2019届高三英语二轮复习专题三完形填空讲义

专题三 完形填空 因淡化首句信息而导致耗时费力完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不设空，这是为了给考生提供利用首句信息进行推断一个清晰而完整的背景。记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析文章的首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，从而节省考生的做题时间。1利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。典例1 (2018全国卷) During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.直接信息首句点明了故事发生的时间、人物以及事件(免费课程)，由此可以基本判定本文为记叙文预测信息下文很可能介绍作者大学期间学习象棋课程及它对作者生活的影响典例2 (2017全国卷) A Toronto man is offering a free roundtheworld air ticket to the right woman.直接信息首句介绍了一个来自多伦多的男人赠送环球航空票的故事，由此可以基本判定本文应是记叙文预测信息后文中很可能讲述为什么免费赠送机票以及能得到免费机票女士的条件(the right woman)2.利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题，这对于理解全文和解题有着重要的启示作用。典例1 (2017全国卷)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.直接信息首句“高中和大学教育的区别：前者不鼓励探索，而后者鼓励探索。”直接点明文章的中心话题预测信息下文很可能是作者在大学学习的经历和感受典例2 (2018江苏高考)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.直接信息首句点明了“Raynor Winn和她丈夫Moth因为投资失误变得无家可归”预测信息下文很可能讲述夫妇俩面临绝境后的生活状况(铺阴影的题目为“可利用首句信息解题”)A体裁话题词数限时记叙文孤寡老人建游泳池28915分钟Keith Davison, 94, is struggling since losing his beloved wife of 66 years, Evy.To take his attention away from his 1 ， the retired judge built a pool into his backyard, and 2 all those in his neighborhood to play anytime theyd like.He hoped that the 3 of water splashing (飞溅) and children playing would 4 the silence that has engulfed (吞没) his home in the days after Evys passing.“I had a 5 life, and after my wife 6 ， that ended，” says Davison.“You get used to having a person there to enjoy life with, and now this place is so 7 .”The neighborhood children have been lining up to play since the pool opened.Davisons only 8 is that a childs parent must be 9 to take care of them.Jessica Huebner, a neighbor of Davison, says that Davison and Evy were always 10 to the kids in the neighborhood.“Its about spreading 11 and happiness to our neighborhood and these children 12 he sees them as the face of the future，” says Huebner.“He is just a very kind man.”Huebner 13 brings cookies and homecooked meals to Davison to show her 14 for what he has done.“He built the pool for us and our children, 15 we can do more to visit with him，” she says.“Thats what he wants; he wants to 16 with the kids.”Still, Davison is 17 the absence of his wife.The walls of the house still remind him of her, because she 18 them to her taste, something he very much 19 .But Davison thinks Evy would be happy to see the neighborhood having so much 20 in their backyard.He just wishes she was there to see it.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。美国一位94岁的老人在自家后院建了一座免费游泳池，既给附近的孩子们提供了一个解暑、玩耍的地方，同时也缓解了自己失去妻子的痛苦与寂寞。1A.fearBsadnessCsickness Dworry解析：选B根据首句中的“losing his beloved wife of 66 years”可知，Davison想从失去妻子的“悲伤(sadness)”中解脱出来。2A.invitedBadvisedCinspired Dexpected解析：选A游泳池建好后，Davison“邀请(invited)”附近的孩子们来玩耍。3A.colors BsoundsCeffects Dproblems解析：选B根据下文中的“the silence that has engulfed (吞没) his home”可知，Davison希望孩子们玩闹泼水的“声音(sounds)”能“掩盖(mask)”家里的静寂。mask此处用作动词。4A.remember BkeepCbring Dmask解析：选D参见上题解析。5A.secret BdifficultChappy Dtraditional解析：选C根据首句中的“his beloved wife of 66 years, Evy”和下文中的“having a person there to enjoy life with”可知，妻子过世前，他们过着“幸福的(happy)”生活。