广州七年级英语上册期中语法细致讲解

初一语法及其练习题特殊疑问句操练场一根据句意，请从方框中选出合适的特殊疑问词来完成句子。What how when where whose which why1. I have two apples, _one do you like better?2. _ do you go to school every day ? On foot .3. _did you go last night ? I went to the cinema.4. _do you get up so early? Because I want to do morning exercises (做早操).5. _can I do for you ? I would like a pencil.6. _shirt is this ? Maybe its Lilys.7. _did you go to bed last night ? At about 11:00.8. _ do you want to buy for your mother? A sweater.二根据汉语提示，将句子所缺部分写完整，每空一词。1. _ _is your teacher? I dont know. (多高)2. _ _ is the picture on the wall? Its red. （什么颜色）3. _ _ do you get up every day? At 6:30. （几点）4. _ _ books do you have? Fifteen.（多少）三 根据A句的意思,向A 句的划线部分提问，完成B 句。1. A. She often goes to work by bike every day. B. _ _ she often _ to work every day?2. A. The blue T-shirt is Bills. B. _ _ the blue T-shirt?3. A. My father will go to Kunming next week. B. _ _ your father goes to Kunming?4. A. His brother is about five years old. B. _ _ is his brother?5. A. They went to the park yesterday afternoon. B. _ _ they _ yesterday afternoon?冠词用法一、分类冠词可分为不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（不用冠词）。二、用法1.不定冠词（a/an）不定冠词a (an)表示的意思是“一个”。a用于辅音音素开头的词前；而an则用于元音音素开头的词前。例如：The little boy eats an apple, and the little girl eats a banana.（1）用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示“一”。 There is an apple on the plate.（2）第一次提到某人或某物。 This is an English-Chinese dictionary.（3） 在一些固定搭配中 a lot of/ a little/ a few/ a pair of/ a set of 等。2. 定冠词（the）放在名词前，表示特定的事物或人。（1） 第二次提到某人或某物，用定冠词the Look! There is a ball under the table. The ball is mine.（2） 用于指说话双方都知道的事物或人。 Would you mind closing the window?（3）放在序数词前。 Monday is the second day of the week.（4） 表示世上独一无二的事物。 The earth goes around the sun. （5） 定冠词和形容词连用，表示某一类人。 the poor the bad the rich the good （6） 演奏某项乐器时，乐器前需加the。如： play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin（7） 在一些固定搭配中。如：in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 all the year round 一年到头 on the left/right在左/右边3.零冠词用法（1）在专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前。 We live in Asia.Have you ever been to Shanghai? Would you like to drink water? (2)在季节、月份、星期、节日、日期、等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； It is very cold in winter in Beijing.（3）在一日三餐、表示球类运动名词前不用冠词。 After we have lunch, we will play football.（4）在固定搭配中,名词前不需要用冠词。如： at school 在学校学习 in hospital 住院go to bed睡觉 face to face 面对面on foot 步行 hand in hand 手拉手all day and all night整日整夜 by bus乘公共汽车练习一、单项选择。1. He often has _ egg and some milk for breakfast.A. / B. a C. the D. an2. -Whats the trouble with Lingling? -She doesnt go to_ school and stay in _bed now.A. a; / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a3. -Do you have _ dictionary? -No, but Lucy has _ new dictionary on the bookshelf.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a4. _ earth is round.A. A B. An C. The D. /5. There is _ “L” in the word “LUCK”.A. a B. the C. an D. /6. I hope you have _ happy day today. A. a B. an C. the D. /7. _ Whites are having dinner together.A. A B. The C. An D. /8. There is _ orange and some pineapples in the basket.A. the B. / C. a D. an9. Lisa has _ hat. _ hat is very beautiful.A. a; A B. an; A C. a; The D. an; /10. Im watching_ movie. It is about_ interesting love story.A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an二. 句子改错。每句中有一个错误，请改正。1. July is a seventh month of the year.2. We wait here for half a hour.3. Students often play the football after school.4. Its an European wolf.5. They often have a supper in a restaurant. 一般现在时一般现在时讲解： 1、含义： （1）经常发生的动作或存在状态；（2）表示普遍真理。 2、标志性的词： always（总是）,usually（通常）,often（经常）,sometimes（有时候）,everyday（每天）,every week（每周），seldom（很少），never（决不，从不）等时间状语连用。 3、句子怎样变疑问句和否定句： （1）句子本身有be动词：She is a teacher. I am a pupil. They are workers. 这些画线的词是可以直接变的词，否定句直接在be动词前加not（一画二加），疑问句直接把be动词放在句首，句尾要加上问号（一画二提三问号）。 She is a teacher. I am a pupil. They are workers. 否定句：She isnt a teacher. I am not a pupil. They arent workers. 疑问句：Is she a teacher? Are you a pupil? Are they workers? （2）句子没有be动词，可以看动词的形式进行判断，用助动词do, does。 We go to bed early. Janet feels ill. 看画线部分的动词，如果动词用原形，就用助动词do，后面的动词用原形；如果动词是第三人称单数（he, she, it）动词加ses，就用助动词does，后面的动词也用原形。 We go to bed early. Janet feels ill. We dont go to bed early. Janet doesnt feel ill. Do you go to bed early? Does Janet feel ill? 4、一般现在时动词三单形式： （1）一般情况下加s，如：get-gets （2）以-ch, -sh, -o, -s, -ss结尾的加es，如：washwashes, watchwatches, dodoes, do-goes （3）辅音字母加y结尾的，把y改为i加es，如：study-studies （4）特殊变化：havehas练习单项选择： 1. - What time do you usually get up in the morning? - _ seven oclock. A. At B. In C. On D. With 2. I enjoy _ TV after finishing _ my textbook. A. watching, to read B. to watch, to read C. watching, reading D. to watch, reading3. My brother doesnt like coffee. She _ drinks it. A. always B. usually C. seldom D. often4. He _ his teeth at 6:30 oclock every day and then he _. A. brushs, has breakfast B. brush, has breakfast C. brushes, has the breakfast D. brushes, has breakfast 5. I have _ for breakfast every morning. A. two pieces of bread B. two breads C. two bread D. two pieces of breads 6. He _ lunch at school every day. A. doesnt B. doesnt have C. doesnt has D. hasnt （三）用动词的正确形式填空： 1、Look, the boy _(sleep) in class. 