高中语法介词讲解及练习

介词表时间的介词1 at, on, inat表示“在某一时刻，某一时点”I get up at 6:00 every day. at daybreak在黎明；at noon在中午；at night在夜间；at Christmas在圣诞节期间；at the age of five在五岁时on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. We dont have classes on Sunday. in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上in the 20th century；in 1999；in winter；in September；in the morning/afternoon/evening 2 for, during, throughfor后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用She has been ill for several days.during表示“在期间”I went to France for two weeks during the summerthrough表示“一直，自始至终”They worked hard through the winter.3 from, sincefrom表示“时间的起点”，常见短语“fromto/till”You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. since表示“自从以来（暗示直到现在）He has been away from home since 1973. We have known each other since ten years ago. for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点。如for two hours；since last week4 before, by, till, untilbefore指“在之前”，与after相对Please come before ten oclock.by指“不迟于，到时为止，在以前”We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term. We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term. by后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用till (until) “直到为止”You must wait for him till tomorrow. 在肯定句中，till/until必须与延续动词连用；在否定句中，till/until常与非延续性动词连用I didnt go to bed until 12 oclock. 5 after, in, withinafter表示“在之后”，是before的反义词He got a cancer and died after a year. The meeting will end after 3:00pm. within“在时间之内”I can finish it within an hour. after与in都可表示“在之后”，但after后可跟时间段，也可跟时间点；而in后必须跟时间段。after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时，而in只能用于将来时。Ill arrive in an hour. 表地点的介词1 in, outside, between, amongin在里面She put her book in the desk. outside在外面What did you see outside the hall? between在之间（指二者）The building stands between the park and the small river. among在之间（指多者）“There is a thief among you. ” the policeman shouted to the crowd. among后往往接笼统的人和事物，若需接具体的人或数目时，即使是指多者，也用between，此时一般有and连接，可理解为多者中任何两者之间。Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy. 2 on, above, over, below, under on表示“在上面”，表面相互接触 There is a book on the desk. above表示“在上方，位置高出”，与below相对The Turners live above us. over表示“在正上方”，与under相对。The picture is hanging over the blackboard. below表示“在下方，低于”Her skirt reaches just below her knees. under表示“在正下方”They sat under a big tree, drinking. 3 near, by, besidenear表示“在附近”My home is near the school. by = beside, 表示“靠近，在旁边”，比near距离更近 He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema. 4 in front of, behind, aroundin front of表示“在前面”，指在外部There is a tall tree in front of our classroom. 比较：in the front of表示“在前部”，指在内部There is a red chair in the front of the room. behind表示“在后面”A high building stands behind the village. around表示“在周围，围绕”There are many trees around the village. 5 from, to, for, into, out offrom表示“从”She will fly from Beijing to Hongkong. to表示“到”，指目的地They got to the town very late. for表示“去，向”，指方向或去向The train for shanghai has been away. towards仅指朝着某个方向，不一定是目的地；to指到目的地；for指向目的地，且常用于leave for; start for等固定搭配中into表示“进入”The teacher came into the classroom with a smile. 比较：into由外进入到里面，是动态的；而in是指静态的位置。out of表示“从出来”They pulled him out of the water. 比较：out of是指从里面出来，是动态的；而outside是指静态的位置6 along, across, through, overalong表示“沿着”街、路、河岸等线形物There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the street. across表示“横穿”某一平面，或“横过”某一线形物Pipes carry oil across the desert. Its dangerous to run across the busy road. through指从某物的内部“穿过”It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel. over指“越过”某一障碍物The bear went over the mountain. 7 at, inat指较小的地方，如车站、家等；而in多指在较大地方，如国家、城市、大洲等Please wait for me at the bus station. The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 8 on the other side of, across, overThey live on the other side of/over/across the street. 表方位的介词1 in 表示在某地范围之内 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.2 to 表示在某地范围之外Japan is/lies to the east of China. 3 on 表示与某地相邻或接壤Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 表计量的介词1 at表示“以速度”“以价格”It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. I sold my car at a high price. 2 for表示“用交换，以为代价”He sold his car for 500 dollars. at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数3. by表示“以计”，后跟度量单位They paid him by the month. Here eggs are sold by weight. 表材料的介词1 of成品仍可看出原料This box is made of paper. 2 from成品已看不出原料Wine is made from grapes. 3 in表示用某种材料或语言Please fill in the form in pencil first. They talk in English. 表工具或手段的介词1 by用某种方式，多用于交通by bus by e-mail. 表示搭乘交通工具时，用by时不用冠词，用in时要用冠词I went there by bus/in a bus. 2 with表示“用某种工具”He broke the window with a stone. with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词3 on表示“以方式”，多用于固定词组They talked on the telephone. She learns English on the radio/on TV. 表关于的介词1 of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事He spoke of the film the other day. He thought about this matter yesterday. 2 about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况Can you tell me something about yourself? 3 on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事Its a textbook on the history of china. 表原因或理由的介词1 for表示原因，常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用I am sorry for what I said to you. 2 at指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到而”He was surprised at the news. 3 from指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸等He died from the wound. 4 of指“内在的原因”，如病、饿等The old man died of hunger. 5 with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. He was shaking with anger. 