6A.died BretiredCescaped Dreturned解析：选A根据首句中的“losing his beloved wife”和“after Evys passing”可知，Davison的妻子“去世(died)”后，幸福生活也结束了。7A.cold BdirtyCquiet Dcrowded解析：选C根据上文中的“the silence that has engulfed (吞没) his home”可知，现在的家里很“安静(quiet)”。8A.movement BdevelopmentCrequirement Dachievement解析：选C根据下文中的“a childs parent must be 9 to take care of them”可知，Davison的唯一“要求(requirement)”是孩子的父亲或母亲必须照看着。9A.ahead BupstairsCindoors Dnearby解析：选D根据下文中的“take care of them”可知，孩子的父亲或母亲必须在“附近(nearby)”。10A.nice BstrangeCterrible Dfair解析：选A根据第二段最后一句“He is just a very kind man.”可知，Davison夫妇对附近的孩子很“友好(nice)”。11A.desire BsuccessCwealth Djoy解析：选D根据第二段第一句中的“children have been lining up to play”和下文中的“happiness”可知，Davison建免费游泳池给孩子们带来了“快乐(joy)”。12A.while BunlessCbecause Dalthough解析：选C“he sees them as the face of the future”是“Its about spreading 11 and happiness to our neighborhood and these children”的原因，故because符合语境。13A.normally BregularlyCinstantly Dcarefully解析：选B根据下文中的“we can do more to visit with him”可知，Huebner会“经常(regularly)”带一些饼干或家里烹制的饭菜给Davison。14A.doubt BsurpriseCexcitement Dappreciation解析：选D给Davison送饼干或饭菜等是为了表示“感激(appreciation)”。15A.in turn Bin contrastCin return Din advance解析：选CDavison建了游泳池供邻居们娱乐，“作为回报(in return)”，大家也应该为他多做些事情。16A.go BtradeCplay Dconnect解析：选DDavison建游泳池的目的是想和孩子们“建立良好的关系(connect)”。17.A.dealing withBlooking intoCpreparing for Dlearning about解析：选A根据第一段首句中的“Keith Davison, 94, is struggling since losing his beloved wife”和下文中的“The walls of the house still remind him of her”可知，Davison正在努力“应对(dealing with)”失去妻子的痛苦。18A.rented BdecoratedCbought Drecommended解析：选B根据上文中的“The walls of the house still remind him of her”可知，墙是按照妻子的品味“装饰(decorated)”的，Davison非常“喜欢(enjoyed)”。19A.hated BenjoyedCregretted Dmissed解析：选B参见上题解析。20A.fun BluckCmoney Dtime解析：选A根据第二段第一句“The neighborhood children have been lining up to play since the pool opened.”可知，邻居们在后院玩得很“开心(fun)。”B体裁话题词数限时记叙文人物故事30617分钟A man has given up his wellpaid job in sales to become a barber for dementia patients, inspired by his teenage job in a nursing home.Lenny White, 36, worked in 1 with the Yellow Pages for 17 years, 2 felt unsatisfied and decided to do something a little more 3 and meaningful.As a 4 ， he had worked as a kitchen server in nursing homes.When he began to 5 his passion (热情) for his career, he decided to find a way to help the kind of people hed 6 worked with.“I had just got to the stage where I knew that I wasnt 7 ，” Lenny said.“I never 8 the care home job, I never forgot how it made me feel and the communication that I had with the residents (居民) 9 never left me.” He decided to work as a barber 10 he remembered the men in the care home where hed worked having haircuts in womens salons (发廊), which stressed them out as they werent used to the 11 .To help his 12 relax, he uses oldfashioned products and plays Elvis Presley songs in his salon, so they feel like they are in a salon they 13 .“The residents were 14 .They sang along to the 15 ， tapped (打节拍) their feet, and it created a real 16 atmosphere.” Lenny said.Lenny also works as a care assistant in order to learn how to 17 elderly people while cutting their hair.He 18 ， “You have to take your time with them and be 19 .Even the small things like sitting them down and keeping your hand on their shoulder, let them know youre there.”He even won the Northern Ireland Alzheimers Society Award for Outstanding Contribution 2017 for his efforts, and is 20 to popularize (推广) his “worthwhile” job nationwide.