定从名从解题方法

名从和定从解题方法一. 什么是句子？A. 首字母大写 B. 末尾有“.！？ 或；”C. 一定的语法结构 D. 清晰完整的意思 (含语气等) 二什么是从句? 1定义：一个句子在另一个句子中充当形容词、名词、或副词使用，这样的句子叫从句。 2特征：1 必须句首有关联词 2 必须在句法结构上同主句一样完整正确3 语序为陈述语序（即主语在谓语前） 3例句： (一). 简单句 1 I know it. 2 I know the place referred to. 3 I put the money there/ in the house. 4 The house is known to all. 5 She came from Nanjing. 6 That is Shanghai. (二). 复合句(上面简单句的相关成分被换成了从句)1 I know where he lives. 2 I know the place where he lives. 3 I put the money where he lives. 4 It is known to all where he lives. 5 She came from where he lives. 6 That is where he lives.三运用1和2的概念来解下面的题 1It _ hot, wed better have a swim. It _ hot, so wed better have a swim. It _ hot; wed better have a swim. A. is B. be C. being D. been2. He has eight boys, three of _ studying here. He has eight boys, three of _are studying here. He has eight boys, and three of _are studying here. He has eight boys; three of _are studying here.A. them B. whom C. who D. they 3. _leaves the room last should turn off the lights. _leave the room last should turn off the lights. _ leaves the room last is very obvious. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who E. Those who4. _is obvious that he doesnt want to see you. _is obvious, he doesnt want to see you. _is obvious is that he doesnt want to see you. A. It B. As C. what D. how E. why 5. (1)Is this house _ my father once lived in? (2)Is this the house _ my father once lived in?(3)Is this house the one _ my father once lived? (4)Is this the house _ my father once lived?(5)Is this house _ my father once lived?(6)Was it in this house _ my father once lived?A. the one B. which C. where D. that E. X 6. (1) _ to the left, and youll see the bus stop. (2) _ to the left, youll see the bus stop.(3) _ down the radio-the babys sleeping in the next room . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. If you turn四高考考什么： 从句的关联词的判定五三大从句关联词的特征 名从：三类：1. that 不做成分,无疑意,不可省(只在引导第一个动词宾从时可省) 2. whether不做成分,有疑意,不可省(if只用于宾从且不与or not 连用) 3. wh+ 和how系列 做成分 定从: 二类: 1. 关代: _后从句不完整（即缺主宾表定和介宾成份之一） 2. 关副: _后从句完整（即不缺主宾表定与介宾）六. 难点: 1. 能否根据句意及句子结构将复合句定出来-是否是复合句, 若是,是哪种从句 (概念把握准确到位否,是关键) 2. 当定下来是哪一从句后,具体关联词是哪一个,关联词相互间的区别及各自独特的功用 (记住这些关联词区别及各自独特功用是最后解题成败之关键)七. 从句解题入手方法(一般解法) 1. 看_后的从句是否完整(根据五个基本句型中的主宾表定缺否及所要表述的语意) 2. 若不完整,则从句关联词为名、代、形容三大类词 若完整，则从句关联词为副词、连词 3据句意及关联词区别及各自独特功用，判定到具体哪个关联词 以定从为例(从定义到解题到注意事项)定语从句1 概念: 以从句的形式出现来修饰限定(限定性)或补充说明(非限定)名词或代词的结构叫定 语从句,或叫形容词性从句.2 功能: (一个名词短语中的)修饰限定语.3 构成: 由关系词引导而成.4 位置: 位于被修饰的名词或名词成分之后.5 关系词的分类: 关系代词和关系副词.6 关系词的功能: 1)替代先行词在从句中充当成分; 2)引导从句,连接主句和从句. She has two sons, both of _ are in the university. A. them B. whomWe sing highly of the sun that rises east every morning.7 关系代词: 物 which/that/as 人 who/whom/that 物主whose(先行词+whose+n) 关系副词: 时间 when 地点 where 原因 (the reason) why 关系词的选择问题(解题): 1) 判断从句中是 否缺了主干部分(主,宾,表,定，介宾), 缺了就填入关系代词把句子补充完整,不缺就填关系副词. 2) 把先行词还原到它本来在从句中的位置. 3) 关键在于判断从句中的谓语动词是不是及物.I miss the days _ we spent together last year. I miss the village_ I was born. I miss the village_ I came to the city from. I miss the village_ I lived in 10 years. I miss the village_ I lived 10 years. I miss the village_ I visited last year.8 关系代词在从句中的主干成分问题: 1) 主语: Do you know the girl that/who is talking with the director? 2) 宾语: I like the flowers（which/that）you bought for me very much. 3) 表语: He is not the man that he was 3 years ago. 4) 介宾: The window （which/that）I often watch the sea out of was made by my dad.9 有时尽管先行词是物,但我们只能用which/that 中的一个. 只用that的情况:1)关系代词是不定代词all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one etc. We should do all _ is useful to the people. There is nothing_ can be said about it. Do you mean the one_ was bought yesterday.2)先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, just, very等修饰时 The only thing _ we can do was to wait. You can take any seat _ is free. This is one of the books _ I bought yesterday. He is the only person that/(who) I want to talk to .3)先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时 When we talk about Hangzhou, the first _ came to our mind is the Westlake.4)先行词是最高级或被最高记级修饰时 This is the best _ we can be done now.5)先行词既有人又有物The director and his movie _ you have just talked about is really popular.6)主句是there be结构 There is still a seat _ is free.7)在双重从句中,其一已经用了which,另一个用that He built up a factory which produced things _ had never been seen before.8)先行词是主句表语,或关系词本身是从句表语 My hometown is no longer the place _ is used to be.9）当句中已有who时，为避免重复。例如：Who is the man that is talking to John?10）用作关系代词，修饰表示时间的名词如day, time, moment等，代替when。例如：It happened on the day that/when I was born. 只用Which的情况:1) 介宾结构中: Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?2) 非限定性定语从句中: His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.3) 双重从句中,其一已用了that,另一个用which4) 当关系代词后带有插入语 Here is the book which, as I have told you, will help you a lot.10 当先行词是人,只选who情况1) 先行词是(the)one,(the) ones, anyone, those，he, ect. Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.2) 在there be结构中 There is a gentleman who wants to see you.3) 当先行词后有较长的后置定语I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.11 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别 限定性: 限定先行词的意思和范围,不可省,和主句关系密切 非限定: 对先行词进行补充说明,可省,和主句用逗号隔开.12 考试重点难点:1) 先行词是时间或地点名词时注意关系代词和关系副词的选择.（按所做成分定）2) which和that的选择及who和that的选择3) 非限定从句中who/which as/which的选择4) 一些复杂结构:A 介词或介词短语+which/whom/whose+n. I will remember your kind words, from which I find my belief.I must say thanks to you, from whom I have learnt a lot. I miss the cottage, out of whose window I used to watch the sea.B 数词 one, two, three etc 代词 a lot, a number, many, much, all, either, neither, each, several, some, few, little, most The old lady had two sons, both of whom were killed in the war. I have many books, few of which are in English. The old lady, both of whose sons were killed in the war, lives a lonely life. C what引导的名词从句和that引导的定语从句 what= the things (that)=all the things (that) she did what she could to help her son. She did all (that) she could to help to her son. What I have are books. =All the things I have are books.=The things that I have are books.D 关系副词和介宾结构的区别: 后者更明确,对介词的要求很严格.I remember the day when I met her. I remember the day on which I met her.E 一些易错问题: 在定语从句中加了多余的宾语: Some of the boys I invited (them) did not come. 定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式: She is one of the teachers who speak French. She is the only one of the teachers who speaks French. 省掉了在从句中作主语的关系代词: Children who/that eat a lot of sugar get bad teeth. 定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词: The house where he lives in needs repairing.5)which 和 as 作关系代词引导非限制定语从句，其先行项是主句或主句的谓体部分的情况。 whichThey say he plays truants, which he doesnt. Things then improved, which surprises me.Jack exploded a firecracker during a lesson, as a result of which he was suspends from school for a week.The plane may be several hours late, in which case theres no point on our waiting.She has married again, which was unexpected.Which引导的从句只能置于主句之后。.asAs作关系代词引导的从句可以置于先行项-即它所依附的主句-之前，之后，或其间主语之后，用逗号隔开。译作“正如。”，表同主句一致的真实性，从句常是以下形式：As everybody knows/As you may remember/As you say/As I can see/As I have saidAs Im told/As you may have heard/As is said above/As is mentioned aboveAs is reported in the newspaper/As is often the caseAs在从句中作宾语，表语或主语（这时谓动只能是be 动词或其它系动词）Jane , as you said/ as was said, is a liar. As you said/ as was said, Jane is a liar.Jane is a liar, as you said/ as is said.She is extremely popular among the students, as is common knowledge.She has married again, as was natural./was expected.She has married again, which delighted us. （as 不作动作动词的主语）She has married again, *as was unexpected. which was unexpected. (与主句意义不一致) 2004年全国高考定语从句练习1. （全国卷23题）The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which2. （北京卷34题）_ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What3. （广西卷28题）The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which4. (湖南卷23题) I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. how B. which C. where D. that 5. （吉林卷23题）There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that6. （天津卷23题）Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , _ , of course , made the others envy him . A. who B. that C. what D. which7. （江苏卷33题） _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As8. （浙江卷35题）Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. what D. which9. （上海卷40题）A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. when B. where C. what D. that10（辽宁卷35题）The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80% _are sold abroad . Aof which Bwhich of Cof them Dof that 11（湖北卷23题）There was _ time _ I hated to go to school .Aa; that Ba; when Cthe; that Dthe ; when 12（湖北卷25题）There are two buildings , _ stands nearly a hundred feet high . Athe larger Bthe larger of them Cthe larger one that Dthe larger of which 13（湖北卷29题）What surprised me was not what he said but _he said it . Athe way Bin the way that Cin the way Dthe way which 14. （上海卷36题）American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 15.（北京卷26题） George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real nameB. what his real name C. his real nameD. whose real name Key 1-5CBACA 6-10DDDDA 11-15BDADD练习1. (1)Tom got the first place, _ made his parents happy.(2)Tom got first place, and _ made his parents happy.A. as B. which C. that D. this2.(1)_ is well known to all, the earth is round.(2)_ is well known to all that the earth is round.A. That B. with C. It D. As3. (1)_ knows the truth will tell you about it, I think.A. Who B. That C. No matter who D. Whoever (2)Dont trust him, _ he says.A. what B. no matter what C. whatever D. B and C4. Which is the restaurant _you once worked in your spare time?A.whichB.in which C.for whichD.in where5. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of _hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A.theseB.those C.thatD.which6. Do you like _he speaks to you?A. the wayB. the way in that C. the way whichD.the way of which7. The story brought the hours back to me _I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A. untilB. which C. during whichD. where8. The science of medicine，_ progress has been very rapid lately，is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.to which B.in which C.whichD. with which9. Alec asked the policeman _he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A.with himB.whoC.with whomD.whom10.We are living in an age _many things are done on computer.A.which B.that C.whose D.when11.The gentleman _you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.whoB.about whomC.whomD.with whom12.She likes to use words _are clear to him.A.of which the meanings B.meanings of which C.whose of meanings D.meanings of whose13.Gone are the days _the working people suffered from cold and hunger.A.on thatB.at which C.whenD.with which14.Is there a shop around _I can get some fruit?A.whichB.where C.itD.what15. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. as D. it16. He is a man _ we can learn very much. A. of whom B. that C. of who D. from whom17. Have you seen the film Titanic, _ leading actor is world famous? A. its B. its C. whose D. of which相似结构(注意分析练习)：1（1）There are two boys in Peters，both of whom are white （2）There are two boys in Peters，and both of them are white 2（1）This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet （2）This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet 3（1）John is one of the students who know English （2）John is the only one of the students who knows English （3）One of the students knows English 4（1）Here is such a heavy stone as I cant move （2）Here is such a heavy stone that I cant move it 5（1）As is known to us all，the light on the earth is given by the sun （2）It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun 6（1）The sun is bigger than the moon， as we all know （2）The sun is bigger than the moon，and we all know it7（1）Was it October 1，1949when the Peoples Republic of China was founded？ （2）Was it on October 1，1949that the Peoples Republic of China was founded？ 8（1）Ill never forget the days thatwhich I spent with him （2）Ill never forget the day when I was born 9（1）He failed in the exam again，as was expected （2）He failed in the exam again，which was not what he had expected （3）He failed in the exam again，which made his parents angry 10（1）I believed the man who I thought was honest （2）I believed the man whom I thought to be honest 11（1）On may 5we reached Beijing， where we stayed for a week （2）On may 5we reached Beijing， and there we stayed for a week 12（1）Give me the reason why you are late （2）The reason that he gave us was unacceptable 13（1）The news that he told me is true （2）The news that he will come back from the USis true 14（1）The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired （2）The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired 15（1）This is the same key as I lost yesterday （2）This is the same key that I lost yesterday 16. （1）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.（2）Who robbed the bank is not clear.17. （1）He failed in the exam again，as was expected （2）He failed in the exam again，which was not what he had expected （3）He failed in the exam again，which made his parents angry八名从高考题练析1（02上海）Theres a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is -not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what 2. （02上海）Perseverance is a kind of quality-and thats _it takes to do anything well. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. (04福建) It was with great joy _he received the news that his lost daughter has been found. A. because B. which C. since D. that 引申1) It was at 8:00 _ he came here. 2) It was 8:00 _ he came here.3) Its 8 hours _ he came here. 4) Itll be 8 hours _ he comes here.5) Its the 8 th time _ he _ (come) here.6) Its time _ he _ (come) here (every day).7) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. (04. 福建) A. that B. before C. when D .since E. what4. （高考示例题）（91高考）（引申）Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ hen or she wants .A . however B . whatever C. whichever D . whenever引申 复合关系词what whatever whichever whoever whomever1.(01 .全国) A computer can only do _ you ordered it to do . A .what B. which C. that D. after 2._ you do has nothing to do with me. A. No matter what B. How C. Whatever D. However 3 .Good students always pay attention to _ the teacher says in class. A .when B. why C .what D .how 4 .That warmhearted woman often helps _ is in trouble. A .who B .whom C .whomever D .whoever 5. -Can I sit in the front row?-Yes, you can take _ seat you like. A .whatever B .what C .whichever D .which 6 .（04沪春）The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. A .as B .which C .what D .that 5. -Does he like to have tea or coffee ?-It is unknown _she would like to have . A. how B. as C. that D. which 6 Its known to us _ there is pollution ,there is harm . A . that B . where C . what D . that where7 (04.大联考) A mans worth lies not so much in _ he has but _ he is . A .what ,who B . what , what C . that ,that D .what ; all 8. Loudon city is not at