a far-reaching influence on the poems of the future generation.胡同(Hutong)是北京的一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远的历史。最早的胡同出现在元朝(the Yuan Dynasty)，如今大部分胡同是在明清时代(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)形成的。据专家考证，“胡同”一词源 干蒙古语(Mongolian)的“井”。自古以来胡同都是北京城里普通市民生息的场所，可以说是北京平民文化的代表。但随着人口的增加，很多古老的胡同已经消失，取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦。表达难点1.第1句中的“馆藏丰富的”用现在分词短语表达，作后置定语，译作boasting vast collections.“一座宝藏” 可简单译为a treasure，但不如用a palace of treasure来表达语义更生动饱满。2.第2句中的“但令人遗憾的是”可套用句型it is a pity that，此处用副词regrettably置句首修饰一整句则更简单，是英语中常用的表达方式。3.仔细分析可发现，第4句“这一举动良好的开端”中的“这一举动”指代前一句的内容，故将该句处理成非限制性定语从句，译作which is a good start。 “为学术馆藏走近普通大众”表目的，故将其处理成状语，用不定式短语to bring academic collections closer to the general public 来表达。4.最后一句进行了对比，重点为后一分句内容“国内的髙校博物馆仍然有待发掘”(the domestic university museums are still waiting to be discovered)。所以翻译时，可以考虑将这两个分句进行“合译”，后一分句作主句，前一分句则处理成用as引导的状语从句，使译文结构紧凑流畅。参考译文The university museums boasting vast collections are undoubtedly a palace of treasure. Regrettably, however, this treasure has been receiving little attention. Recently, some university in Beijing announce that their museums will grant free access to the public, which is a good start to bring academic collections closer to the general public. But as many world-class university museums have long been famous attractions for tourists and scholars, the domestic university museums are still waiting to be discovered.中国的铁路建设始于清朝(the Qing Dynasty)末年。自新中国成立后，中国的铁路得到了飞速发展。目前中国拥有仅次于美国和俄罗斯的全球第三大铁路网。在中国，铁路是国家重要的基翅设施(infrastructure)、大众化的交通工具。每逢寒暑假、节假日，总会出现“一票难求”的现象。据报道，中国将优先发展西部地区，特别是贫困地区的铁路，引导当地人民走向致富之路。表达难点1.第2句“中国的铁路得到了飞速发展”如果直译为Chinese railway has developed rapidly则显平淡，此处可用see表示“(时代等)以为特点，历经”的意义，将其译为Chinese railway seen rapid development，这样译文更生动地道。2.第3句中的定语“仅次于美国和俄罗斯的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，表达为only second to the United States and Russia.3.第5句“总会出现一票难求的现象”是汉语中的无主语句，其常见的处理方式有：增添主语;译为被动语态;译成there be结抅;使用形式主语it。结合该句，可使用形式主语it，译成it is difficult to get a train ticket;或并充出主语译为Chinese travelers find it difficult to，“一票难求”可用find it difficult to do sth.句型来表达。4.最后一句中的“优先发展”和“引导当地人民走向致富之路”在原文中是并列结构，但实际上后者表目的，故将其译作目的状语to lead to wealth for local people，“引导走向致富之路”用短语lead to wealth比直译为lead people to the path of wealth更简洁地道。参考译文Railway construction in China began in the late Qing Dynasty. Chinese railway has seen rapid development since the founding of New China. Currently, China has the worlds third largest railway network only second to the United State and Russia. Railway is an important infrastructure of the country and a popular traffic tool. During the summer and winter vacations, and national holidays, Chinese travellers always find it difficult to get a train ticket. It is reported that China will prioritize railway development in western regions, particular the areas, to lead to wealth for local people.风水(Fengshui)是一门使人与环境达到和谐的艺术，是中国哲学在环境上的反映。人们相信自然环境影响人的命运。他们期望通过调整建筑的设计与布局，达到人与环境和谐，并使人得益于环境。风水也有迷信(superstition)的一面。如今风水在中国城市的年轻人中已不太时兴，但在中国的农村、香港、台湾地区以及新加坡和马来西亚，风水仍然流行。表达难点1.第1句含有两个分句，翻译时可把前一个分句“是艺术”看作“风水”的同位语译出，后一个分句作为句子的主干。定语“一门使人与环境达到和谐的”和“中国哲学在环境上的”都较长，可采用n + of +的所有格形式，表所属。2.第3句分句较多，信息较零散，但仔细分析可发现达到人与环境和谐，并使人得益于环境“是目的，而”通过调整建筑的设计与摆设“是方式，故翻译本句时宜改变句子的语序，把表示目的内容作为句子的主干，而”通过调整“则译成through引导的方式状语置后。3.第4句“风水也有迷信的一面”，可译成“be of + n.”的结构，强调“具有特性”。4.在最后一句中，地点状语“在马来西亚”很长，故翻译时将其置于句末，避免句子头重脚轻，也更符合英语的表达习惯。参考译文Fengshui, an art of harmonizing people with their environment, is the reflection of Chinese philosophy in environment. People believe that the natural environment affects peoples fortunes. They expect to achieve harmony with the environment, and benefit from it through adjusting the design and layout of their houses. Fengshui is also of superstition on its side. Nowadays it is not much popular with young Chinese in the cities, but it is still welcomed in Chinese rural areas, Hong Kong and Taiwan as well as countries like Singapore and Malaysia.“汉语桥”世界大学生中文比赛(the Chinese Bridge Chinese Proficiency Competition for Foreign College Students)是由国家汉办(the Office of Chinese Language Council International)主办的大规模国际性比赛。到目前为止，这个一年一度的比赛已经成功举办了12届。今年的决赛共有来自77个不同国家的123名选手(contestant)参加。该赛旨在激发各国学生学习汉语的兴趣及加强世界对汉语和中国文化的了解。 同时