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。36岁的Lenny White放弃高薪的销售工作，选择为痴呆病人理发。1A.tourismBsalesCinsurance Dbanking解析：选B根据首句“A man has given up his wellpaid job in sales to become a barber for dementia patients”可知，36岁的Lenny White放弃他高薪的销售工作，成为一名为痴呆病人理发的理发师。2A.sinceBsoCand Dbut解析：选 D根据首句“A man has given up his wellpaid job in sales”及下文“felt unsatisfied and decided to do something a little more 3 and meaningful”可知，36岁的Lenny White虽然有一份高薪的销售工作，但是他感到不满足，他决定做一些有意义的事情。3A.worthwhile BhardCpleasing Dimpressive解析：选A根据下文“and meaningful”及最后一段“popularize (推广) his worthwhile job nationwide”可知，Lenny White决定做一些值得做并且有意义的事情。4A.server BmanagerCteenager Dvolunteer解析：选C根据第一段首句“inspired by his teenage job in a nursing home”可知，Lenny White放弃高薪工作是受他青少年时在疗养院工作的启发。5A.follow BshareClose Dfeel解析：选C根据第一段中的“felt unsatisfied”及下文“he decided to find a way to help the kind of people”可知，当Lenny White对工作失去热情的时候，他决定找到一种方式来帮助那些人。6A.unwillingly BpubliclyCcasually Dpreviously解析：选D根据下文“I never forgot how it made me feel and the communication that I had with the residents (居民)”可知，Lenny White想帮助他曾经在一起工作的那些人。previously“先前的，以往的”符合语境。7A.puzzled BsatisfiedCthrilled Dfamiliar解析：选B根据第一段第二句中的“felt unsatisfied”可知，Lenny White对他销售工作状况不满意。8A.forgot BcomplainedCmissed Dunderstood解析：选A根据下文“I never forgot how it made me feel and the communication that I had with the residents (居民)”可知，此处与下文“I never forgot”并列，故forgot符合语境。9A.Each BWhatCThat DSomething解析：选C根据上文“I never 8 the care home job .had with the residents (居民)”可知，Lenny White从未忘记疗养院的工作，从未忘记带给他的感觉及他与疗养院住民的沟通。这(That)从未离开他。10A.unless BonceCuntil Das解析：选D根据下文“he remembered the men .which stressed them out”可知，当Lenny White记得他曾经工作的那个疗养院里的男人们在女人的沙龙里理发，这让他们很紧张，所以他决定当一名理发师。11A.food BsurroundingsCrules Dweather解析：选B根据上文“he remembered the men .which stressed them out”可知，疗养院的男人们在女士发廊里理发，这使得他们很紧张，因为他们不习惯那样的环境。12A.customers BstudentsCrelatives Dleaders解析：选A根据下文“he uses oldfashioned products and plays Elvis Presley songs in his salon，”可知，Lenny White使用老式的产品，在他的发廊里播放埃尔维斯普雷斯利的歌曲，这样会让他的顾客们感觉他们处于记忆中的发廊。13A.set up Btake charge ofCremember Ddecorate解析：选C参见上题解析。14A.anxious BdisappointedCcrazy Drelaxed解析：选D根据上文“To help his 12 relax”可知，在Lenny White发廊理发的人们很放松。15A.music BguitarCradio Dmicrophone解析：选A根据第三段中的“plays Elvis Presley songs in his salon”及下文“They sang .tapped (打节拍) their feet”可知，Lenny White在发廊里播放埃尔维斯普雷斯利的歌曲，人们跟着音乐一起唱，用脚拍打节拍。16A.same BdifferentCembarrassing Dordinary解析：选B根据上文“The residents were 14 .They sang along to the 15 ， tapped (打节拍) their feet”可知，人们在Lenny White的发廊中很放松，与男人们在女士发廊中理发感觉很紧张相比，这创造了一个真正不一样的环境。17A.thank for Bcall onClook after Dthink about解析：选C根据上文“Lenny also works as a care assistant”可知，Lenny White为了学习在理发过程中如何照顾年老的人，也作为一名护理助理。18A.argued BexplainedCbegged Djoked解析：选B根据下文内容可知，这是Lenny White的解释说明。19A.patient BhonestCconfident Dgrateful解析：选A根据上文“You have to take your time with them”和下文“Even the small things like sitting them down and keeping your hand on their shoulder, let them know youre there.”可知，你必须对年老的人慢慢来，要有耐心，要让他们知道你在那里。20A.challenging BencouragingCrefusing Dhoping解析：选D根据上文“He even won .for his efforts”和下文“to popularize (推广) his worthwhile job nationwide”可知，Lenny White希望能在全国范围内推广他这份“值得做的”工作。 