英语语法学案---感叹句

广州卓越教育机构一对一 感叹句一、什么叫感叹句感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调。二、感叹句的基本句型【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊！What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊！What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！【说明】 在感叹句中，What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用 an。what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用 what a / an，如：What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊！What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊！What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊！【句型二】How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！How well you look! 你气色真好!How kind you are! 你心肠真好!How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好听!Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊！How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊！【说明】how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，但动词不提前。如：How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成为一名医生啊！How she dances! 她跳得多好啊！感叹句型总结How +形容词+ a +名词+其他成分！How+形容词或副词+其他成分！What +名词+其他成分！What +a+形容词+名词+其他成分！What + 形容词+复数名词+其他成分！What + 形容词+不可数名词+其他成分！请看以下例子：Its an interesting film. 这是一部有趣的电影。What an interesting film it is! 这是一部多有趣的电影啊！Its wonderful weather. 天气很好。What wonderful weather! 天气真好！He did the work carefully. 他做这工作很仔细。How carefully he did the work! 他做这工作多仔细啊！Time passed quickly. 时间过得很快。How quickly time passed! 时间过得真快【难点】 三、注意 （1）要修饰名词的形容词不能是表数量的many， much， little， few，遇此情况要用how，即使它们后面跟有名词： How many books he has！ 他的书真多！ How much money he gave her！ 他给了她好多钱呀！ How little money I have！ 我的钱多么少呀！ How few friends he has！ 他的朋友真少！ 比较：What a little box it is！ 多小巧的盒子呀！（该little不表示数量）（2）有时句中的主语和谓语可以省略： How fast！ 多快呀！ How nice！ 多好呀！ How beautiful！ 多美呀！四、感叹句巧解五法 （1）一找二断三辨四确定：构成感叹句的感叹词有两个：what和how，其基本结构是：1）What名词陈述肯定式：2）How形容词（或副词）陈述肯定式很多初学者常常对该用what还是该用how弄不清楚。如：_cold water this is！AHow BWhat_cold it is！AWhat BHow如果我们采取“一找二断三辨四确定”的方法很快就能确定该选哪个感叹词。“一找”即先找出句中的主语。“二断”就是在句中的名词（形容词、副词等）与代词（或名词）之间断开。例如上面第一句应在water与this中断开（因this是指示代词），断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性，也就是所谓“三辨”，句中断线前的词是water，而water是名词。第四步，就可迅速确定如果是名词就选what。所以第一例句就选B。用这个方法我们会对上面第二个例句作出如下判断：_coldit is！断开线其前cold是形容词，故应填How。上面两个例句是最基本最简单的填空题形式。但只要掌握这个方法，即使再复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。不过还要注意，如果断开后，断线前的那个中心词是单数可数名词，千万别忘了在感叹词与名词间加冠词a（an）。例如：_nice present it is！AHow BWhatCHow DWhat a用上述方法，从present与it之间断开，断线前present是名词，且为单数可数名词，nice又以辅音开头，故选D。（2）“断找去添改”五步法：若把一个陈述句变为感叹句，可以采取这“五步法”。如：The picture is very beautiful断：在陈述句中的谓语动词后将句子断开：The picture isvery beautiful找：划出断线后的中心词是何词类。去：中心词是形容词或副词时，要把修饰该形容词或副词的词去掉。（比如本句中心词beautiful是形容词，修饰该词的是very，变时应去掉very。但须注意，线后如果是名词，名词前的修饰语是万万不能去掉的。添：就是添上感叹词。如果线后的中心词是名词，就添What；是形容词或副词就添How。改：将陈述句句前的大写改为小写，将变为感叹句的感叹词及其修饰的名词部分放在句首，感叹词首写字母改为大写。同时句尾的标点由陈述句的句号改为感叹句的感叹号。据此，上句就变成了：How beautiful the picture is！再如：要把“He is a good student”变成感叹句，可如上法炮制：He isa good student中心词是名词student，a good为修饰student的修饰语，不能去掉，故变成感叹句应选感叹词what，变成：What a good student he is！（3）一断二加三换位：例：1）This is a beautiful flower2）This flower is beautiful“一断”：在谓语动词后将此句划断。1）This isa beautiful flower2）This flower isbeautiful“二加”：在第二部分前加引起感叹句的“What或How”；中心词为名词时加“What”；是形容词、副词加“How”。1）What a beautiful flower2）How beautiful“三换位”：将第一部分与第二部分对换位置。1）What a beautiful flower this is！2）How beautiful this flower is！（4）句型记忆法：因how和what的词性及其在句中的功能不同，由它们引起的感叹句句型可归纳为7种。如果记住这7种句套子，做任何感叹句题都易如反掌。例：从题前A、B、C、D所表示的词或短语中选择正确答案，完成下列各句：A=What B=What a C=What an D=How_pleasant surprise you gave me！_good news we have got！_good a TV set weve bought！_unpleasant experience you had last year！答案依次为BADC。（5）歌诀记忆法：感叹句中what和how的选用，关键看形容词后面是否有名词。如果有，用what（a，an）；如果没有，用how（至于副词，其前永远用how）。记住下面歌诀更方便。what，how如何选？ 先在后面把名词找，若有名词用what， 若无名词必用how。what，how提句首， 其它紧跟别忘了。主谓一起挪最后, 常常可以被省掉。【基础练习】一将下列句子变成感叹句 1. It is quite a nice present. _ _ nice present! 2. We have fine weather today. _ _ weather we have today! 3. Its sunny today. _ _ sunny day it is today! 4. The children are working hard. _ _ the children are working! 5. She played basketball wonderfully. _ _ she played basketball! 6. He is good at singing. _ _ he sings! 7. He was doing well in dancing._ a _ dancer he was! 8. Tom coughs badly. _ _ _ cough Tom has! 9. The fish is very lovely. _ _ the fish is! 10. They live a happy life today. _ _ _ life they live!二选择合适选项( )1. _ a nice watch it is! A. How B. What C. What a D. How a( )2. _ bright girls they are! A. What B. What a C. How D. how a( )3. _ interesting the film is! A. What B. What an C. How( )4. _ sunny day! Lets go out for a walk. A. How a B. How C. What a D. What( ) 5. _ hard work it is! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an( )6. _ day it is! Its rainy again. A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine( )7. _ great day July 1,1997 will be! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What( ) 8. _ expensive trousers! A. What B. What a C. How D. What an ( ) 9. _ girl she is! A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright( )10. _ weather we have today! A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine( )11. _ careless he is! A. What B. How C. So much D. How much( )12. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is( ) 13. Oh, John, _ you gave us! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise( )14. _ useful work they have done! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an( )15. _ nice picture you gave me! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an三、用What或How填空：1. _ a big tree it is! 2. _ big the tree is!3. _ beautiful pictures!4. _ beautiful the pictures are!5. _ high the building is!6. _ big eyes she has!7. _ lovely the ice-cream is!8. _ lovely ice-cream! 【提高题】一、将下列句子改为感叹句.1. Its very cold today. _2. Its a nice dress. _3. They are lovely animals. _4. The man drives very carefully. _5. Its bad weather._6. He cooks very delicious food. _7. They had a good time last Sunday. _8. The girl comes to school so early. _9. He told me important news. _10. We have a very happy family. _11. Mrs. Li found her handbag luckily. _12. The plane flies quite quickly. _13. She is a very careful student. _14. This is an easy problem. _15. Your mother looks very young. _二、用What , What a , What an , How 填空1. _ hot the weather is!2. _hard her father works!3. _long way it is from Guangdong to Paris!4. _fine day it was yesterday!5. _beautiful your voice is!6. _interesting picture-books!7. _lovely baby!8. _strong wind!9. _ sad news he told us!10. _happy she was last weekend!11. _good weather! 12. _nice the garden is!13. _difficult work he did!14. _broken the house looks!15. _ happy life we have!16. _well my deskmate swims!17. _helpful girl she is!18. _delicious mooncakes!19. _dangerous the tigers are!20. _tired you look!三、同义句转换。(How句型和What 句型之间的互换)1. How cold it is today! _2. How nice the dress is! _3. What lovely animals those are! _4. How bad the weather is! _5. What delicious food it is! _6. How important the news he told me! _7. What a happy family we have! _8. How nice the music is! _9. How hard the work is! _10. How naughty her son is! _四、将下列句子翻译成英语.1. 这些衣服真好看！_2. 那些画太贵了！_3. 多丑的娃娃啊！_4. 她的头发真长啊！_5. 他是多么懒惰的人啊！_【课后练习】一、选择最佳答案填空( )1. _ carefully the boy does his homework!A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an( )2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, howB. What, what C. How, whatD. What, how( )3. _ cheap these clothes are! Id like to buy some for my son.A. How B. How an C. WhatD. What an ( )4. _ fools they were! They believed what the girls said. A. How B. How an C. WhatD. What an( )5. _ difficult questions they are! I cant answer them.A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an( )6. I miss you very much. _ I want to see you!A. How B. How an C. WhatD. What an( )7. Oh, _ mistake youve made! Its too bad.A. HowB. How a C. WhatD. What a( )8. _ lovely weather we are having these days!A. How B. How an C. WhatD. What an( )9. _ delicious your supper is!A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an( )10. _ interesting work it is to teach children! A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an二、根据所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：1. The old man walked very slowly._ _ the old man walked!2. The film is very wonderful._ _ the film is!3. Our school looks very beautiful in spring._ _ our schools looks in spring!4. It is a very useful dictionary._ _ _ dictionary it is!_ _ _ dictionary is!5. The students are listening very carefully._ _ the students are listening!一定也有疑问吧！学到了什么?参考答案：【基础练习】一 将下列句子变成感叹句1. What a 2. What fine 3. What a 4. How hard 5. How wonderfully 6. How well 7. What a good 8. What a bad 9. How lovely 10. What a happy二选择合适选项1-5 BACCB 6-10BBACD 11-15BDCAC三、用What或How填空：1. What 2. How 3. What 4. How 5. How 6. What 7. How 8. What 【提高题】一、将下列句子改为感叹句.1. How cold it is today!2. What a nice dress it is!3. What lovely animals they are!4. How carefully the man drives!5. What bad weather it is!6. What delicious food he cooks!7. What a good time they had last Sunday!8. How early the girl comes to school!9. What important news he told me!10. What a happy family we have!11. How luckily Mrs. Li found her handbag!12. How quickly the plane flies!13. What a careful student she is!14. What an easy problem it is!15. How young your moth