2、Sometimes my mother _(take) exercise in the park. 3、He shouldnt _(play) computer games too much. 频度副词频度副词的位置 1. 在be动词之后。如： She is sometimes very busy. 她有时很忙。 2. 在第一个动词或情态动词之后。如： I will never forget the first time I met you. 我将永远忘不了和你的第一次见面。 3. 在实义动词之前。如： We often go there. 我们常去那儿。 4. sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末，often也可放在句末。如： Sometimes she writes to me. 她有时候给我写信。 She writes to me often. 她经常给我写信。练习1. Lisa helps her mom at home. （usually）_2. Jack is late for class. （never）_3. He goes to school at 7:00 every morning. （always）_4. On weekends, my father takes us to the movies. （sometimes）_5. My brother gets good grades at school. I am proud of him. （often） _可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词；凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。（1）可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或some many等修饰。如：a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens（2）不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰，但可以用some a little much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配，这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的，有单数形式，也可以有复数形式。如：some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water不可数名词常考不可数名词：1. 水类：water, juice, milk, coke; 2. 食物类：food, meat, bread, rice; 3. 其它：news, pollution, advice, information, money, paper等等。不可数名词的“量”（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice1. The little boy often gives _ to the headmaster on young peoples problems.A. many advice B. some advices C. two advice D. two pieces of advice 2. I have _ information about the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. aB. an C. a piece of D. a lot 3. - They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 4. Please give me _. A. two breads B. two bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads 5. He wants to write down something , so he asks me for _. A. a paper B. some papers C. a piece of paper D. some pieces of papersThere be 句型就近原则There be句型的时态（There will be/There is going to be “将会有”）易错点：“There have/There will have/There is going to have”（）【练习】There _ a lot of bread and some apples on the table.has B. isC. are D. were2. There _ a rugby match tomorrow afternoon.A. is going to have B. have C. will have D. is going to be3. There are some _ on the table. A. chicken B. eggs C. potatos D. meat 4. There _ any students in the classroom; they are on the playground. A. is B. are C. isnt D. arent 5. There _ two pens and a book on the desk. A. is B. are C. isnt D. arent Its adj +to do sthIt is interesting to read books.一般将来时一般有以下时间状语(标志词)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：be going to + do；如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow. will+ do. 如：I will go swimming tomorrow. 三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。 如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow. I am not going to go swimming tomorrow. I will go swimming tomorrow. I will not go swimming tomorrow. 四、 一般疑问句： be动词或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。 如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow. Are you going to go swimming tomorrow? I will go swimming tomorrow. Will you go swimming tomorrow? 五、对划线部分提问。(疑问词+一般疑问句?) 一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1、问人。Who 例如：I am going to school. Tom will go to school. Are you going to school? Will Tom go to school? Whos going to school? Who will go to school? 2、问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. Is your father going to watch a race with you this afternoon.？ What is your father going to do with you this afternoon？ My father will watch a race with me this afternoon. Will your father watch a race with you this afternoon.？ What will your father do with you this afternoon？ 3、问什么时候。When.例如：She is going to swim at nine. She will swim at nine. Is she going to swim at nine？ Will she swim at nine？ When is she going to swim ? When will she swim ？ 同义句: be going to = will (be going to 常指客观情况，will 常指主观情况) I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 1. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping. 2. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them. 六、一般将来时的习题 一、填空。 1我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my frien