2013高考备考高中英语语法 定语从句.doc

定语从句定语从句.3 第一部分第一部分 考点精讲精练考点精讲精练.3 第第 1 讲讲相关概念相关概念.3 考点考点 1.主句、从句、关系词主句、从句、关系词.3 考点考点 2.关系代词关系代词.3 考点考点 3.关系副词关系副词.3 第第 2 2 讲讲关系词的选择关系词的选择.4 考点考点 1.选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分.4 考点考点 2.选用关系词的方法：一选用关系词的方法：一“找找”二二“还还”三三“替换替换”.4 考点考点 3.关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首.4 第第 3 3 讲讲只能用只能用 thatthat 不能用不能用 whichwhich 的情况的情况.5 考点考点 1.先行词是先行词是 anything, something, nothing, everything, 等不定代词时等不定代词时.5 考点考点 2.先行词是先行词是 all, much，little, none 或先行词被或先行词被 all, much, little, no, any 修饰时修饰时.5 考点考点 3.先行词被最高级、序数词以及先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same.5 考点考点 4.先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用 that.6 考点考点 5.注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响.6 第第 4 4 讲讲其它有关关系词选择的规则其它有关关系词选择的规则.6 考点考点 1.关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用 which，whom;不能用不能用 that, who.6 考点考点 2.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用引导非限制性定语从句时，要用 which, who, whom, 不用不用 that，也不能省略，也不能省略.6 考点考点 3.当先行词前面有当先行词前面有 which，who 等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词 that.6 考点考点 4.关系代词在从句中作表语或关系代词在从句中作表语或 there be 结构中的实意主语时结构中的实意主语时, that 可指人或物，而且通常省略可指人或物，而且通常省略.6 考点考点 5.当先行词为当先行词为 one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人指人)时，关系代词常用时，关系代词常用 who.7 第第 5 5 讲讲whosewhose 可指人也可指物可指人也可指物.7 考点考点 1.若指物，它还可以同若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换互换, 指人，则不可与指人，则不可与 of whom 互换互换.7 考点考点 2.名词前有冠词名词前有冠词 the 时用时用 of which, 名词前没有冠词时用名词前没有冠词时用 whose.7 第第 6 讲讲as, but, than 用作关系代词用作关系代词.7 考点考点 1.as 引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句 .7 考点考点 2.the sameas 与与 the samethat.8 考点考点 3.suchas 和和 such.that 的区别（该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句）的区别（该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句）.8 考点考点 4.but 用作关系代词（选学内容）用作关系代词（选学内容）.8 考点考点 5.than 用作关系代词用作关系代词 （选学内容）（选学内容）.8 写作专练写作专练 1.as 做关系代词很有用（做关系代词很有用（P 17）.9 第第 7 7 讲讲关系副词关系副词.9 考点考点 1.关系副词在定语从句中做状语关系副词在定语从句中做状语.9 考点考点 2.the way 做先行词做先行词.9 考点考点 3.situation, case, point, business 等后常用关系副词等后常用关系副词 where .9 考点考点 4.occasion(时机时机)做先行词用关系副词时用做先行词用关系副词时用 when.10 考点考点 5.when 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句.10 第第 8 8 讲讲关系词的省略关系词的省略( (仅供了解仅供了解) ).10 考点考点 1.关系代词的省略关系代词的省略.10 考点考点 2.关系副词的省略关系副词的省略.10 第第 9 9 讲讲介词关系代词介词关系代词.10 考点考点 1.关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用 whom 或或 which,不可用不可用 who, that.11 考点考点 2.from where 为为“介词关系副词介词关系副词“结构，可以引导定语从句结构，可以引导定语从句.11 考点考点 3.像像 look after, look for 等固定短语动词等固定短语动词.11 考点考点 4.部分与整体用部分与整体用 of.11 考点考点 5.介词的选择：看前看后看意思介词的选择：看前看后看意思.11 第第 1010 讲讲限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句.12 考点考点 1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别.12 考点考点 2.As，which 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句.12 写作专练写作专练 2.as, which 引导非限制性定语从句（引导非限制性定语从句（P 17） .13 写作专练写作专练 3.使用非限制性定语从句，是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法（使用非限制性定语从句，是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法（P 18）.13 第第 1111 讲讲同位语从句和定语从句同位语从句和定语从句.13 第第 1212 讲讲定语从句与易混句型定语从句与易混句型.15 考点考点 1.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句.15 高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习 考点考点 2.定语从句与地点状语从句定语从句与地点状语从句.15 考点考点 3.定语从句与结果状语从句定语从句与结果状语从句.15 考点考点 4.定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句.15 考点考点 5.定语从句与独立主格结构定语从句与独立主格结构.16 考点考点 6.定语从句与强调句型定语从句与强调句型.16 第第 1313 讲讲定语从句的其它常见考点定语从句的其它常见考点.16 考点考点 1.先行词与定语从句隔离先行词与定语从句隔离.16 考点考点 2.one of, the one of, the only one of.16 考点考点 3.what 不能引导定语从句不能引导定语从句, one 作同位语作同位语.17 考点考点 4.Is this school the one 与与 Is this the school .17 写作专练写作专练 4.综合运用本章所学定语从句内容（综合运用本章所学定语从句内容（P 18）.17 第二部分第二部分 专题过关测试专题过关测试.17 第三部分第三部分 写作能力提升写作能力提升.19 写作专练写作专练 1.as 做关系代词很有用（参看做关系代词很有用（参看 P5 考点考点 1 ）.19 写作专练写作专练 2.as, which 引导非限制性定语从句（参看引导非限制性定语从句（参看 P10 考点考点 2 ） .19 写作专练写作专练 3.