2019专八真题讲座听力文本.doc

2019专八真题听力练习 Body language and mindGood morning, everyone. In todays lecture, I d like to focus on how our body language reveals who we are. Were really fascinated with body language, and particularly interested in other peoples body language. You know, were sometimes interested in an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybe very awkward wink, or handshake. So what kind of body language am I talking about? I am interested in 1_that is the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance. And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what they are. In the animal kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about 2_. So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space and you are basically opening up. And and humans do the same thing. So they do this when theyre feeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting because it really shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example, when athletes cross the finish line and theyve won, it doesnt matter if theyve never seen anyone do it. They do this. So the arms are up in the V sign, the chin is slightly lifted. But what do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite. 3_. We make ourselves small. We dont want to bump into the person next to us. And this is what happens when you put together high and low power. So what we tend to do when it comes to power is that we complement the others nonverbals. What I mean is if someone is being really powerful with us, we tend to 4_. We dont 5_. We do the opposite.Im watching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed. I notice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. They get right into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want to 6_. When they sit down, theyre sort of 7_. They raise their hands high. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in. as soon as they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on their faces and their bodies, and they sit in their chair and they make themselves 8_, and they will not fully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. I also notice another interesting thing about his. It seems women are much more likely to do this kind of thing than men. I mean women are more likely to make themselves small. Women feel chronically 习惯性地_9_ than men, so this is not surprising.The second question concerns our minds. We know that our minds change our bodies. But is it also true that 10_? And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what do I mean? Im talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological生理学上的 things that make up our thoughts and feelings, and in my case, thats hormones. I look at hormones. So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like? Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, 11_. They actually feel that theyre going to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be able to think more abstractly. They take more risks. So there are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people. Physiologically, there also are differences on two key hormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is stress hormone. What we find is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominance hormone and low stress hormone. What does that mean? That means power is also about 12_.Once we did an experiment. We decided to bring people into the lab and run that little experiment. These people adopted, for two minutes, either 13_ or 14_. We, for two minutes, say, “You need to do this or this.” And we also want them to be feeling power. So after two minutes we will ask them “How powerful do you feel?” on a series of items, and then we 15_. Before and after the experiment, we take their sample of saliva for a hormone test. Thats the whole experiment.And this is what we have found16_, which is 17_. What we find is that when youre 18_, 86 percent of you will gamble. When youre 19_, its down to only 60 percent, and thats a pretty significant difference. Heres what we find on 20_. From their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20 percent increase, and low-power people experience about a 10-percent decrease. So again, two minutes, and you get these changes. Concerning 21_, high-power people experience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low power people experience about a 15 percent increase. Once again, two minutes lead to these hormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident or -really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And weve all had that feeling, right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel about ourselves. Also, our bodies change our minds. So, power posing for a few minutes really changes your life in meaningful ways. When I tell people about this, that that our bodies change our minds, and our minds can change our behavior, and 22_, they say to me, “I dont believe that. It feels fake. Right?” so I said, “fake it till you make it.” I m going to live you with this. Before you go into the next stressful evaluative situation, for example, a job interview, for two minutes, try doing this, in the elevator, or at your desk behind closed doors and say to yourself “thats what I want to do.” Configure your brain to_23_ in that situation. Get your dominance hormone up, and get your stress hormone down. Dont leave that situation feeling like, oh, I didnt show them who I am. Leave that situation feeling like, oh, I really managed to say who I am and show who I am.To sum up, today, we talk about the “nonverbal expressions of power and dominance” and the strong effects of the change of behavior. I suggest you try power posing, which is simple but will significantly change the outcomes of your life. Ok, next time we are going to discuss the social functions of body language. 2019专八真题听力练习 Body language and mindGood morning, everyone. In todays lecture, I d like to focus on how our body language reveals who we are. Were really fascinated with body language, and particularly interested in other peoples body language. You know, were sometimes interested in an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybe very awkward wink, or handshake. So what kind of body language am I talking about? I am interested in power dynamicsthat is the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance. And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what they are. In the animal kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about expanding. So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space and you are basically opening up. And and humans do the same thing. So they do this when theyre feeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting because it really shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example, when athletes cross the finish line and theyve won, it doesnt matter if theyve never seen anyone do it. They do this. So the arms are up in the V sign, the chin is slightly lifted. But what do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite. We close up. We make ourselves small. We dont want to bump into the person next to us. And this is what happens when you put together high and low power. So what we tend to do when it comes to power is that we complement the others nonverbals. What I mean is if someone is being really powerful with us, we tend to make ourselves smaller. We dont mirror them. We do the opposite.Im watching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed. I notice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. They get right into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want to occupy space. When they sit down, theyre sort of spread out. They raise their hands high. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in. as soon as they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on their faces and their bodies, and they sit in their chair and they make themselves tiny, and they will not fully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. I also notice another interesting thing about his. It seems women are much more likely to do this kind of thing than men. I mean women are more likely to make themselves small. Women fell chronically 习惯性地less powerful than men, so this is not surprising.The second question concerns our minds. We know that our minds change our bodies. But is it also true that our bodies change our minds? And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what do I mean? Im talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological生理学上的 things that make up our thoughts and feelings, and in my case, thats hormones. I look at hormones. So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like? Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, more assertive and more confident, more optimistic. They actually feel that theyre going to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be able to think more abstractly. They take more risks. So there are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people. Physiologically, there also are differences on two key hormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is dominance hormone. What we find is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominance hormone and low stress hormone. What does that mean? That means power is also about how you react to stress.Once we did an experiment. We decided to bring people into the lab and run that little experiment. These people adopted, for two minutes, either high-power poses or low-power poses. We, for two minutes, say, “You need to do this or this.” And we also want them to be feeling power. So after two minutes we will ask them “How powerful do you feel?” on a series of items, and then we give them an opportunity to gamble. Before and after the experiment, we take their sample of saliva for a hormone test. Thats the whole experiment.And this is what we have foundrisk tolerance, which is gambling. What we find is that when youre in the high-power pose condition, 86 percent of you will gamble. When youre in the low-power pose condition, its down to only 60 percent, and thats a pretty significant difference. Heres what we find on dominance hormone. From their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20 percent increase, and low-power people experience about a 10-percent decrease. So again, two minutes, and you get these changes. Concerning stress hormone, high-power people experience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low power people experience about a 15 percent increase. Once again, two minutes lead to these hormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident or -really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And weve all had that feeling, right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and f