因不能发现远距离复现词而错选词汇复现是指某一个词以原词，或同/ 近义词(如decide与determine)、同根词(如ill与illness)、上下义词(如rose是flower的下义词， flower是利用词汇复现解题rose的上义词)、反义词(如wrong与right)等方式在同一语篇中重复出现的现象。词汇复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段。我们在解答完形填空题时，要留心选项中是否有与上下文中的词汇相对应的词，利用词汇复现解题。1原词复现在上下文中同一词汇重复出现典例(2018全国卷)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits .I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54. classroom. 53A.gameBpresentationCcourse Dexperiment分析：本题可以利用原词复现解题。根据文章首句中的“the education department was offering a free course”可知，“我”设法在那门“课程”上获得了A，此处是course的原词复现，故选C项。2同/近义词复现意思相同、相近的表达方式，或者解释性的词汇复现典例(2018全国卷)The baby was born and update texts were 47.coming in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.In her 48 ， she didnt seem to realize that she was 49.sharing the babys photos with a complete stranger.48A.opinion BanxietyCexcitement Deffort分析：本题可以利用近义词复现解题。根据上文中的“the overjoyed grandmother”可知，此处填入的词应与“overjoyed (欣喜若狂的)”在语义范畴上一致，故选C项。3同根词复现词形变化的词汇复现典例(2016北京高考)It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.How could the medicine get to Nome? The towns 39.harbor was already full of ice, so it couldnt come by ship.Cars and horses couldnt travel on the 40 roads.40A.narrow BsnowyCbusy Ddirty分析：本题可以利用同根词复现解题。根据选文第一段可知，大雪覆盖了道路，切断了小镇与世界的联系，故汽车和马无法在满是雪的(snowy)道路上行进，空格处与第一段最后一个单词snow是同根词复现。故选B。4上下义词复现总括与分述的词汇复现典例(2016全国卷)Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out.Ranis 59 her warm smile, her nods, her Im here for you 60.attitude were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires.59A.forgiveness BeagernessCfriendliness Dskillfulness分析：本题可以利用上下义词复现解题。根据下文“她温暖的微笑，她的点头，她的我在这里为你我服务的态度”等表明瑞妮很友好(friendliness)，故选C。其中smile，nod等是下义词(具体行为)，friendliness是上义词(概括)。5反义词典例(2017全国卷)I had advised the kids that while verbs (动词) may seem dull, most of the 50 things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.50A.simple BuniqueCfun Dclever分析：本题可以利用反义词复现解题。根据前面的while(虽然)可知，空格处应填与dull(无聊的，枯燥无味的)意思上相反的词fun，表示“有趣的，令人快乐的”。故选C。(铺阴影的题目为“可利用词汇复现解题”)A体裁话题词数限时议论文道歉26316分钟Most people say “Im sorry” many times a day for a host of trivial (琐碎的) things.These apologies are easy and usually readily 1 ， often with a response like, “No problem.” 2 ， when “Im sorry” are the words needed to right truly hurtful words or acts, they can be the hardest ones to 3 .And even when an apology is offered with the best of intentions, it can be seriously 4 by the way in which it is worded.A poorly worded apology can 5 lasting anger and 6 an important relationship.I admit to a lifetime of challenges when it comes to 7 ， especially when I thought I was right or 8 .But I recently 9 that the need for an apology is less about me than the person who is 10 by something I said or did or failed to do.I also learned that a sincere apology can be extremely 11 for the recipient (接受者) as well as the 12 .After learning that a neighbour who seemed 13 due to my small errors, I wrote a 14 and apologized for my 15 .I said I wasnt asking for 16 ， merely hoping that we could have a harmonious 17 ， and then delivered the letter with a jar of my homemade jam.Expecting nothing 18 ， I was greatly relieved when my doorbell rang and the neighbour 19 me for what I had said and done.I felt as if Id not only got rid of a(n) 20 but made a new friend, which is indeed how it played out in the days that followed.