使用非限制性定语从句，是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法（参看使用非限制性定语从句，是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法（参看 P 10 考点考点 1）.20 写作专练写作专练 4.综合运用本章所学定语从句内容，翻译下列句子（参看综合运用本章所学定语从句内容，翻译下列句子（参看 P 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引 用源。 ）20 写作专练写作专练 1.20 定语从句定语从句 第一部分第一部分 考点精讲精练考点精讲精练 第第 1 讲讲相关概念相关概念 考点考点 1.主句、从句、关系词主句、从句、关系词 主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句 后的部分，是句子的主句。 定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词 或代词，相当于主句的一个定语 先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它 总是出现在定语从句的前面。 关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关 系代词和关系副词。 关系词的三个作用 1. 作定语从句的一个句子成分。 2. 起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看 P 错误！未定错误！未定 义书签。义书签。Error! Reference source not found.） 。 3. 代指被修饰的先行词。 考点考点 2.关系代词关系代词 指人时可以用 who, 也可用 that。 Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate? The man who/that was killed in the accident is Toms uncle. 指物时可以用 which, 也可用 that： I like visiting places which/that are not far away. How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday. whose 可以指人也可以指物 He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in his life time. The dog whose tail is very short is my neighbors. 关系代词作宾语时可以省略： I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night. Do you know the boy who/whom/that/() we talked about just now? 注：（）表示关系代词省略 考点考点 3.关系副词关系副词 关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间， where 指地点，why 指原因，how 不能作关系词。 例如： We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. This is the way how I did it. (how 不能作关系词) 基础过关：基础过关： 1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。 The man / was here yesterday is a painter. The man / / / I saw is called Smith. A child parents are dead is called an orphan. Id like a room window looks out over the sea. A letter / is written in pencil is hard to read. The letter / / I received from him yesterday is very important. That is the boy / / / you are looking for. Do you know the reason he was late for the meeting. This is the school I used to study. I still remember the day we met for the first time. 2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和 关系词： 主句：_ 定语从句：（ ） 先行词： 先行词 关系词： 例：This is the book (that I have been looking for). The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. Have you bought which the book we talked about I still remember the day which we spent together last week. He still lives in the house whose windows face south. 高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习 The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. The girl who you met was Johns sister. There is no reason why we shouldnt be friends. They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark. The days were gone when we had to travel on horses. Is this the hospital where you were born? 第第 2 2 讲讲关系词的选择关系词的选择 考点考点 1.选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从 句中做什么成分句中做什么成分 含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从 句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。 选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分， 而不是看先行词是什么词性。 1. He worked in the factory which produces TV sets. 2. He worked in the factory where his father had worked. 3. I like the school which is near to my home. 4. I like the school where my sister studies. 在句 1 和句 2 中，先行词前都有 in, 但关系词有用 which 也有用 where 的； 在句 3 和句 4 在，先行词都是 the school, 但关系词 有用 which 也有用 where 的。 因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并 不是先行词。 在句 1 和句 3 中，关系词在定语从句中都是做主语， 因此用的都是关系代词 which 在句 2 和句 4 中，关系词在定语从句中都是做状语， 因此都是用关系副词 where 我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定 语从句中做什么成分。 考点考点 2.选用关系词的方法：一选用关系词的方法：一“找找”二二“还还”三三“替换替换” 1. 