高三一轮复习 Module 5 Unit 1.doc

2010届高三英语一轮复习必备精品Module5 Unit1 Great scientists高考导航 本单元的考点在历年各地考题中多次出现，有的知识点曾经多次考过，如blame一词。本单元语法是非谓语中的过去分词作定语和表语（The Past Participle as the Attribute and the Predicative）。这是高考的重点也是难点，应着重掌握 1.（2002上海卷）I feel it is your husband who_ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame【答案】A【解析】本题考查一些固定短语用主动形式表示被动意义的情况。Sb be to blame for sth表示被动意思“某人因为某事该受到责备或者是某人的责任）”2._for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits(2006年福建) ABlaming BBlamed CTo blame DTo be blamed 【答案】B【解析】本题考查过去分词作原因状语。根据题意可以将原句转换为：“As Alice was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer,she was in low spirits”选择B选项3. It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children.（2009江西） A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查动词短语。根据题意可知应选look into “调查” 4. Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title_ to ordinary people for their contribution to environmental protections.(2006年山东) A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given 【答案】C【解析】本题考查过去分词（短语）作后置定语。选项C可以改为“a title which was given to ordinary people for their contribution to environmental protections.”选择C选项5. Russ and Earl were auto mechanics_ the same pay,but Earl had more ambition(2006年上海) Ato earn Bto have earned Cearning Dearned 【答案】C【解析】本题考查现在分词(短语)作后置定语。现在分词短语“earning the same pay”句中作后置定语，选项C可以改写为：“auto mechanics who earned the same pay”。选择C选项知识网络类别重点内容单元话题How to organize scientific research; contributions of scientists. 重点单词characteristic defeat blame contribute theory scientific examine conclude analyse repeat attend expose absorb valuable blame immediately handle addition instruct contribution movement complete enthusiastic cautious reject view 重点短语put forward look into in addition (to) make sense believe in be linked to apart from be strict with lead to at times work on point of view consist of assist in 重点句型Every time; so as to; only +状语；with的复合结构语法过去分词作定语和表语重难点解读I 重点单词 1. defeatv. & n.打败；战胜【用法解读】defeat sb./sth.击败某人或某事；be defeated被打败了【经典例句】 They were defeated in the football match.他们在足球赛中输了【归纳比较】 1）defeat，beat与win作“打败”解时的区别:beat与defeat的宾语是“人”；defeat的宾语常指“敌人”，在“游戏或比赛”中则用beat；win后的宾语多用game，war，prize等词(注意win的宾语不能是人) 2）作“打”之意时 beat，hit与strike的区别：beat强调“连续地打”；hit表示“打一下”；而strike则表示“一次有力的打击” 【即学即用】用defeat， beat的适当形式填空 1. Finally our army _the enemy. 2. Brazil were _in the final 2-1.(答案：defeated; beaten)3.- Who _ the team from No. 2 Middle school? - Im not sure. Perhaps the team from the nearby county.A. defeated B. won C. beat D. gained(答案：A)2blame v.责备；指责【用法解读】blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for) 应（为）承担责任；该（为）受责备（此处不能用被动语态）accept/bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责任put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.将某事归咎于某人【经典例句】 The children were not to blame.孩子们不应受到谴责。 Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English. 很多孩子害怕说英语时犯错误而受责备 The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶 【归纳比较】：辨析blame和scold：blame 包含责骂之意；scold指唠唠叨叨的“数落” 【高考链接】_ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.(2006年福建卷) A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed （答案：B ）（2002上海卷）I feel it is your husband who_ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame（答案：A ）3. contributev. 捐献；贡献；捐助【用法解读】contribute to 是固定搭配，to为介词，意为“捐献；贡献；把（时间）投入到；给投稿；有助于”【经典例句】 Have you contributed any money to that church?你有没有给那个教堂捐一些钱？He offered to contribute to the Red Cross.他主动向红十字会捐款【归纳拓展】 contribution n.贡献；捐献；投稿 contributor n. 投稿者；捐助者【即学即用】 Some of the most important achievements in physics _their success to these mathematical systems.A. oblige B. owe C. contribute D. devote(答案：C ) 4. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引【用法解读】 1) 吸收（液体，气体，光，声等）2) 汲取，理解（知识等）3) 使全神贯注；吸引（注意等）后常接介词in/by4) 合并（公司等）；吞并。