八年级上-冀教版英语语法归纳PPT课件

.,1,Revision,ofGrammar,.,2,Grammar1:SimplePresentTenseIII,.,3,*一般现在时态的否定和疑问形式否定和疑问形式都要借助do/does.Ilikemypicture.-Idontlikemypicture.-Doyoulikeyourpicture?-Whatdoyoulike?,.,4,Shelikespurple.-Shedoesntlikepurple.-Doesshelikepurple?-Whatdoesshelike?,.,5,Grammar2:ThePresentPerfectTense.,.,6,1.构成:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词,即:have/hasdone,现在以动词work为例子将现在完成时态的肯定形式,否定形式和疑问形式及简略答语讲解一下.,.,7,*肯定形式:I/Youhaveworked.He/She/Ithasworked.We/You/Theyhaveworked.,.,8,*否定形式:I/Youhavenotworked.He/She/Ithasnotworked.We/You/Theyhavenotworked.,.,9,*疑问形式及简略答语:HaveI/youworked?Yes,you/Ihave.No,you/Ihavenot.Hashe/she/itworked?Yes,he/she/ithas.No,he/she/ithasnot.Havewe/you/theyworked?Yes,you/we/theyhave.No,you/we/theyhavenot.,.,10,2.基本用法:A:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成影响或结果.Ihavejustwashedmyclothes.*洗衣服是过去发生的动作,对现在造成的结果是“衣服洗干净了”.,.,11,B:表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在包括“现在”在内的一段时间状语连用.WehavelearnedEnglishfortwoyears.,.,12,3.现在完成时常和already,yet,sometime,always,never,ever,before,just等词连用,也可以和包括现在在内的thismorning,today,thisweek,thisyear等时间状语连用.Ihavewritten3Englishe-mailstoday.今天我已经写了三封英文电子邮件了.Ihavepaintedsixnewpicturesthisweek.这周我已经画了六幅新画.Ihaveseenyoubefore.我以前见过你.,.,13,4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:现在完成时态表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,lastyear,twodaysago,justnow,in2000等.而一般过去时态只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系,要和表示过去的时间状语连用.试比较:,.,14,Ihavereadthebook.我已经读过这本书.Ireadthebooklastyear.我去年读了这本书(只说明去年读了这本书,不涉及现在的情况.)Hehasworkedheresince1998.1998年以来他一直在这里工作.(他现在还在这里工作)Heworkedherein1998.1998年他在这里工作.(不涉及现在他是否在这里工作),.,15,Shehasbeenateacherfortwentyyears.她当老师20年了.(她现在还是老师)Shewasateacherfortwentyyears.她当了20年老师.(不涉及现在是不是老师),.,16,5.动词过去分词的构成:*规则变化:和过去式变化规则相同A:动词原形+ed:played,wanted,workedB:以不发音的e结尾的词加d:loved,liked,usedC:以辅音字母+y结尾的词,先变y加为i,再加ed:studystudied,trytried,worry-worriedD:末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed:stopped,planned,dropped,.,17,*不规则变化：需掌握规律,逐一熟记.:词形不变:cut-cut-cut,hit-hit-hit,let-let-letB:过去式和过去分词相同:dig-dug-dug,feel-felt-feltC:过去式加n/en构成过去分词:speak-spoke-spoken,break-broke-brokenchoose-chose-chosen,.,18,D:动词原形中间元音字母i改a变为过去式,i改u变为过去分词:begin-began-begun,drink-drank-drunkE:从原形变为过去分词:come-came-come,do-did-done,go-went-gone,.,19,Grammar3:TagQuestions,.,20,反意疑问句:概念:反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见,但没有把握,希望对方来证实.构成:反意疑问句由两部分构成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短提问.如果前一部分用肯定形式，后一部分就用否定形式，如果前一部分用否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式.两部分的人称和时态要一致.,.,21,3.语调:反意疑问句陈述部分用降调,提问者对陈述部分把握大时,后一部分用降调,把握不大时,用升调.,.,22,4.例句:-Theweatherhereinsummerisveryhot,isntit?-Yes,itis.-Youlikeswimming,dontyou?-No,Idont.-Hehasntcomeback,hashe?