高三英语高考二轮专题复习课件： 能力提升篇四 阅读表达新人教版.ppt

1 2009 山东 阅读下面的短文 并根据短文后的要求答题 请注意问题后的词数要求 1 hello it soneofthefirstwordswelearnasbabies yetit soneofthelastoneswethinktouseasadults that sunfortunate becausesayinghelloismorethanjustsayinghello itisrecognitionofanother sworth howmighttheworldchange howmightwechange ifwemasteredthisword tofindout ispentone 四 阅读表达 monthsayinghellotoeverypersonimet here swhati velearned 2 itcanboost 促进 productivity inoneofthefewstudieseverdoneonthissubject allanallday anassistantprofessorofspecialeducationatoklahomastateuniversity hadmiddleschoolteachersgreettheirstudentsindividuallyeachmorning thisexchangeofgreetingsraisedthekids productivity schoolwentfromimpersonaltopersonal andthatresultedinmoreclassparticipationandbettergrades 3 environmentsinfluencefriendliness onestudyfoundthatpeopleinthecitywerelesslikelytoshakehandswithastrangerthanthoseinthecountryside and researcherssay pleasantenvironmentsgenerallyencouragemoresmilesandhellosthanunpleasantones myexperiencewassimilar whateverthereason myurbanhelloswereansweredfarlessoftenthanmyruralones similarly peopleinvacationspots likethejerseyshore werefarfriendlierthanthosehurryingtoworkdowntown 4 it saformofuniversalhealthinsurance it simpossibletosayhellowithoutsmiling andsmilinghasbeenshowntolowerbloodpressure relievestressandboosthappiness apparently asmilecreatesasimilareffectintherecipient 接受者 5 somaybewecanmaketheworldabetterplaceby afteramonthofdoingit ifeellighterandmoreconnectedandihaveabettersenseofwell being 1 whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheadultsaccordingtoparagraph1 pleaseanswerwithin8words adultsarenotwillingtosayhello adultsseldomsayhello 2 whichsentenceinthetextistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone teachersandstudentsgotfriendliersothatthestudentsbecamemoreactiveinlearningandscoredhigherintests schoolwentfromimpersonaltopersonal andthatresultedinmoreclassparticipationandbettergrades 3 fillintheblankinparagraph5withproperwords pleaseanswerwithin5words sayinghellotoeachother greetingeachother sayinghello4 listthreeeffectsofsmilingonhealthaccord ingtothetext pleaseanswerwithin8words 1 loweringbloodpressure 2 relievingstress 3 boostinghappiness5 translatetheunderlinedsentenceinparagr aph3intochinese 不管出于什么原因 我在城里打招呼得到的回应比在乡村少得多 2 2008 山东 阅读下面的短文 并根据短文后的要求答题 请注意问题后的词数要求 1 thewordaddictionusuallymakesyouthinkofalcoholordrugs butinmodern daysocietyweareseeingsomenewkindsofaddic tions somepeoplearecompulsive 难以自制的 shoppers othersfinditimpossibletopullthem selvesawayfromtheirwork stillothersspendcountlesshourswatchingtvorplayingcomputergames 2 overtheyears shoppinghasbecomeaverycommonactivity manypeopleenjoygoingtostoresmoreandmoreeveryday butit smorethanacommonhobbyforsomeofthem theyhaveturnedintoshopaholics theyarepeoplewhosimplyenjoyshoppingandwalkingaroundspendingmoneywithoutbeingabletostopdoingit theyarehookedonshoppingandusuallybuythingsthattheydon tneed eventhoughtheydon thaveenoughmoney theybuyeverythingtheywant 3 thequestionis whydotheyhavethisaddiction thereisn taspecificanswer