2011年职称英语考试卫生类C级真题及答案解析

2011年职称英语考试卫生类C级真题及答案解析（完整版）第1部分：词汇选择（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. Weve been through some rough times together.A. longB. shortC. happyD. difficult2. She gave up her job and started writing poetry.A. lostB. createdC. abandonedD. took3. Can you give a concrete example to support your idea?A. specialB. goodC. realD. specific4. In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.A. changesB. dropsC. reducesD. leaves5. The police took fingerprints and identified the body.A. discoveredB. touchedC. recognizedD. missed6. If we leave now, we should miss the traffic.A. directB. mixC. stopD. avoid7. It was a fascinating painting, with clever use of color and light.A. familiarB. wonderfulC. largeD. new8. I propose that we discuss this at the next meeting.A. suggestB. requestC. demandD. order9. The company has the right to end his employment at any time.A. offerB. continueC. stopD. provide10. I was shocked when I saw the size of the telephone bill.A. excitedB. angryC. lostD. surprised11. What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?A. retirementB. advertisementC. advancementD. replacement12. Were happy to report that business is booming this year.A. failingB. riskyC. openD. successful13. Were seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.A. quickB. regularC. greatD. clear14. The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.A. foundB. killedC. jailedD. caught15. Rodman met with Tony to try and settle the dispute over his contract.A. solveB. avoidC. markD. involve第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UKs chief clinician, said: ItS incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often. Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease. The introduction of the NHS(国民保健制度) breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed. Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45 ,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease-a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said: It is great news that fe-wer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breastscreening and awareness of the disease. However, this is still too many women and incidence (发生率) of the disease is increasing year by year. The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity(肥胖) and alcohol consumption.16. 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.A. RightB. wrongC. Not mentioned17. Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971.A. RightB. wrongC. Not mentioned18. The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.A. RightB. wrongC. Not mentioned19. Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.A. RightB. wrongC. Not mentioned20. Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.A. RightB. wrongC. Not mentioned .21. Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.A. RightB. wrongC. Not mentioned22. Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.A. RightB. wrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。Organ Donation and Transplantation1 Organ donation(捐献) and transplantation(移植) refers to the process by which organs or tissues from one person are put into another persons body.2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors. About 3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month. Each day, about 77 people receive organ transplants. However, about 18 people die each day waiting for transplants that cant take place because of the shortage of donated organs.3 There are no age limits on who can be an organ donor. Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors. If you are younger than 18, you must have a parents or guardians consent (同意). If you are 18 years or older, you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs, the doctor or the emergency room staff wont work as hard to save their life. This is not true. The transplant team is completely separate from the medical staff working to save your life. The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.5 If you need an organ transplant, your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list.Your name will become part of a pool of names. When an organ donor becomes available, all the patients in the pool are compared to the donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ , medical urgency(紧急) of the patients illness, time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient(接受者) are considered.23. Paragraph 2_.24. Paragraph 3 _.25. Paragraph 4 _.26. Paragraph 5 _.A. Quality of donated organB. Benefits of organ donationC. Distribution of donated organsD. Quality of donor medical careE. Age limits of organ donationF. Status of organ donation and transplantation27. There is a great demand for _.28. Organ donors range in age from newboms to_.29. Doctors will try their best to save your life even if youve signed _.30. Various factors are considered when deciding on _.A. donated organsB. the national waiting listC. a donor cardD. senior citizensE. all possible effortsF. the most suitable candidate第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。第一篇U. S. Eats Too Much SaltPeople in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, govemment health experts said on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than l,500 mg per day, yet most consume closer to 3,500 mg per day.Its important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattem that includes a diet low in sodium(钠) and rich in potassium(钾) and calcium(钙) can improve their blood pressure, Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement. People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake , Labarthe said.The study in CDCs weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than l,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-which are considered high-risk groups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005 - 2006 CDC estimate.Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5. 8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said.31. Too much salt raises ones risk for _.A. strokesB. heart attacksC. high blood pressureD. all of the above32. The recommended sodium intake for most U. S. adults is _.A. closer t0 3,500 mg per dayB. as much as 3,436 mg per dayC. no more than l,500 mg per dayD. less than 3,500 mg per day33. A heart-healthy diet is one that contains _.A. a low level of sodiumB. a lot of potassium and calciumC. no salt at allD. both A and B34. Nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups,_.A. for they are inactiveB. for they are black or over the age of 40C. for they frequently eat outD. for they consume sodium every day35. Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to beA. good in tasteB. low in priceC. poor in nutritionD. high in salt第二篇Sino-Japan Animosity (敌意) LessensChinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO (非营利性的组织 ) , a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations. It also found overwhelming; a greement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were importantThe survey is a pan of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum, an annual gathering of senior govemment officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs(非政府组织) designed to improve communication and understanding between the two countries.Conducted every year for five years now, the survey focused on two different groups of people:ordinary citizens, and intellectuals. In China, the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University. In Japan, the intellectual group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.Among ordinary Chinese polled, 35. 7 percent said they have very good or relatively good impressions of Japan, a 5. 5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45. 2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan, two percentage points more than last year. Only 26. 6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China, however.Still, an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were important and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.But 51. 9 percent of ordinary people and 42. 4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan, 64. 8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties this year.Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations, the survey found. What concems the Chinese most are historical issues, visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine(靖国神社) , and the Nanjing Massacre(大屠杀) .Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved, though. About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been helpful this year in fighting the global economic crisis, compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65. 8 percent to 81.4 percent this year.Cooperation in East Asian issues, trade and investment, energy, and the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral(双边的) meetings, the survey found.Civil exchanges were regarded by the most people from the both countries as an important way to improve relations. 90. 7 percent of the students and 85. 7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95. 8% of intellectuals and 74. 8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as important or relatively important .Chinese and Japanese both learn about each others countries mostly through television news and newspapers, the survey found.36. Which of the following statements about the survey is true?A. The survey was conducted on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.B. The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily, Genron NPO and the American Council on Foreign Relations.C. The survey found that people in both China and Japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important.D. The survey mainly focused on two different groups of people: ordinary citizens, and the university students.37. According to the passage, the Beijing-Tokyo Forum .A. is held every year in BeijingB. aims at promoting communication between the two countriesC. mainly attracts representatives from the governments of the two countriesD. releases a survey on Sino-Japanese relation every five years38. In the last year,_% of ordinary Chinese and_% of Chinese students have a positive impression of Japan.A. 35.7; 45.2B. 51.9; 42.4C. 5.5; 26.6D. 30.2; 43.239. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the major obstacles to improving bilateral ties?A. Territorial disputes.B. Trade frictions.C. Visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine.D. The Nanjing Massacre.40. The survey found that _.A. most Japanese had good or relatively good impressions of ChinaB. the bilateral relationship was perceived as being improved over last year by the majority of respondents from the both countriesC. an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believed that the Civil exchanges were an important way to improve relationsD. the territorial issue ranked among the top list of common concems that people in both coun tries want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings第三篇Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers. Hope is an important part of happiness, said Peter A. Ubel M. D. , director of the U-M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, but theres a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness. The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortterm. Ubel and his co-authors-both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University-studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group-the one without hope-reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies. We think they were happier because they got on with their lives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards, says Ubel, who is also a professor in the Department of Internal Medicine.The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed, he added. They contrastedtheir current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didnt make the best of their current situation. Hopeful messages may not be in the best interests of the patient and may interfere with the patients emotional adaptation, Ubel says. I dont think we should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up peoples hope so much that they put off living their lives. 41 Chronically ill patients may be happier _.A. if they keep thinking of their pastB. if they believe theyll recoverC. if they put off moving onD. if they manage to get on with their life42 What had happened to the patients under study?A. They had just survived an accident.B. They had just had an operation.C. They had just injured their colons.D. They had just made some pouches.43 One group of the patients was happier because _.A. they made the best of their current situationB. they were good at playing functionC. they regarded normal bowel functionD. they were promised another operation44 The other group was not as happy because _.A. they accepted their current situationB. they were anxious to get betterC. they missed their previous lifeD. they refused to play cards45 What could be the message of the passage?A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.C. Hope is what makes people move on.D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空