常接介词into5) 承受；经受be absorbed in=put ones heart into专注；聚精会神absorb.from sth 从吸收【经典例句】 Black cloth absorbs light.黑布吸收光线。 Cotton gloves absorb sweat.棉手套吸汗。 So many good ideas! Its too much for me to absorb all at once.这么多好主意！太多了，很难一下子完全吸收The old man was completely absorbed in the book.老人全神贯注地读这本书The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.四周的小城镇已并入这座城市【归纳拓展】absorbed adj.精神集中的absorbing adj.十分吸引人的absorb from sth.从中吸收be absorbed in专心于，全神贯注于 【即学即用】翻译：他发现叔叔全神贯注地读书 _ (答案： He found his uncle was absorbed in reading.)When I went in， they were _ in a heated discussion.A. absorb B. absorbed C. absorbing D. being absorbed (答案： B.)She was so _ in her book that she didnt notice it was raining.A. absorbed B. attracted C. drawn D. concentrated 【答案】A6. conclude v.结束；推断出；决定【用法解读】（1）conclude作及物动词，意为“结束；断定；决定” 例如：conclude a speech/ an argument结束演说/争辩We concluded not to go.我们决定不去（2）conclude作不及物动词，意为“结束；断定；决定” 例如：to conclude（作插入语）最后（一句话）The meeting concluded with The International. 大会在国际歌歌声中结束【归纳拓展】1）conclusion（1）conclusion作名词，意为“结束，结论” 例如：At the conclusion of the ceremony在仪式终了时（2）conclusion相关短语 reach/make/draw/arrive at/come to a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后，总之【经典例句】It is premature to make that conclusion.作出那种结论仍为时过早They showed little inclination to try conclusions with escaping raiders.他们不想再跟落荒而逃的袭击者决个胜负I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句【即学即用】_,Id like to say how much Ive enjoyed staying in your beautiful country. A. To conclude B. To include C. In the conclude D. As conclusion(答案：A )7.expose vt.显露；露出；暴露；揭露；使曝光【用法解读】expose sth. to sb.揭发expose oneself to sbs influence使自己受某人的影响。exposeto“把暴露于之下（之中），使受到作用”be exposed to view暴露无遗，被展示，暴露be exposed to all kinds of weather经受风吹雨打【经典例句】He exposed the plot to the police.他向警察揭发这个阴谋。We expose the goods for sale.我们陈列商品以便推销【即学即用】补全句子：The baby was left_ _ the wind and rain.那个婴儿被离弃于风雨之中。(答案：exposed to)【高考链接】_to the sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.（2002年上海） A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed(答案：C )II重点短语1. put forward 提出(意见、建议)；推荐；提名；将表拨快【经典例句】 He put forward a better plan.他提出了一个更好的计划Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?我推荐你（提名让你）担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？He puts forward several interesting plans.他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划Its an explanation often put forward by our friend.这是我们的朋友经常做出的解释。【归纳拓展】与put相关的其他短语put in打断；插嘴，进港put off 推迟；延期put on 穿；上演put away 放好put down写下put on weight发福put out生产、扑灭【即学即用】补全句子： She is _ _ some proposals for electoral reform. 她为选举制度改革提出了一些建议（答案：putting forward）2. look into调查，了解，研究；朝里面看【经典例句】 He looks into her face with great interest.他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸Lets look into the problem together and figure out a way to solve it.让我们一起来研究这个问题，想出解决的办法【用法解读】look into与ones face/eyes等连用，表示“注视” 【归纳拓展】和look组成的其他短语look around/round/about环顾四周look after照顾；照料look back回头看look back+to/upon/on回顾；回想look down upon俯视；轻视look for寻求；寻找look forward to盼望look on旁观look on/upon.as把看作look out往外看；注意；当心look through透过看；浏览look up抬头看；查阅【即学即用】 The government has set up a working party to _the problem of drug abuse. A. look up B. look on C. look over D. look into (答案; D ) 【高考链接】It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children.（2009江西） A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out （答案：C ） 3. apart from 除之外【经典例句】 Apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher.除了少数的几个缺点外，他是个值得信赖的老师Apart from being too large, the trouses dont suit me.这条裤子不但太大，而且我穿着也不合适【用法解读】 1)from是介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词。2)apart from也可以表示“脱离开” 如：There can be no knowledge apart from practice.没有知识能脱离实践。