somepeoplegoshoppingwhentheyaresad worried upsetorlonelyandtheywanttofeelbetter theyusethisactivityasawaytoforgettheirproblems shopaholicssaythattheyfeelmoreimportantandbetteraftertheybuysomething theyalsotendtohavethisaddictionwhentheyfeelguilty 4 shopaholismseemstobeaharmlessaddiction butitcan someofthemcanbepsychological ifthisisthecase peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupportgrouptohelpthembreakthishabit however theprocess likeformostaddictions islong andtheysufferalot itcanalsocausefinancialproblems theyjustthinkaboutsatisfyingtheirfeelings sotheyspendmoneytheydon thave theygetdeepindebt andtheycanevengobankruptandgetsenttoprison 6 listthreeactivitiesthatmightdevelopintoaddictionsbasedonthetext pleaseanswerwithin8words 1 shopping drinking 2 playingcomputergames working 3 watchingtv takingdrugs7 whatisthemainideaofparagraph3 pleaseanswerwithin8words thereasonswhysomepeople shopaholicshaveshoppingaddiction thepossiblereasonsforshopaholism shoppingaddiction 8 fillintheblankinparagraph4withproperwords pleaseanswerwithin6words cause bringabout resultinmanyproblems 9 whichsentenceinthetextistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone accordingly theseshopaholicsshouldturntoacertainorganizationforhelpsothattheycanstopcompulsiveshopping ifthisisthecase peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupportgrouptohelpthembreakthishabit 10 translatetheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2intochinese 他们购物成瘾 而且通常买的都是用不着的东西 他们购物上瘾 常买些不需要的东西 阅读表达题型考查考生用英语理解文章 组织语言 恰当表达的能力 将阅读与写作融为一体 这使考生能够展示个性发展和思维的多样性与开放性 对考生用英语思维和表达的能力提出了更高的要求 试题要求根据一篇不少于200词左右的短文 从不同角度考查五个问题 这五个问题要求同学们在阅读文章的基础上 用自己的语言把所理解的信息 准确无误地表达出来 做此类题应当 一 在阅读文章时 要注意训练概括文章主旨和归纳标题的能力 概括主旨时应首先通读全文 通过阅读 了解作者写这篇文章的真正目的 要准确理解文章大意 把握作者的观点 态度 语气和文章的内容要点 层次结构等 为回答问题做好准备 试题的回答通常要求字数比较少 所以语言要精辟 简洁 答案要符合题干的要求 能概括出文章大意或作者写作意图 关键词往往出现在文章的开头或结尾 也有部分文章需要我们通读全文后才能找到关键词 二 补全句子题是在深刻理解文意及上下文结构的基础上完成的 平时阅读文章时要多关注上下句或段落之间的一些起过渡作用的成分 同时 还要注意问题所在句子的句式结构和语法特征 比如 要看是否符合某种特定的句型 句子中有没有表示并列 转折 递进意义的提示词等 三 针对主观性试题 考生在日常学习中应从语篇理解 作者写作意图揣测等方面入手 注重培养归纳概括能力 可以通过写读后记 读后感或缩写 改写文章等方法进行操练 四 多做些长难句翻译练习 从理解句子结构入手 结合上下文语境 运用多种翻译技巧进行翻译 译文要符合汉语表达习惯 翻译题的答案表述应该遵循如下几条原则 1 忠实于题干 做阅读表达题 审清题干是前提 题干中往往包含了答题的具体要求和一些答题信息 2 忠实于原文 阅读表达题的答案都是根据文章的具体内容设计的 问题的答案在文中都有表述 应该在原文中寻找 切忌脱离原文 凭空回答 3 忠实于语言规则 答案表述要依据题干要求和文中信息作答 做到要点全面 内容精确 用词准确 语言简洁 字数不超过规定字数 忌 隐 晦 曲 忌片面 笼统 烦琐 忌出现语病 主旨概括题以偏概全 叙述不准manypeoplewhoworkinlondonprefertoliveoutsideit andtogototheiroffices factoriesorschoolseverydaybytrain carorbus eventhoughthismeanstheyhavetogetupearlierinthemorningandreachhomelaterintheevening oneadvantageoflivingoutsidelondonisthathousesarecheaper evenasmallflatinlondonwithoutagardencostsquitealottorent withthesamemoney onecangetalittlehouseinthecountrywithagardenofone sown besides inthe countryonecanliveawayhouseinthecountrywithagardenofone sown besides inthecoun tryonecanliveawayfromthenoiseandhurryofthetown eventhoughonehastogetupearlierandspendmoretimeontrainsorbuses onecanhaveabettersleepatnightandduringweekends onsummerevenings onecanenjoythefreshandcleanair