找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词（参 看本章第 1 讲） 2. 还：根据先行词提供的意思，大胆的把定语从句 还原为完整的一句话， （可以添词） 3. 替换：用关系词替换关系词还原后的部分，做主 语和宾语用关系代词，做状语用关系副词（时间 状语用 when，地点状语用 where, 原因状语用 why） （同初中时做的“对划线部分提问”相似，该 用 what 的时候用成 which/that 即可） 例如： 1. This is the school _ I once studied. 2. This is the school _ is the most famous in the city. 3. I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English. 找：（略） 还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还 原成完整的一句话后分别为： 1. I once studied at the school. 2. The school is the most famous in the city. 3. My father teaches English at the school. 粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的 部分。 替换：根据 “对划线部分提问”的规则，1.和 3.用 where, 2.本该用 what, 在定语从句中该用 what 的要 换为 which/that。 因此，答案为：1.where 2. that/which 3. where 考点考点 3.关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首 【2009 江西】The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案与分析：A 没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C 介词后不能用 that；D 关系词一般不位于句末；而 B 可以看作是关系代词做宾语、放在句首并且省略 了。因此选 B。 利用利用一一“找找”二二“还还”三三“替换替换”的方法选择关系词的方法选择关系词 1.Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why 2.Is this the reason _ he was so careless in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why 3.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what 4.He lives in a village _ is not far from the city. A. which B. where C. what D. whose 5.He lives in the village _ he was born. A. which B. where C. what D. whose 6.In an hour, we travel to places_ could have taken our ancestors days to reach. A where B. when C which D. what 7.In an hour, we travel to places_ we can relax and get refreshed. A. where B. when C. which D. what 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 5 5 8.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 9.The place _he had a good time last Sunday was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 10. Ill never forget the days _ we studied together. A. that B. 不填 C. when D. A and B 11. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. A. that B. 不填 C. when D. A and B 12. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways _ do not do harm to other living things. A. in which B. / C. how D. that 13. Is this the factory _ color TV sets are produced. A. when B. the one where C. that D. in which 14. Is this factory _ color TV sets are produced? A. where B. the one where C. that D. in which 15. This is the factory _ produces colors TV sets. A. where B. the one where C. that D. in which 16. 【2010 福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 17. 【2010 天津】Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 18. 【2011 陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 19. 【2011 福建】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 20. 【2012 江西】By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which Bwhen Cwhat Dthat 第第 3 3 讲讲只能用只能用 thatthat 不能用不能用 whichwhich 的情况的情况 考点考点 1.先行词是先行词是 anything, something, nothing, everything, 等不定代词时等不定代词时 关系代词一般只用 that，不用 which。 1.He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. which B. as C. who D. that 2.Is there anything_ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 3.【2010 全国 2】I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 考点考点 2.先行词是先行词是 all, much，little, none 或先行词被或先行词被 all, much, little, no, any 修饰时修饰时 关系词只能用 that, 不能用 which。 All the people that are present burst into tears. 4.These people once had fame and fortune; now _ is left to them is utter poverty. A. all that B. all what C. all which D. that all 5.The doctor did all _to save the wounded boy. A. what he could B. he could C. everything which he could D. for which he could do 6.There is not much _ can be done. A. that B. which C. what D. how 7.【2010 浙江】_ thats import