【归纳比较】 apart from/except for/except/except that /besides/in addition to1）apart from在表“除外（别无）”时相当于besides和except for,但apart from还有“除以外（还）”之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。2）except“除”（不包括其后的宾语），besides“除了还”（包括其后的宾语）。另外，besides还可以作副词“并且，而且” 3）but for表示“如果不是由于”之意（=If it were not for或If it had not been for）。4) in addition to 相当于besides“除之外，还有”（包括除去内容在内）5）except that 后面跟句子，用来表示理由或细节【即学即用】 （1）We go there every day _ Monday. (2) He is a good man _his bad temper. (3) Your article is good _there are some spelling mistakes. (4) _ the cost, it will take a lot of time . (5) _that, everything goes well.(答案：except; except for/apart from; except that; Apart from/Besides; Apart from/Except for)【高考链接】1.I know nothing about the young ladyshe is from Beijing.(2000年上海高考题) A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides(答案：C )2.The suit fitted him wellthe colour was a little brighter.(2000年上海春季高考题) A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides(答案：B)4. make sense讲得通；有道理 【经典例句】 Your story doesnt make sense to me.你编的故事我听不明白It makes good sense to take good care of your health.照顾好你的身体是明智的【用法解读】 如果想表示某人所说的话或提议，没道理、行不通。我们经常说：It doesnt make any sense.【归纳拓展】make sense of 理解；明白 make no sense 没有道理；没有意义 in a sense 就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不是，决非 There is no sense in doing sth.做什么没有道理【即学即用】 No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didnt _to me.A. understand B. make out C. turn out D. make sense(答案: D)【高考链接】I have read the material several times but it doesnt make any _ to me.(上海春季 2005) A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significanceIII重点句型1So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每当（疾病）突发时，总有成千的人死去【句型剖析】 1）本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当”，相当于“when”。 另外，此状语从句中还有一个“there be”结构。2）So many thousands of terrified people died是主句。【归纳拓展】 类似的时间状语归纳：1)each time 每次；每当 2)at the time 在时候 3)any/next/the first/the last time 意为“任何/下一次/第一次/最后一次”4) the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等都可以引导时间状语从句。意为“一就”【即学即用】同义句转换 I gave Mary the money when I saw her. I gave Mary the money _ _ I saw her. (答案：the minute/the moment)2. He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.他对两个关于霍乱为什么能致人于死地的理论感兴趣【句型剖析】 1）how 引导的特殊疑问句是宾语从句。2）he got interested in two theories explaining是主句。3）主句是“主系表”结构：get在此处为系动词，意为“变得；成为”，表示的是动态过程，get ill表示“患病；得病”。通常be+形容词意为“病了；病着”，则表示静态，【归纳拓展】1）在英语中，陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句都可以在宾语从句中充当宾语，但一定要用陈述语气如：I dont know what will happen in future.(由特殊疑问词引导)I wonder whether he lives here.（由whether或if引导）He told that he was very sad at that moment.（由that引导，that可以省略）2）和系动词get组成的常见搭配有：get lost(迷路)；get married(结婚)；get used to(习惯于)；get tired(累了)；get dressed(穿好衣服)；get angry(发怒)，等等【高考链接】Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.(NMET 1998)A. payB. paying C. paid D. to pay（答案：C）3. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳作为（太阳系）的中心，其他星球的运动才讲得通【句型剖析】 1）if 引导状语从句表“只有”。2)only 放在句首用来加强语气。3）以only引导的短语作状语或状语从句放在句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要部分倒装。如：Only by working hard can we succeed.只有通过努力工作，我们才能取得成功【归纳拓展】 1）only 后如果后续的不是状语时句子不倒装，切忌！如：Only with him,she can do it well.她只有和他合作，才能把它做得好。2）倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种：全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前；部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。如：Then came the chairman.（全部倒装）Never have I seen such a performance.（部分倒装）【即学即用】翻译 只有用这种方法才能改善你的发音 _(答案：Only in this way can you improve your pronunciation.)