ifonelikesgardens onecanspendhisfreetimedigging planting water inganddoingotherjobswhichareneededinagarden whentheflowersandvegetablescomeup onehasachancetosharethesecretsofnature q what sthebesttitleforthispassage plea seanswerwithin10words 考生在做标题归纳题时 往往不知道如何分析材料 无法从繁多信息中筛选出有效信息 得出正确答案 在表述上语言不精炼 叙述繁冗拖沓 模棱两可 不能准确描述出文章大意 解题探究 本文一开始就提出 在伦敦工作的人宁愿早起晚归 往返于伦敦与郊区之间 这个观点 总领了全文 第二段中的 oneadvantageoflivingoutsidelondon besides inthecountryonecanliveawayfromthenoiseandhurryofthetown 以及后面的其他关键信息提示考生 本文主要阐述了住在伦敦郊区 给人们带来的好处和乐趣 因此我们可以得出此题答案应为 whypeopleworkinginlondonpreferlivingoutsideit advantagesoflivingoutsidelondon 英语文章的标题应该简洁明了 在归纳标题时要注意以下几点 1 贵精炼 忌冗繁 2 贵具体 忌抽象 空洞 3 贵达意 忌文不对题 4 贵宏观把握 大处着眼 忌一叶障目 不见泰山 补全句子题脱离语境 想当然地解答it swidelybelievedthatnaturaldisasters agrowingdemandforfoodworldwide coupledwithmarketspeculation 投机买卖 surging 飞涨 oilpricesandtheexpansionofbiofuels arepushingthefoodpriceup theunenvironmentprogramsaidtheplan et swater land air plants animalsandfishwereallin continuousdecline accordingtotheun sworldfoodprogram wfp 57countries include ing29inafrica 19inasiaand9inlatinamerica havebeenhitbyseriousfloods harvests havebeenaffectedbydroughtandheatwavesinsouthasia europe china sudan mozambiqueanduruguay agrowingpopulationalsogreaterdem andforfood accordingtojosettesheeran dire ctorofthewfp thereare854millionhungrypeopleintheworldand4millionmorejointheirrankseveryyear wearefacingthetightestfoodsuppliesinrecenthistory fortheworld smostvulnerable foodissimplybeingpricedoutoftheirreach hesaid accordingtojapan seconomistmagazine aftertheu s subprimemortgagecrisis 次贷危机 ahugeamountoffundshasflowedintothelessriskyagriculturalcommodities 商品 market pushingfoodpriceupalongwithoil goldandothercommodities highoilpricesandthepromotionofbiofuelsinmanydevelopedcountrieshavefurthercausedtheincreaseoffoodprice theexpen siveoilhasraisedthecostoffarmproductioninitsvariousphases suchascropgrowthandproducttransportation biofuelsdirectlyconsumecrops somedevelopedcountrieshaveencouragedtheuseandproductionofbiofuelsinrecentyearsinordertoreducegreenhousegaspollutionanddependenceonoilimports thedirecteffectisthereductionoffoodforhumans pushingthepriceup q pleasefillintheblankinthethirdparag raphwithaproperphrasetocompletethesentence pleaseanswerwithin5words 考生做补全句子题时常犯的错误是忽略上下文语境 没弄清文章层次就匆忙做题 所得答案文不对题或与上下文脱节 另外 考生在答题时 还常常忽略题干中的关于答案词数的限制 导致答案词数过多 解题探究 综观全文可知 自然灾害 不断增长的食物需求 与之相随的市场投机买卖 石油价格的飞涨 植物燃料需求的扩大等使得世界面临日益严重的粮食危机 第一段是概说 其余几段是具体说明 第三段提到不断增长的人口是食物需求扩大的原因 根据空缺处句子的结构可知 此处为句子的谓语部分 表示 导致 带来 之意 故应填contributesto leadsto resultsin 做此类题时应注意 1 准确理解文章大意 把握作者的写作思路 不能偏离主题 2 注意句式 语法结构和文章的层次结构 3 依据文中起过渡作用的词或短语 分析所缺信息及其与上下文的关系 4 注意题干的词数限制 主观性试题词不达意 逻辑混乱anewstudyhasfoundthatafatcellgenemayreducetheriskofcoloncancerinsomepeople thestudyprovideswhatscientistssayisthefirstevidenceofageneticlinkbetweenafatcellgeneandcoloncancer theresearchcouldleadtobettertestsforthediseaseaswellasmeasurestohelppreventit currentevidencesuggestsarelationshipbetweenobesity insulinresistanceandcoloncancerrisk thescientistssaywhattheyhavefoundnowisanareaofagenethatisconnected