必修5-unit1过去分词作定语或表语

过去分词作定语或表语【教学内容】过去分词作定语或表语【教学目标】熟练掌握过去分词作定语或表语时的不同用法【教学重难点】过去分词作定语或表语的用法、过去分词和动词的-ing形式和不定式的区别【教学过程】动词的-ed形式的句法功能一、作表语动词的-ed形式作表语，表示主语的某种性质或状态。A. 状态性动词的-ed形式作表语例：1.The shop has remained shut for a week. 这家商店关门一周了。2.All the people present were already seated. Waiting for the conference to start.所有到场的人都已入座，等着会议的开始。B.形容词性的动词的-ed形式作表语注：动词的-ed形式作表语表示事物的性质，这些词往往被视为形容词，可以用very修饰。例：1.Most of middle school students are interested in pop stars and NBA star players. 大多数中学生对流行歌手和NBA明星感兴趣。2.I was very surprised to see little Jimmy run so fast in the game.在比赛中看见小吉米跑的这么快，我非常惊讶。【随即随练】翻译1.看完信后，他显得很忧虑。He looked worried after reading the letter.2.商店关门了。The shop is closed.3.她对那个故事感兴趣。She is interested in the story.4.她觉得困惑甚至有点害怕。She felt confused,and even frightened.二、作定语动词的-ed形式作定语有的置于被修饰词的前面，有的置于被修饰词的后面。A. 置于被修饰词的前面 单个的-ed形式作定语往往置于被修饰词的前面，及物动词的-ed形式，表示被动和完成意义，不及物动词的-ed形式仅表示完成意义。例：1.We only sell used books in our bookstore.我们的书店只卖用过的书。2.The lost time can never be found again.失去的时间永远也找不回来。3.The ground is covered with fallen leaves.地上盖满了落叶。B.特殊的动词-ed形式作定语有些经常不单独用作定语的动词的-ed形式，在加上前缀un-或与某些副词、名词和形容词构成复合词后，可作前置定语。 untold sufferings 说不出的痛苦 newly laid eggs 刚下的鸡蛋 deep-set eyes 深陷的眼睛 unfinished work 没完成的工作C.置于被修饰词的后面 单个动词的-ed形式作定语时偶尔也可置于被修饰词的后面，但大多数作后置定语的是动词的-ed形式短语，其作用相当于定语从句。例：1.Things seen are mightier than things heard.眼见为实，耳听为虚。2.The story written by a middle school student is popular in schools.由一名中学生写的这个故事在学校中很流行。（相当于The story which was written by a middle school student is popular in schools.)【牛刀小试】翻译1. 去年建的那座楼是为我们的老师们建的。The building built last year is for our teachers.2. 全家人住在一所新房子里。The whole family live in a newly-built house.3. 在秋天你到处可以看到落叶。You can see fallen leaves everywhere in autumn.动词的-ing形式和-ed形式在句中皆可作表语。区别如下：动词的-ing形式和-ed形式作表语动词的-ing形式作表语说明主语的性质、特征或表示主动概念，动词的-ed形式作表语说明主语的状态或表示被动概念。例：1.What he said is rather disappointing.他的讲话很令人失望。2. They were deeply moved to hear the old mans story.听到老人的故事，他们被深深地打动了。过去分词作表语与被动语态之间的区别 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态或情绪状况，而被动语态则表示动作的执行者是谁，有着非常强烈的动作的意味。例：1.My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。（状态）2.My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子打碎了。（动作）动作发生的时间性不同 作定语时，动词的-ed形式常表示动作发生的时间早于谓语动词，或者没有一定的时间性，只表示被动关系，或只表示完成。例：1.The bridge built last year cost $120,000.去年建的这座桥花了120,000美元。（既表示被动又表示完成）2.I dont like to hear songs sung by Jackson.我不喜欢听杰克逊的歌。（只表示被动，没有一定的时间性）3.All the fallen leaves have been cleared away.所有落叶都被清扫干净了。（表示完成，并没有被动意味）不定式与动词的-ing形式和-ed形式皆可作定语，但其用法和意义差别很大。时态意义不同不定式与动词的-ing形式和-ed形式作定语的区别主要表现在时态上：不定式作定语通常指将来的动作；动词的-ing形式作定语指正在进行的动作；动词的-ed形式作定语指已经完成的动作。例：1.I have to work extra hours this evening, for I have three letters to write.我有三封信要写，今晚得加班。2.Do you know the man sitting in the middle of the first row?你认识坐在第一排中间的那个人吗？3.Have you read any short stories translated by Lu Xun?你读过鲁迅先生翻译的短篇小说吗？现在分词和过去分词作定语的意义区别 Developing countries 发展中国家 Developed countries 发达国家 An exciting voice 一个令人兴奋的声音 An excited voice 一个兴奋的声音【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空1.Mr.Smith, tired (tire) of the boring (bore)speech, started to read a novel.2.The girl let out a frightened (frighten) voice at the sight of the snake.3.His frightening (frighten) voice scared the boys away.*语法点津* 辨别作定语的是现在分词还是过去分词，取决于分词与所修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系：主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。