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。不找任何借口，带着诚意与尊重为自己的过失道歉，不仅会减少一个敌人，而且会多交一个朋友。1A.acceptedBfoundCproved Dremembered解析：选A根据该空后的“often with a response like, No problem.”可知，大多数人每天为各种微不足道的小事说许多次“对不起”，这些道歉容易做到，通常也易于“接受(accepted)”。2A.Therefore BOtherwiseCHowever DBesides解析：选C根据上文中的“easy”与下文中的“hardest”的对比可知，该空前后两个句子之间是语意上的转折关系，故However符合语境。3A.say BgainCforget Dcontrol解析：选A根据该空前的“to right truly hurtful words or acts”可知，但是当“对不起”是为了弥补确实很伤人的话语或行为时，会很难“说(say)”出口。另外联系上文中的“apologies”以及该空前的“Im sorry”可知，要道歉就是要说出口。4A.described BweakenedCrecorded Dtrusted解析：选B根据下文中的“poorly worded”与选项中的“weakened”近义词复现可知，即便你是本着最大的善意致歉，也有可能因为措辞不当而被“削弱(weakened)”。5A.depend on Blook onCtake in Dresult in解析：选D根据上文内容可知，措辞不当的道歉会“导致(result in)”持久的愤怒，也会“破坏(destroy)”一段重要的关系。6A.continue BmanageCjudge Ddestroy解析：选D参见上题解析。7A.lying BdreamingCapologizing Dpraising解析：选C根据“especially when I thought I was right”可知，作者承认“道歉(apologizing)”是人生的一个挑战，尤其是当他认为自己是对的，或被“误解(misunderstood)”时。其中right与misunderstood是并列关系。8A.admired BworriedCmisunderstood Ddelighted解析：选C参见上题解析。9A.discovered BexpectedCpromised Dfeared解析：选A根据“But”提示和该空前后语境转折可知，“that the need .failed to do”是作者最近“发现(discovered)”的道理。10A.moved BhurtCattracted Dcriticized解析：选B根据该空后的“by something I said or did or failed to do”可知，被自己所言、所行或未能做到的事“伤害(hurt)”到的人，更需要“我”的道歉。11A.simple BimpossibleCbeneficial Dinteresting解析：选C根据下一段的具体事例可知，真诚的道歉不论对接受者还是“给予者(giver)”而言，都是非常“有好处的(beneficial)”。12A.quitter BgiverClover Drescuer解析：选B参见上题解析。上文“recipient”和选项中的“giver”是反义词。13A.excited BpuzzledCembarrassed Dannoyed解析：选D根据该空后的“due to my small errors”以及“apologized for”可知，邻居因作者的一些小错误而“感到恼火(annoyed)”。14A.letter BbookCstory Dpoem解析：选A根据第17空后的“delivered the letter”提示可知，作者写了一封“信(letter)”。此处为原词复现。15A.jokes BmistakesCexcuses Ddecisions解析：选B根据第13空后的“small errors”和选项中的“mistakes”之间是同义词复现关系，故此处表示作者为自己的“错误(mistakes)”道歉。16A.introduction BsuggestionCforgiveness Dencouragement解析：选C根据该空后的“merely hoping that we could have a harmonious 17 ”以及最后一段中的“Expecting nothing”可知，作者并不请求“原谅(forgiveness)”。17A.occupation BrelationshipCcommunity Dsituation解析：选B根据上文可知，因作者的错误破坏了他与邻居之间的关系，那么作者道歉的初衷只是希望保持一种和谐的“关系(relationship)”。18A.in total Bin turnCin brief Din return解析：选D联系上下文内容可知，作者并不期待任何“回报(in return )”。19A.thanked BchangedCcomforted Dhelped解析：选A根据该空前的“greatly relieved”可知，邻居“感谢(thanked)”作者所说的话和所做的事。20A.workerBrelativeCneighbour Denemy解析：选D根据该空后的“but”转折可知，该空与“a new friend”形成对比，故enemy符合语境。此处“friend”与“enemy”是反义词。B体裁话题词数限时记叙文母亲的来信26315分钟“I have a letter for you，” my friend Kirsten told me on the phone.“I think its from your mother.” I was 1 ， since my mother had been 2 for seven years.A few weeks later Kirsten handed me the 3 dated Aug.30,2002.Around then I was preparing for my pilot courses final exam at the 4 school.The students finished the training on 5 days.I was the first to 6 .My mothers letter 7 after I left.Kirsten picked it up from my mailbox, to keep it 8 she next saw me. 9 ， a few days later, when it was her turn to leave, she 10 the letter among the piles of papers she 11 packed into boxes.It 12 there for a decade, during which my mother died.In 2013, when Kirsten 13 some dusty belongings from her fl