withthecancerrisk theysaythisareaismostlikelynotthecauseofthedisease buttheythinkitiswheretheconnectioncomesfrom thegeneisinvolvedintheformationofahormonecalledadiponectin somepeoplehavehigherlevelsofthishormoneintheirblood othershavelowerlevels higherlevelshavebeenlinkedwithlowerratesofobesityandinsulinresistance andlowerlevelshavebeenlinkedwithhigherrates thejournaloftheamericanmedicalassoc iationpublishedthenewfindingslastweek boris paschefromthecomprehensivecancercenterattheuniversityofalabamaatbirminghamledtheresearch coloncancerisoneoftheleadingcausesofcancerdeaths everyyearitkillsalmostsixhun dredeightythousandpeoplearoundtheworld anddoctorsfindmorethanonemillionnewcaseseachyear thediseaseishighlytreatableifdiscoveredearly theresearchinvolvedtwostudieswithatotalofaboutonethousandfivehundredpeople thelargerofthetwostudiesinvolvednewyorkersof ashkenazijewishancestry coloncancerismorecommoninjewsofeasterneuropeanancestrythaninthegeneralpopulation theotherstudyinvolvedpeopleofdifferentethnicitiesfromchicago illinois currently intheunitedstates thegeneraladviceisforcolonoscopy 结肠镜检查 testsforcoloncancertobeginattheageoffifty acolon oscopycanfindandremovegrowthsbeforetheybecomecancerous butthetestisinvasiveandcanbeuncomfortable astudylastmonthinthenewenglandjour nalofmedicineexpressedsupportforatestcalledavirtualcolonoscopy itusesx rayandcomputertechnologytosearchforgrowths butcannotremovethem therearestillsomeques tionsabouttheeffectivenessofavirtualcolonoscopycomparedtoatraditionalone butdoctorshopeitmightappealtopeoplewhowouldotherwisenotbetestedatall q doyouthinkthenewresearchispracticalanduseful why pleaseanswerwithin30words 考生解答主观性试题时容易犯以下错误 1 忽视答案的层次性 叙述繁冗 表意不清 2 语言表达不准确 不规范 缺乏逻辑性 3 有时会有语法错误 解题探究 根据题干可知 此题有两问 答案也应当分为两个部分 第一部分回答前面的一般疑问句 第二部分回答具体原因 根据文章第一段最后一句 theresearchcouldleadtobettertestsforthediseaseaswellasmeasurestohelppreventit 及文章后面几段的描述可知 此种研究方式虽然 还存在一些疑问 但是却比以往的有效 而且有助于结肠癌的治疗 所以答案应为 yes ithinkso althoughtherearesomequestionsaboutitseffectiveness itisstillusefulbecausepeoplecanhaveabettertestandtreatmentwithit 做此类题时应注意 1 语言表达要简洁 明了 2 书写要清晰整洁 3 答案应忠实于文章内容 关键信息不能有遗漏 不能凭空增加多余信息 句子逐字翻译 不符合汉语的习惯表达called theschoolofthefuture andcreated withthehelpofsoftwaregiantmicrosoft arecently openedpublicschoolinphiladelphia us isbelievedtobethefirstintheworldtocombineinnovativeteachingmethodswiththelatesttechnology atthisschool studentsworkonwirelesslaptops teacherseschewtraditionalsubjectsforreal worldtopicsandparentscantracktheirchildren sworkontheinternet theschool whichcoststheschoolauthority 63milliontobuild isfreeandhasnoentranceexams the170ninth gradestudentswereselectedatrandomfrom1 500applicants philadelphiaschooldistrictchiefexecutivepaulvallastoldstudentstheywouldbeobservedbyotherschoolsaroundtheworld youhavebecomeinstantrolemodels vallassaid peoplearegoingtobewatchingyou studentsstillsitinclassrooms butlessonsrelyheavilyoninformationfoundontheinternetandoninteractivesoftware studentswillbe allowedtolearnattheirownpace homeworkisdoneoncomputerandsenttotheteachersforgradingandparentscanaccesstheschool