电路专业术语及英文翻译.doc

Chapter 1 Elements and Laws of Eletrical Circuits电路electrical circuit电路模型Circuit model电源source负载load导线line开关switch电荷electric charge电流current电压voltage电位potential电位升potential rise电位降potential drop电位差potential difference参考点Reference point线性电阻linear resistance磁通链magnetic flux linkage功率power能量energy电阻器resistor电阻resistance电动势electromotive force （e.m.f ）伏安特性u-i characteristicvolt-ampere characteristic电导器conductor电导conductance电感器inductor电感inductance电容器capacitor电容capacitance欧姆定律Ohms Law广义欧姆定律generalized Ohms Law参考方向reference direction电压极性voltage polarity正极positive polarity负极negative polarity开路open-circuit短路short-circuit理想独立电压源ideal independent voltage source实际电压源physical source理想独立电流源ideal independent current source理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source压控电压源voltage controlled voltage source（VCVS）压控电流源voltage controlled current source（VCCS）流控电压源current controlled voltage source（CCVS）流控电流源current controlled current source（CCCS）节点node支路branch回路loop路径path网孔mesh网络network基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoffs current law（KCL）基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoffs voltage law（KVL）闭合面closed surface集总参数lumped parameter集总（参数）电路lumped circuit集总（参数）元件lumped element分布参数distributed parameter分布（参数）电路distributed circuit直流direct current（DC）交流alternating current（AC）有源元件active element无源元件passive element无损电路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistor circuits端钮terminal串联series connection分压voltage division并联parallel connection分流current division等效变换equivalent transformation等效电阻equivalent resistance入端电阻input resistance最大功率传输定理Maximum power transfer theoremY-变换Wye-Delta transformationChapter 3 methods of Analysis节点法node analysis / node voltage method支路电流法branch current method回路电流法loop analysis / loop current method外网孔outer mesh网孔电流法mesh analysis / mesh current method自导纳self admittance互导纳mutual admittance矩阵matrix行row列column参考节点reference node平面电路planar circuit方程equation消去法elimination technique克莱姆法则Cramers rule代入法substitution method运算放大器operational amplifier(op amp)同向输入端noninverting input反向输入端inverting input输出端output等效电路模型equivalent circuit model开环放大倍数open-loop gain闭环放大倍数closed-loop gain入端电阻input resistance输出电阻output resistance线性工作区linear region正向饱和区positive saturation反向饱和区negative saturation同向放大器noninverting amplifier反向放大器inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier / summer积分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振荡self-excited oscillationChapter 4 Circuit Theorems叠加原理superposition theorem齐性原理homogeneity property输入/激励input / excitation输出/响应output / response线性电路linear circuit代数和algebraic sum替代定理substitution theorem戴维南定理Thevenins theorem诺顿定理Nortons theorem二端网络two-terminal circuit开路电压open-circuit voltage短路电流short-circuit current特勒根定理Tellegens theorem功率平衡定理power-balancing theorem互易定理reciprocal theorem对偶原理principle of duality对偶元件dual element对偶图dual graph对偶电路dual circuitChapter 5 Analysis of Op Amp Circuits运算放大器operational amplifier(op amp)同向输入端noninverting input反向输入端inverting input输出端output等效电路模型equivalent circuit model开环放大倍数open-loop gain闭环放大倍数closed-loop gain入端电阻input resistance输出电阻output resistance线性工作区linear region正向饱和区positive saturation反向饱和区negative saturation同向放大器noninverting amplifier反向放大器inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier / summer积分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振荡self-excited oscillationChapter 6 First-order Circuit动态电路dynamic circuit一阶电路first-order circuit一阶微分方程first-order differential equation过渡过程transient process/ transient线性非时变电路linear time-invaried circuit单位阶跃函数unit step function单位冲激函数unit impulse function单位斜坡函数unit ramp function起始条件initial condition起始值initial