冠词和数词 讲解,练习(附答案).doc

定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有那（这）个的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1）特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine. 2）上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house.Ive been to the house.3）指世上独一物二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollarthe fox；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich; the living。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面： Where do you live?I live on the second floor.。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking 6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体： They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前：She caught me by the arm. 8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前： the Peoples Republic of China the United States 9）用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano. 10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 11) 用在惯用语中： in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening),the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water，field，country)in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,in the middle (of),in the end,on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre零冠词的用法1) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；They are teachers. 3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failure is the mother of success. 4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；Man cannot live without water. 5）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to Friday. 6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词； The guards took the American to General Lee. 7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如：have breakfast，play chess 8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；I cant write without pen or pencil.9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus，by train； 10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义； go to hospital去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)11)不用冠词的序数词；a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last冠词与形容词+名词结构1) 两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。 He raises a black and a white cat. 2) 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。 He raises a black and white cat. 冠词位置1) 不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a. 位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half， I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot d. 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后： Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snake 当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。2) 定冠词位置 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。 All the students in the class went out.数词一、基数词1）基数词写法和读法： 345three hundred and forty-five；2）基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数： a. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连 用，如scores of people 指许多人； b.在一些表示一排或一组的词组里； 如：They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了。 c. 表示几十岁；in his thirties d. 表示年代，用 in +the +数词复数； e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.二、序数词序数词的缩写形式： first-1stsecond-2ndthirty-first-31st三、 数词的用法1）倍数表示法 a. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。 b. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length) of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。 c. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.2）分数表示法 构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数词用复数： 1/3 one-third ； 3/37 three and three-sevenths.数量表示法1. 表示长、宽、高、面积等，用基数词+单位词（meter，foot，inch，kilogram等）+形容词（long，wide，high等）表示，或者用基数词+单位词 + in + 名词（length，width， height， weight等）表示。two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽This box is 2 kilograms in weightThe city wall of Xian is 12 meters wide and 12 metershigh2. 表示时间、距离时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。five minutes walk1. You are _ shame to your family while he is _ honor to his family.A. an , an B. a , an C. an , a D. a , a2. _ Europe and _ America are separated by _ Atlantic Ocean.A. / , / , the B. the , the , the C. / , / , /D. the , the , /3._ terrible life people in the small island lived at the time?A. What B. How C. What a D. How a4. Things of _ kind come together; people of _ kind fall into _ same group.A. the , the , the B. a , a , the C. the , the , a D. a , the , the5. My father is ill. He is still in _ hospital. Im going to _ hospital to see him. A. the , the B. / , / C. / , the D. the , /6. Pay special attention to the idioms of _ English language.A. the B. some C. an D. /7. My mother and I wanted to se a new play, but we werent be able to get the tickets for _ two of us.A. /. B. the C. among D. between8. You missed _ “r” when spelling the word “horror”.A. the B. a C. an D. /9. She pulled the boy by _ arm and gave him a hint that she didnt want him to tell _ truth.A. the , the B. his , the C, the , / D. his , a 10. Out rushed the soldier, _gun in _hand. A. the , a B. a , the C. the , the D. / , /11. He has turned _ writer = He has become _ writer.A. a ; a B. / ; / C. a ; / D. / ; a12. _ Beijing University dates back to 1898, in _ Qing Dynasty.A. / , / B. / , the C. The , the .D. The , / 13. He is _ older of the two brothers.A. a B. an C. / D. the 14. Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.Aa ; the Bthe ; the Cthe ; a Da ; a15. What _ fine weather we have today!Aa B/ Csome Dan16. _ Himalayas is_ highest mountain in_ world.A/ ; the ; / BThe ; the ; the CA ; a ; a D/ ; / ; / 17. They each have_ book. Li Huas is about_ writer. Wang Lins is on _ science.Aa ; a ; / Bthe ; / ; the C/ ; the ; / Da ; the ; a18. _ Physics is_ science of matter and energy.AThe ; / B/ ; / C/ ; the DA ; a19. _ sun rises in_ east and sets in_ west.A. A ; an ; a BThe ; / ; / CThe; the ; the DA ; the ; a20. They were at _ dinner then. It was_ delicious one.Aa ; the B/ ; / C/ ; a Da ; a21. Im sure that he will be back in _.A. a day or two B. one day or two C. a or two days D. one or two day22. He served the army in _, when he was in _.A. 1980s , his twenties B. 1980s , the twenties C. the 1980s , his twenties D. the 1980s , the twenties 23. Every few _ along the Great Wall there are some watch towers.A. hundred metres B. hundreds metre C. hundreds of metre D. hundred of metres24. She went to the market and bought three _ eggs and some _.A. dozen, meats B. dozens, meat C. dozens, meats D. dozen, meat25. He wrote a _ report yesterday morning.A. a one-thousand-words B. a one-thousand-word C. an one-thousand words D. an one-thousand-word26. With the help of the German experts, the factory produced _ cars in 1993 as the year before.