snetworktoreadteachers feedbackontheirchildren sprogress traditionaleducationfailstoteachstudentstheskillsofproblem solving criticalthinkingandeffectivecommunication whichtheyneedtosucceedinthe21stcentury principalshirleygroversaidinaninterview it snotaboutmemo rizingcertainalgebraicequations 代数方程式 andthenpresentingtheminatest groversaid it saboutthinkinghowmathsmightbeusedtosolvewaterqualityproblemsorhowitmightbeusedtodeterminewhetherornotwearesafeinphiladelphiafromthebirdflu davidterry 14 saidhewashopingto turnoveranewleaf afterdisciplineproblemsinhispreviousschoollefthimwithan averagetoreallybad academicrecord thisisagreatopportunityforme hesaid inotherschools iwouldnotfindstudysointeresting q pleasetranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthefifthparagraphintochinese 考生常忽视英汉两种语言文化间的差异 用汉语的思维方式 语言习惯和表达方式来理解英语 以致翻译出的汉语句子逻辑混乱 语意含糊 信息缺失 翻译时会碰到某些词在英语辞典里找不到适当的词义 假如硬套或逐词翻译 就会使译文生硬晦涩 甚至会造成错译 这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系 从该词的根本含义出发 采用意译的方式进行表达 解题探究 题目要求翻译的句子含有非限制性定语从句 因此要结合定语从句的翻译方法进行翻译 在翻译定语从句中的关系代词后面的内容时 我们一般将其译成以 这 或 这一点 等开头的句子 所以本句应译为 校长雪莉 格罗弗在接受采访时说 传统教育未能教给学生解决问题 批判性思维和有效交流的技能 而这些是他们在二十一世纪要取得成功所必需的 翻译句子时应注意 1 注重句子结构及语序 2 切勿逐词逐句翻译 3 根据汉语表达习惯对译文进行修改 4 注重对英语中的习惯用法和翻译技巧的掌握 1 2009 淄博二次质检 ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis congratulations youareasurvivor accordingtostatistics youaremorethantwicelikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman andninetimesmorelikelytodieofaids therearemanyreasonsforthis typically mentakemorerisksthanwomenandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutperhapsmoreimportantly mendon tgotothedoctor gullotta aprofessorfromafamousmedicaluniversity saysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo forthoseover45 itshouldbeatleastonceayear twomonthsagogullottasawa50 year oldmanwhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker scoughforayear accordingtoarecentsurvey 95 ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear comparedto70 ofmeninthesameagegroup alotofmenthinktheyareabsolutelystrong gullottasays theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink geez ifitcouldhappentohim thenthereistheostrichapproach somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow saysdr rosscartmill mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies cartmillsays hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck ups cartmillsays regularcheck upsformenwouldsurelyplacestressonthepublicpurse butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases besides theultimatecostisfargreater itiscalledprematuredeath 1 whatisthebesttitleofthepassage pleaseanswerwithin10words mentakemorerisksthanwomeninhealth2 whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone inhisopinion medicalexaminationsinadvancecanhelpsolvesomecommonmalediseases hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck ups 3 fillintheblankinthesixthparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesent ence pleaseanswerwithin10words itcouldhappentome too4 givethreesuggestionsformentokeepheal