value换路定则switch law零输入响应zero-input response零状态响应zero-state response稳态响应steady-state response暂态响应transient response时间常数time constant指数函数exponential function冲激响应impulse response阶跃响应step response自由响应natural response自由分量natural component强迫响应forced response强制分量forced component全响应complete response稳态值final value卷积convolution时域延迟time delay换路switching跳变现象jump phenomenon脉冲持续时间pulse duration脉冲重复周期repeating period of pulse Chapter 7 Second-order Circuit常系数微分方程constant coefficients differential equation齐次微分方程homogeneous differential equation二阶电路second-order circuit特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution自然频率natural frequency衰减系数damping factor谐振频率resonant frequency过阻尼情况overdamped case欠阻尼情况underdamped case临界情况critically damped case固有频率natural frequency衰减振荡damped oscillation无损lossless正弦响应sinusoidal response波形waveform复数complex衰减attenuationChapter 8-9 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis复数complex number幅值amplitude / magnitude相位phase相位差phase difference角频率angular frequency周期period频率frequency正弦的sinusoidal初相角initial phase angle瞬时值instantaneous value最大值maximum有效值effective value / root-mean-square valueu 领先 i u leads i by u 落后 i u lags i by 同相in phase反相opposite in phase实部real part虚部imaginary part直角坐标形式rectangular form极坐标形式polar form指数形式exponential form相量phasor参考相量reference phasor旋转相量rotating phasor电压三角形voltage triangle瞬时功率instantaneous power平均功率average power阻抗impedance阻抗角impedance angle阻抗三角形impedance triangle导纳admittance电抗reactance电纳suspectance感性inductive感抗inductive reactance感纳inductive suspectance容性capacitive容抗capacitive reactance容纳capacitive suspectance正弦稳态响应sinusoidal steady-state response时域time-domain相量域phasor-domain瞬时概率instantaneous power视在/表观功率apparent power功率因数power factor (pf)复功率complex power功率三角形power triangle复共轭complex conjugate有功分量active component有功功率active power无功分量reactive component功率守恒定理theorem of conservation of power无功功率reactive power阻抗匹配impedence matching共轭匹配conjugate matching串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel resonance谐振频率resonance frequency品质因数quality factor特性阻抗characteristic impedence频率响应frequency response选择性selectivity选频特性frequency-selection characteristicChapter 10 Magnetically Coupled Circuits耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-inductance磁通magnetic flux线圈coil铁心线圈iron core coil匝数turn耦合系数coupling coefficient变压器transformer空心变压器air-core transformer原边primary coils / windings副边secondary coils / windings引入阻抗reflected impendence理想变压器ideal transformer全耦合unity coupling coefficient全耦合变压器perfect coupling transformer变比turns ratio / transformation ratio自耦合变压器auto transformer多绕组变压器multiple-winding transformer激磁电感magnetizing inductance右螺旋定则right-hand screw rule漏感leakage inductance同名端dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarityChapter 11 Three-phase Circuits对称三相电路symmetrical three-phase circuit三相电源three-phase sources中线neutral line中性点neutral point三相四线制three-phase four-wire system相电压phase voltage线电压line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence负序negative / acb sequence相电流phase current线电流line currentChapter 12 Steady-State Response of Periodic Excitation信号signal周期函数periodic function周期性非正弦激励nonsinusoidal periodic excitation帕斯瓦尔定理Parsevals theorem指数形式的付里叶级数exponential Fourier series付里叶系数Fourier coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波频率fundamental frequency谐波harmonic wave高次谐波higher harmonic频谱frequency spectrum谱线spectrum line线状频谱line spectrum奇次谐波oddharmonic偶次谐波even harmonic奇对称odd symmetry偶对称even symmetry半波对称half-wave symmetry三角形式的付里叶级数trigometric Fourier seriesChapter 15 State Variables Approach状态变量state variable状态方程state equation输出方程output equation状态空间state space列向量column vector特征值cha