动词的-ed形式的结构特征 注：动词的-ed形式通常是由原形动词后的-ed构成的，但也有不规则的形式，又称过去分词。动词的-ed形式仍保留动词的许多特征，在句中可有自己的状语和逻辑主语，带双宾语的及物动词构成的-ed形式还可以有自己的宾语。其否定式是在其前面加not.例：1.Given enough care, the children can cooperate better. 如果给予更多的关心，孩子们会合作得更好。（带有自己的宾语）2.Greatly encouraged, we made up our mind to carry on the hard work.由于受到了很大鼓舞，我们决心将艰苦的工作进行到底。（带有自己的状语）3. Not knowing in time, the injured woman died soon.由于没有得到及时的治疗，那个受伤的女人很快就死了。【随堂练习】1、 单项选择1. The engine just wont start.Something seems B wrong with it. A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone 2. Will you attend the meeting C on Saturday. A.held B.being held C.to be held D.hold3. Please remain B ; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. A.seating B.seated C.to seat D.to be seated 4. The picture B on the wall is painted by my nephew. A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung5. The first textbook D for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.have written B.to be written C.being written D.written6. Volunteering gives you a chance D lives, including your own. A.change B.changing C.changed D.to change7. In some languages,100 words make up half of all words D in daily conversations. A.using B.to use C.having used D.used8. The room is empty except for a bookshelf A in one corner. A.standing B.to stand C.stands D.stood9. Havent you seen the sign D “NO PHOTO”?Im sorry I didnt. A.reads B.to read C.read D.reading10. The airport B next year will help promote tourism in this area. A.being completed B.to be completed C.completed D.having been completed二、根据所提示的单词完成句子1. Those who can tell the police what the missing boy is dressed in (失踪的孩子穿什么衣服）will be awarded.(miss,dress)2. It is said that the wave broken/which/that was (is) broken by him (被他打破的)is worth a lot of money.(break)3. When the teacher heard the news,he seemed/looked quite delight (看上去十分高兴）（delight）【课后作业】1、 单项选择1. He didnt understand the A question, so there was a expression on his face. A.puzzling;puzzled B.puzzling;puzzling C.puzzled;puzzled D.puzzled;puzzling2. The bell A the end of the period rang, our heated discussion. A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated;interrupted3. Linda worked for the Minesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, B as 3M. A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known3. The last one C pays the meals.Agreed! A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving4. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses B vacation to China. A.paying B.paid C.to be paid D.being paid5. Recently a survey B prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A.compared B.comparing C.compares D.being compared6. The witnesses A by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the flight. A.questioned B.being questioned C.to be questioned D.having questioned7. Look over theretheres a very long, winding path A up to the house. A.leading B.leads C.led D.to lead8. There have been several new events D to the program for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A.add B.to add C.adding D.added9. The play C next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A.produced B.being produced C.to be produced D.having been produced10. The pilot asked all the passengers on