6 by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因Her body was bent by age.She took your umbrella by mistake. 7 because of 表示引起结果的直接原因He retired last month because of illness/because he ill. 8 owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因Owing to the rain they could not come. 9 thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏，多亏”Thanks to John, we won the game. 10 out of表示动机的起因，常译为“出于”He asked the question out of curiosity. 11 through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因The war was lost through bad organization. 表好像或当作的介词1 like表示“像一样”，其实不是Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 2. as表示“作为，以身份”，其实也是He talked to me as a father. as作连词时，可表示“好像”。The work is not so difficult as you imagine. 表支持或反对的介词against反对，for支持，互为反义词Are you for my idea or against it? 11 表除某人某物外的介词1 besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除外，还”Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football.。2 except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”Everyone is excited except me.All the visitors are Japanese except him. (A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用；若与other连用，只能用besidesHe had other people to take care of besides me. (B) except是排除同类；而except for是排除非同类，常在说明基本情况后，从细节上加上修正The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. Exercise：1. _ the science exhibition, the art exhibition was also well designed, A. Except B. Besides C. Beside D. Except for 2. Miss Smith and I keep in touch _ writing often. A. with B. on C. by D. from3. Come and see me _ two or three days time. A. for B. after C. in . D. during4. There were a lot of visitors from Japan _ the foot of the mountain. A. on B. at C. in D. to5. The coffee shop is _ the street. A. on B. across C. in D. to6. His grandfather has been ill _ the last year. A, for B. since C. from D. after7. In this matter, Im sorry that I have to side _ you. A. at B. to C. against D. with8. We normally use the front entrance _ the building but there is another entrance _ the back. A. to, to B. at, at C. to, at D. of, in9. The police have said that there is no connection _ the murders. A. in B. for C. on D. between10. To my horror, I saw,_ my fathers shoulder, a gorilla. A. on B. above C. over D. from11. Everything is changing so fast these days, even young people find it difficult to _the time. A. get hold of B. be covered with C. get along with D. keep up with12. Many good books will be _ the new library. A. added B. added to C. added up to D. added up13. In his speech he _ to the great help the school received from the government.14. A. expressed B. explained C. referred D. whispered14. Its Sarahs birthday tomorrow. Will you _ me in buying a present for her?A. remember B. attend C. share D. join15. Youd better _ a doctor when you are sick. A. send for B. take up C. look up D. turn in16. The teacher told us to _ the book and answer some questions. A. look through, B. look on C. look into D. look up17. Don and Sherry _ the mountains for their vacation. A. called from B. fled from C. headed for D. looked for18. We were warned to _ out for strangers in the neighborhood. A. look B. run C. call D. set19. Im going to a pop concert with Tom. Hell _ me at eight, so I must be ready then. A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up20. Youd better _ your books after reading them. A. put up B. put on C. put down D. put away高考练习1. Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _a stepping-stone to future success. A. to B. for C. as D. by2. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times_. A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many 3. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. A. with B. over C. at D. about4. Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students _ financial aid. A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in face of D. in need of5. I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. A. at B. on C. to D. of6. At the railway station ,the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was_. A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place7. Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams. A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon 8. When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might _ for her, but now all her worries are gone. A. in need B. in time C. in preparation D. in store9. A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little man. A. under B. with C. on D. by10. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave_ the back door. A. for B. by C. across D. out11. Everything was perfect for the picnic _ the weather. A. in place of B. as well as C. except for D. in case of12. Why are you so anxious? It isnt your problem _ A. on purpose B. in all C. on time D. after all13. -When did you last hear _ Jay? -He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _ a time and place to meet. A. of, to B. about, with C. from, with D. from, on14. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank_ a chair. A. on B. off C. into D. to15. -Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? -Because the old one has been damaged_. A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description16. Nowadays a lot of adults go to evening schools _ further education. A. after B. in C. for D. on17. The two sportsmen congratulated each other _ winning