【高考链接】1）Only when I left my parents for Italy _ how much I loved them. （2008重庆，26）A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize(答案：D)2）._ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. （2008江苏，32）A. only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will(答案：A)3）. It was announced that only when the fire was under control _ permitted to return to their homes. （2008江西，31）A. the residents would be B. had the residents beenC. would the residents be D. the residents had been(答案：C)4. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转 【句型剖析】 with the planets going round it是with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。【归纳拓展】（1）With + n./p ron. + 介词短语 He sat there with a smile on his face.(2) With + n./pron. + 副词 With Mr Smith away, weve got more room.(3) With + n./pron. + 不定式 With so much work to do, he could not go home.(4) With + n./pron. + 现在分词 The street was quiet with no buses running.(5) With + n./pron. + 过去分词 In came a man with his hands tied back.(6) With + n./pron. + 形容词 He wrote a shirt, with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 注意：with的复合结构可以译为“随着”，因此可以转换为以as引导的状语从句【即学即用】句型转换 1.With the sun rising, the day gets hotter. _, the day gets hotter.(答案：As the sun rises)2._our food _, we had to walk to a village for help.（成都毕业班第一次诊断试题） A. Since; runs out B. Because; run out C. With; running out D. For; running out (答案：C)3. -You should have prepared your speech for the meeting , Mrs Smith . -Yes, I know .But how could I _the meeting date fixed so soon .（2005东北三校联考） A. while B. as C. after D. with(答案：D)4._ more and more forests damaged ,some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out .(2005石家庄市高三调研试题） A. As B. For C. With D. By(答案：C )【高考链接】1.(NMET.2000) _ production up by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through (答案：C )2. (Beijing. 2004) _two exams to worry about , I have to work really hard this weekend. A. Besides B. With C. As for D. Because of (答案：B ) IV 语法聚焦过去分词作定语和表语（The Past Participle as the Attribute and the Predicative）分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词一般有被动和完成两大特征过去分词的定语和表语功能定语表“完成”或“被动”boiled water开水fallen leaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳selected apples 精选苹果spoken English英语口语iced beer冰镇啤酒cooked food熟食fried chips炸土豆条单个的过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词语之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面Hurry up，there is only a little time left.快点，时间不多了。If you wish everything changed，please say so.你如果希望改变一切，请说明。过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句Near the window，there is a bookshelf filledwith many books(=which is filled with many books).靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was broughtup by me)has begun to work now.由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。表语当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)On the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面70%是被水覆盖的。(状态)I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.敲门声使我大为吃惊。(动作) 单元测试一、单词拼写(须用本单元的单词和词汇)1. This new e _for the car works well.2. She has a strong c_.3. The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the s_farming.4. The doctor had my eyes e_for weakening.5. The meeting c_at eight oclock.6. They were d _ in their attempt(企图)to reach the top of the mountain.7. The little brave girl e _ the crime(罪行)of the criminal(罪犯).8. He was a_in the book.9. He b _ me for my negligence(疏忽大意).10. I think you are too s_ on the boy.11. He finished his work in a_(积极的) way.12. We must try to _(分析)the causes of the strike.13. He became_(狂热的) about classical music.14. He has_(完成)the whole job already.15. In the factory the workers_(纺成线)wool into thread.16. Be c_when you cross the street.17. You should not r_the invitation from your old friend.18. What is your v_on Chinese education?19. The police are watching the mans m_secretly.20. The class needs a s_teacher.21. Kind