-No,hehasnt.,.,23,5.注意:*前一部分主语是名词,后一部分则相应的变为代词:LiMingisaboy,isnthe?*前一部分谓语动词是实义动词,则后一部分要相应使用助动词.TomlikesEnglish,doeshe?,.,24,*对反意疑问句的回答,不管怎么提问,如果事实是肯定的，就用yes,事实是否定的就用no,这和汉语不同，要特别注意.*前一部分是祈使句,后一部分则用willyou?/wontyou?,.,25,Grammar4:ThePossessiveCaseofNouns,.,26,1.单数名词:加s读音:清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音和元音后读/z/例如:Mikesdog,Johnsbike2.以s为结尾的复数名词:加读音:读音不变例如:TeachersDay,thestudentsreadingroom,.,27,3.不以s结尾的复数名词:加s读音:清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音后和元音后读/z/例如:WomensDaytheChildrensPalacemensroom,.,28,注意事项:A:如果是两个人共有的东西,则在后一个名词后加s,如果不是两个人共有的东西,则在两个名词之后都加s:LucyandLilysroomLucysandLilysroomsB:表示住家，店铺时,名词所有格后面一般省略掉它所修饰的名词:atmyuncles=atmyuncleshomeatthebarbers=atthebarbersshop,.,29,C:有表示时间,距离,国家等的名词,也可以加s表示所有格:todayseveningpaper今天的晚报fiveminuteswalk步行五分钟的路程Chinasagriculture中国的农业,.,30,Grammar5:positivesentences肯定句negativesentences否定句interrogativesentences疑问句,.,31,*陈述句用来叙述一项事实,分为肯定句和否定句.,.,32,*肯定/否定句Iamastudentinjuniorschool.Iamnotastudentinjuniorschool.谓语如果是be变成否定要直接在其后面加not.Iworkinamiddleschoolhere.Idontworkinamiddleschool.谓语如果是实意动词,要加dont/doesnt/didntHedoesntlikeEnglish.(三单形式),.,33,*疑问句分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句*一般疑问句一般由be/do/does/did提问AreyouanEnglishteacher?DoyoulikeEnglish?Doessheplaybasketball?疑问语序,.,34,特殊疑问句一般由why,when,where,how等特殊疑问词来引导WhydoyoulikeEnglish?Wheredoesshelive?Whenwillyoubegin?疑问语序,.,35,Grammar6.:V-ing,.,36,*v-ing构成1.一般直接加ing:work-working2.以不发音的e为结尾的去掉e加ing:skate-skating3.以重读闭音节为结尾的,双写最后一个字母再加ing:shop-shoppingswim-swimming,.,37,*v-ing用法1.与be构成进行时态,做谓语.Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.Itwasrainingalldayyesterday.,.,38,2.与其他动词构成短语,在句子中做主语,宾语,表语,定语,宾语补足语等WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.(主语)Ilikeplayingfootballverymuch.(宾语)Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.(表语)Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(定语)Isawthemwalkingacrossthestreet.(宾语补足语),.,39,Grammar7:PersonalPronouns,.,40,.,41,用法:主格人称代词在句子中做主语.I/We/You/Theylikeplayingfootball.Thisisanewbook.Itisveryusefultostudents.2.宾格人称代词在句子中做动词宾语或介词宾语.Mymothergavemeapresentyesterday.ItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.,.,42,Grammar8:PossessivePronouns,.,43,.,44,用法:形容词性的物主代词的用法相当于形容词,在句子中只做定语.Ilovemyparents.Herbooksareinthebag.2.名词性物主代词相当于名词,它后面不能跟名词,它在句子中做主语,宾语,表语.Hishandwritingisgood.Hersisbetter.Mybikeisbroken.MayIborrowyours?,.,45,Grammar9:ReflexivePronouns,.,46,1.概念:表示一个动作返回到该动作执行者本身或强调某人或某物“本人,本身”的代词叫作反身代词.,.,47,2.反身代词形式,.,48,3.用法:*在句中做动词或介词的宾语Pleasehelpyourselftosometea,Thegirlistooyoungtolookafterherself.Heneverthoughtofhimself.TheyteachthemselvesEnglish.,.,49,*在句中做名词或代词的同位语,用来加强名词或代词的语气,做“亲自,本人”解,可以放在名词,代词之后,也可以放在句尾.Youyourselfsaidso.Thedeskitselfisnotheavy.Wediditourselves.=Weourselvesdidit.