thy pleaseanswerwithin30words 1 neversmoke 2 haveregularmedicalcare 3 doexerciseeveryday 5 translatetheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphintochinese 男人定期进行医疗检查肯定会对国库造成很大的压力 但从长远来看 疾病预防要比治疗花费少得多 2 2009 青岛二次质检 mostamericanteenagersusedtospendtheirsummervacationsholdingmultiplejobs how ever withtheincreaseingasprices teenagerschosetostayathomeinsteadofgoingoutofthetown iwishthepriceswould theexpenseofdrivingtoplacesisaffectingourdailylife saidaliciastill asenioratenochshighschoolinmodesto california alicia whospenthersummeratherdad shouse saidthattherewouldbenopointingettingajob thedrivetomyworkplaceissolongthatiwouldhardlybemakinganyprofitbecauseallmymoneywouldbegoingtowardgas shesaid teenagersarenowforcedtogiveupthepleasureofdrivingaroundthetownwithoutpurpose insteadofdrivingaroundlookingforsomethingtodo inowfindmyselfplanningthewayinadvancesoidon twastenecessarygas saidstephenmacko astudentatdavishighschoolinmodesto whatkindsofthingsareteenagersdoinginordertoconservegas aliciasavesgasbydoingallofherthingsatonetimesoshedoesn thavetogohomeandleaveagain itrytodoitallinonetripsoidon thavetoalwaysberunningaroundandwastinggas shesaid iknowthatwhenigotolunchwithmyfriends wemakesuretogosomewherenearallofourhousessowesavegas butit shard consideringidriveabigtruck ialsotrytogetaliftfrommyfriendswhentheyaregoingplacesthatiamgoingto saidstephen sometrynottoacceleratetoomuch teenagerswillhavetocontinuechangingtheirlifestylesunlessthepriceofgasdecreases however thatmightnotbeabadthing 1 whatisthebesttitleofthispassage pleaseanswerwithin10words highgaspriceschangeteens lifestyles2 fillintheblankinthesecondparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesent ence pleaseanswerwithin7words godown decrease aslowasbefore3 translatetheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph5intochinese 青少年现在不得不放弃驾车毫无目的地围着市区转圈的消遣方式 4 findasentenceinthepassagetoreplacethefollowingone someteenagersavoidspeedingupwhendriving sometrynottoacceleratetoomuch 5 listoneexampleofwhatsometeenagersdotosavegas stephentriestogetaliftfromhisfriends 3 2009 日照二次调研 scientistsclaimradiationfromhandsetsistoblameformysterious colonycollapse 种群衰败 ofbees itseemsridiculousbutsomescientists suggestthatourloveofthemobilephonecouldcausemassivefoodshortages astheworld sharvestsfail theyareputtingforwardthetheorythatradi ationgivenoffbymobilephonesandotherhi techequipmentisapossibleanswertooneofthemoreunusualhappeningsinthenaturalworld theabruptdisappearanceofthebeesthatpollinate 授粉 crops laterlastweek somebee keepersclaimedthatthephenomenonwhichstartedintheus andthenspreadtoeuropewasbeginningtohitbritain thetheoryisthatradiationfrommobilephonesinfluencesbees navigationsystem prev entingthefamouslyhomelovingspeciesfromfindingtheirwaybacktotheirhives 蜂房 improbableasitmayseem thereisnowevidencetobackthisup colonycollapsedisorder ccd occurswhenahive sinhabitantsabruptlydisappear leavingonlyqueens eggsandafewyoungwor kers thebeesthathavedisappearedareneverfound butthoughttodiesinglyfarfromhome theparasites wildlifean