历年专八改错(2000年-2014年)真题及答案解析

2014年真题改错部分 There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s. There is a high level of agreement that the following questions 1._have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: 2._Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a first language? 3. _ What is the explanation for the fact adults have more difficulty in 4._ acquiring additional languages than children have? l What motivates people to acquire additional languages? What is the role of the language teaching in the acquisition of an 5._ additional language? What sociocultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additional languages? From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all the 6._ approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do so. Whether 7._one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additional language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under focus is the cognitive, 8._psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are involving, what psychological 9._factors play a role in the learning or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the classroom or acquired through social touch with 10._ native speakers. 2014年真题改错部分答案：1. is 添加also a 2. possessed 改为 attracted 词汇搭配 attract ones attention3. the same sense 后添加as one 固定搭配(介词)： the same as 4. the fact 后添加that adults 从句：同位语从句，关系代词that 不可省略5. the language 去掉the , 此处泛指不特指，非特指6. check 改为 review 词汇：纵览，回顾，综述7. attempts 改为attempting 介词后+名词/动名词短语8. or 改为 and 连词： 顺应关系9. involving 改为 involved 非谓语动词：被动关系，用过去分词10.touch 改为 interaction 词汇 interaction 指交流，互动；touch 触碰，指身体接触2013年专八真题改错部分2013年专业八级改错答案及解析：1. production 改为 producing。结构与understanding 和 remembering 保持一致，后面修饰的都是 language, production language的表述不正确，producing language才是正确的。2. 去掉take the language for granted 里面的 the。本文并没有具体指定哪一门语言，是对“语言”这一概念来说的，所以不需要the。另外，通篇的 language 前面都没有 the。3. most of time 变成 most of the time。most of the time 系错误的英语表达。只有 Most of the time 和 most time 的表述。4. looking 改为 look。构成when you listen to 和 or look 的对仗。5. 在 we might 前面加上 that，构成 Its only.that 的强调句型。6.has had a stroke 改为 had a stroke。表示这是过去发生的事情。7. their language 改为 his language。句子的主语是a relative or colleague，这里的主语是单数，所以用 his，为什么一般不用her 呢？男权社会嘛，一说他，基本都是he。8. anyone 改为 someone。固定表达：someone else9.evolved 改为 involved。evolve 表示“进化”，involve才表示“涉及，关于”。这里明显是说“有关 speaking, listening, writing, andreading 的 processes”，不是 processes 进化为speaking, listening, writing, and reading10. were 改为are。虽然前面有个 given that 表让步，不过，given that 后面不接虚拟语气，所以直接保持整篇文章现在时的时态。2012年专八真题改错部分The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) _ century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers favoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _ the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _ wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _ was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _ literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov. The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _改错部分 1. going 后加 on 2. cerain 改成 some 3. rather 后加 than 4. is 改为 was 5. in 改为 at 6. 去掉 the 7. view 后加 that 8. 删掉 was 9. statement 改为 statements 10.and 改为 but 2011年专八真题改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knewthat when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about 1_seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did sowith the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that 2_soon or later I should have to settle down and write books. 3_ I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years 4_on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5_schooldays. I had the lonely childs habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from 6_the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7_being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8_a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure 9_in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious i.e. seriously 10_intended writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my firstpoem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.1， 在grow后加up, 考固定短语2， 改consience为consciousness 考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”, consiousness翻译为“意识”3， 改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语4， 在child前加middle, 考上下文理解。 作者是三个孩子句中的那位5， 改disagreeing 为disagreeable ，disagreeing只能作动名词， 不能作形容词。disagreeable mannernisms 令人讨厌的习惯6， 改imaginative为imaginary, 考词语区别 imaginative翻译为“有想象力的”，imaginary翻译为“想象的，虚构的”7， 改literal 为literary , 考词义区别， literal翻译为“字面的”，literary 翻译为“文学方面的”8， 去掉face后的in，face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法9， 在world后加in或者改which为where, 考定语从句10， 改Therefore为However或者Nevertheness, 考语境。2010年专八真题改错部分So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1_the things their speakers want to say. 2_There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive3_peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the 4_fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak aboutsnow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5_English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled primitive) is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect 6_in English, a show of unexpected primitiveness. The position issimply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar7_ environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8_for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in whichEnglishwas habitually used made such distinction as important. 