( 1994上海) A. as twice many B. as many as twice. C. as twice as many D. twice as many27. Mr. Smith _ me to buy several _ eggs for the dinner. (1994上海) A. asked, dozen. B. suggested, dozens of. C. had, dozen. D. persuaded, dozens28. Paper produced every year is _ the worlds production of vehicles.(1998上海) A. the three times weight ofB. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy asD. three times as heavier as29. It is not rare in_ that people in _ fifties are going to university for further education.(1999上海) A. 90s, theB. the 90s, /C. 90s, theirD. the 90s, their30 _of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.( 2000上海) A. Two fifth, isB. Two fifth, areC. Two fifths, isD. Two fifths, are31 As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land. (2001上海) A. number, hasB. quantity, has.C. number, haveD. quantity, have32. _ people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day. (2001上海) A. Several millionB. Many millionsC. Several millionsD. Many million33. Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. (2002上海春) A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many34. Many students signed up for the _ race in the sports meeting to be held next week(2003上海春) A800-meter-long B800-meters-long C800 meter length D800 meters length 35 He did it _ it took me. (2003北京) A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the timeBACBC ABCAD D BDAB BACCC ACADB DABDC BADAD.2000 2005 年高考题汇编 冠 词1. Most animals little connection with _animals of _different kind unless they kill them for food. （2000全国）（B）Athe ; a B不填 ; aCthe ; the D不填 ; the2. Summers in _ south of France are for _ most part dry and sunny. （2000北京春季）（D）A. 不填; a B. the; 不填 C. 不填;不填 D. the; the 3. The warmth of_ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used. （01全国）（B）A. the; the B. the;/ C. /; the D. /; /4. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. （02全国）【】 A不填；theB不填；anCan;anDthe; the5 Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ.02全国）【】 a highBa higherCthe higherDthe highest6. I dont like talking on telephone; I prefer writing letters. (02北京春季）（B）A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; 不填7. _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (2002上海春) (D) A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting8. An accident happened at _ crossroads a few meters away from _ bank(2003上海春) (C) Aa；a B；a C；the Dthe；9. I earn 10 dollars _ hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003上海) (C) A. a / an B. the / a C. an / a D. an / the 10. We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海) (D) A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush11. Theres dictionary on desk by your side. （03北京春季）（A）Aa; theBa; aCthe; aDthe; the12. When he left_ college, he got a job as _ reporter in a newspaper office. （04天津）(A)A /; aB /; theC a; theD the; the13. The most important thing about cotton in history is part that it played in _ Industrial Revolution. （04重庆）(C)A.不填；不填B. the；不填C. the; theD. a; the14. Tom owns _larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class. （04江苏）(B) A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the15. The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage. （04浙江）(D) A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a16. It is _world of wonders, world where anything can happen. （04福建）(B)Aa ;the Ba; a Cthe ; aD不填；不填17. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discover which completely changed _ mans understanding of colour. （04广东）(B)A. a不填 B. athe C. 不填the D. thea18. For a long time they walked without saying _ word. Jim was the first to break _ silence （04湖南） （B）A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填D. the; 不填19. There was time I hated to go to school . （04湖北） (B)Aa; that Ba; when Cthe; that Dthe ; when 20. When you finish reading the book .you will have better understanding of life . （04辽宁） (D)Aa; the Bthe; a C不填; the Da; 不填21. When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _ hotel; I can find you _ bed in my flat. （04全国I） (A)A the; aB the; /C a; theD a; /22. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 percent off_. （04全国II） (C)A a priceB priceC the priceD prices23. - John, there is_ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. （04全国IV） （A） - Im in _ bath.A a; theB the; aC a; /D the; /24. On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area. （04北京春季）（B）A. the; theB. the; 不填 C. 不填；不填D. 不填；the25. As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid _. （04上海春季）（A）A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours26. It is often said that _ teachers have _ very easy life. ( 05北京卷) (B)A. 不填；不填B. 不填；aC. the, 不填D. the, a27. I knew _ John Lennon, but not _ famous one. （05山东卷）(B)A. 不填；aB. a；theC. 不填；theD. the；a28. I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _ city. I only remember it was _ Monday. （05湖南卷）(D)A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a29. On May 5, 2005, at _World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in mens doubles with _ score of 4: 1. (05江苏卷) (D)A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a30. If you grow up in _ large family, you are more likely to develop _ ability to get on well with _ others. (05江西卷) (B)A/; an; theBa; the; /Cthe; an; theDa; the; the31. If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ fast one. （05全国卷3）(B)Athe; theB不填；aCthe; a D不填；不填32. Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes. （05浙江卷）(C)Aa; a Ban; the Can; a Dthe; a33. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ ride to _ Capital Airport. （05安徽卷） (B)A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D.不填; the34. This book tells _ life story of John Smith, who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. （05辽宁卷）(C)Athe; theBa; the Cthe; 不填Da; 不填35. _ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. would be higher than the number of English speakers by _ year 2090. （05北京春季）（A）A. A;the B. A;不填 C. The;不填 D. The;a 26. Alice is fond of playing _ piano while Henry is interested in list