9_ Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos life. 10_2010年专八真题改错参考答案1 be后插入 as; asas引导的比较级2 their改为its; its代替every language3 There改为It; It此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式4 Whereas改为But ； 语境需要表示转折的连词，whereas表示对比5 further 改为much further不能修饰比较级6 come改为bring; (sth)come to light , bring sth to light bring to light the defect of English =bring the defect of english to light 揭示英语的缺陷7 similar改为different; 根据语境应该用different8 will改为would; 虚拟语气9 as important去掉as; 10 the part去掉the或者改the为a be/become/form (a) part of 是固定短语 09专八改错原题The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the (2)_little listener has grown up, and has children of their own, or even (3)_grandchildren. The period between learning a nursery rhyme andtransmittingit may be something from twenty to seventy years. With (4)_the playgroundlore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed (5)_on within the very hourit is learnt; and in the general, it passes (6)_between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If ,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have beencurrently for a hundred years, oreven just for fifty, it follows that it (7)_has been retransmitted over and over; very possibly it has passed (8)_along a chain of two or threehundred young hearers and tellers, andthe wonder is that it remains liveafter so much handling, (9)_to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)_答案分析：(1) the further difference改为a further difference（此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指）(2) 改when 为until, 结构not.until翻译为“直到才”(3)their改为his（代词与前文a little listener在单复数上保持一致）(4)something 改为anything 此处指二十到七十的任何时段(5)therefore改为however （根据上下文逻辑关系）(6) in the general去掉the （习惯用法in general 表示总的来说，一般不用冠词）(7) currently 改为current （这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词）(8) it has passed改为 it has been passed （与分号前的被动保持一致）(9) live 改为 alive alive翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定语(10) to let alone改为 let alone (let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说2008年专八真题 短文改错 The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is avery natural one, and in result language has played a prominent _1_part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate _2_a given language to show that they are distinctive from another _3_ race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States _4_split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals thatindependence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a _5_different language from those of Britain. There was even one _6_ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favouredthe adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things wouldcertainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English _7_ and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone _8_ knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying with the same language as before. _9_Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world _10_that political independence and national identity can be completewithout sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a commonlanguage.20081. in result 改成in consequence， 2 moves改成movements.3 distinctive改成distinct或different4 在time后加when5 accepted 改成realized6 those改成that7 删除on,8 At 改成In9 carrying with 改成 carrying on with10 now改成 ago 07专八真题 短文改错From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how language originated. There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1_records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2_emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3_originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4_necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language with a large proportion of such cries 5_than we find in English. It is true that the absence of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in 6_other grounds too the theory is not very attractive. People of all races and languages make rather similar noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that 7_such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different, serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference 8_between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9_whereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are 10_wholly conventional. 1, 改and为or, any languagages today or recordsof ancient languages 是并列成分，在否定句中用or2, 改show为showing, 现在分词作定语3， 删除the, 表示泛指4， 改and为but, 根据语境此处是转折5，改 large为larger, 后面有than, 应该用比较级6， 改in为on, on other grounds “ 基于其它理由”，为固定搭配7，改return为response , in response to “对作出反应”8，删除on, emphasize sth emphasize是及物动词 9，在large前加a, extent 是可数名词，前面要加冠词。 to a large extent翻译为“在很大程度上”10，改 these为 those those that/who为固定形式 2006专八短文改错We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1_to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2_message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3_set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his 4_thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5_speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses active-ly and that which he recognizes, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6_But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more than a psychological reality for the individual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7_member of his linguistic community; he has to give the system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted the two most 8_common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9_among most striking of human achievements. 10_1. 改agreeing为agreed agreed conventions翻译为“习俗”2. words前加the, 此处为特指3. 改in为at at ones disposal为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”4. 改enables为enable，定语从句与先行词vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules保持一致5. 删除the, 此处需要泛指6. 改 old为older, 此处需要比较级7. 改seen为understood，system应该是被理解8. 删除it take sth for granted take it for granted that9. 改 or为and ,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系10. most前加the, 形容词最高级中that一般不能省略 2005年专八真题短文改错The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much steeper than the current, very low rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common 1_ stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 2_ outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3_ business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 4_ increases the d