2011年高考英语 阅读理解分类汇编之社会生活类

20112011 高考英语阅读理解分类汇编之社会生活类高考英语阅读理解分类汇编之社会生活类 1 2011 天津卷 D Blind imitation 模仿 is self destruction To those who do not recognize their unique worth Imitation appears attractive to those who know their strenghth Imitation is unacceptable In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful When I first learned to cook I used recipes 菜谱 and turned out some tasty dishes But soon I grew bored Why follow someone else s way of cooking when I could create my own Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child s bicycle they help you get going but once you find your own balance you fly faster and farther without relying on them In daily life imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously 下意识地 hold poor role models If as a child you observed people whose lives were bad you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did If you do not make strong choices for yourself you will get the results of the weak choices of others In the field of entertainment our culture glorifies celebrities Those stars look great on screen But when they step off screen their personal lives may be disastrous If you are going to follow someone focus on their talent not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors Blessed is the person willing to act on their sundden desire to create somrthing unique Think of the movies books teachers and friends that have affected you most deeply They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration not desperation The world is changed not by those who do what has been done brfore them but by those who do what has been done inside them Creative people have an endless resource of ideas The problem a creator faces is not running out of material it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination Syudy your role models accept the gifts they have given and leave behind what does not server Then you can say I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors tragedies and tory and know that they are cheering on 51 Imitation proves useful when you A know you are unique B lose the bslance of life C begin to learn something new D get tired of routine practice 52 To avoid the bad result of imitation we should A forget daily fear and pain B choose the right example C ask others for decisions D stay away from stars 53 Acording to the author The world moves on because of those who are A desperate to intruence others with their knowledge B ready to turn their original ideas into reality C eager to discover what their ancestors did D willing to accept others ideas 54 The trouble a creator faces is A the lack of strong motivation B the absence of practical ideas C how to search for more materials D how to use imagination creatively 55 What is the author s purpose in writing this passage A To highlight the importance of creatively B To criticize the characters of role models C To compare imitation with creation D To explain the meaning of success CBBDA 2 2011 天津卷 C An idea that started in Seattle s public library has spread throughout America and beyond The concept is simple help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same tome In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit 追求 to be enjoyed by all the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched 发起 the If All of Seattle Read the Same Book project in 1998 Her original program used author visits study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities and even to Hong kong In Chicago the mayor 市长 appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the One Book One Chicago program As a result reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city Across the US stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character The only problem arose in New York where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population This may show that the idea works best in medium sized cities or large towns where a greater sense of unity 一致 can be achieved Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point putting all their energy And passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself Ultinatel was Nancy points out the level of sucicess is not meastured by how many people read a book but by how many people are enriched by the process or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word 46 What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy A To invite authors to guide readers B To encourage people to read and share C To involve people in communnity service D To promote the friendship between cities 47 Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the projict A They had little interest in reading B They were too busy to read a book C They came from many different backgrounds D They lacked support from the locat government 48 According to the passage where would the project be more easily carried out A In large communities with little sense of unity B In large cities where libraries are far from home C In medium sized cities with a diverse population D In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached 49 The underlined words shared a word in Paragraph 5 probably mean A exchanged ideas with each other B discussed the meaning of a word C gamed life experience D used the same language 50 According to Nacy the degree of students of the project is judged by A the careful selection of a proper book B the growing popularity of the writers C the number of people who benefit from reading D the number of books that each person reads BCDAC 3 2011 重庆卷 E Skeptics are a stange lot Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment and they are tired of people who disagree with them Those people say skeptics spread nothing but bad news about the environment The eco guilt brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews Perhaps that explain why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity That book The Skeptical Environmentalist declares that it measures the real state of the world as fine Of course another explanation is the deep pockets some big businesses with special intererts Indeed Mr Lomborg s views are similar to those of some Industry funded organizations which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming So it was strange to see Mr Lomborg s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise even with the conclusion that After Lomborg the environmental movement will begin to die down Such one sided views should have immediately been challenged But only a different review appeared in Nature a respected science magazine with specific readership The review remarked that Mr Lomborg s preference for unexamined materials is incredible 不可信的 A critical 批判的 eye is valuable and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions Unfortunately that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests People might become half blind before a world partially exhibited by the media That s a shame because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly 72 According to the passage which of the following may be regarded as skeptics A People who agree on the popularity of eco guilt B People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet C People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities D People who spread comforting news to protect our environment 73 Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg s books A Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests B The book challenges views about the fine state of the wirld C The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews D Industry funded media present confusing information 74 The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to A voice a different opinion B find fault with Lomborg s book C challenge the authority of the media D point out the value of scientific views 75 What is the author s main purpose in writing the passage A To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye B To warn the public of the danger of half blindness with reviews C To blame the media s lack of responsibility in presenting information D To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media BAAD 4 2011 安徽卷 B Think about the different ways that people use the wind You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources 来源 as well as one of the oldest Evidence shows that windmills 风车 began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power For many centuries people used windmills to grind 磨碎 wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity This allowed them to have electric lights and radio However by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States windmills were rarely used During the 1970s people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever Then wind was rediscovered though it means higher costs Today there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind 文章大意 本文介绍了风能及风能运用的情况 在能源短缺的今天 作为最为洁净 丰富 的风能 一定会对我们的生活作出极大的贡献 60 From the text we know that windmills A were invented by European armies B have a history of more than 2800 years C used to supply power to radio in remote areas D have rarely been used since electricity was discovered 解析 选 C 细节理解题 根据第二段句子可知 十九世纪末有了电之后 偏僻地区的 人们就利用风车发电 于是人们就有了电灯和收音机 因此选择 C 项 根据 windmills began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC 可知 A 项错误 B 项错在 more than 根据末段句子可知 尽管成本较高 人们依然使用风能提供电力 因此 D 项 错误 61 What was a new use for wind power in the late l9th century A Sailing a boat B Producing electricity C Grinding wheat into flour D Pumping water from underground 解析 选 B 细节理解题 根据第二段句子可知 人们最初利用风车磨面或抽水 十九 世纪末有了电之后 人们又用其发电 因此选择 B 项 62 One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that A wind power is cleaner B it is one of the oldest power sources C it was cheaper to create energy from wind D the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs 解析 选 A 推理判断题 根据最后一段可知 二十世纪七十年代 人们注重环保 而 且认识到煤和气的短缺 而风能的特点是洁净 丰富和历史悠久 但是成本较高 综合 选择 A 项最佳 63 What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows A The advantage of wind power B The design of wind power plants C The worldwide movement to save energy D The global trend towards producing power from wind 解析 选 D 推理判断题 根据末段句子 Today there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind 可知 接下来作者应该谈论利用风 能发电的情况 因此选择 D 项 5 2011 山东卷 C Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21 year old twin sons a combination of savings income scholarships and a modest amount of borrowing Then her husband lost his job and the plan fell apart I have two kids in college and I want to say come home but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education says Jacobs The Jacobs family did work out a solution They asked and received more aid from the schools and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan 贷款 program They will each graduate with 20 000 of debt but at least they will be able to finish school With unemployment rising financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs More students are applying for aid and more families expect to need student loans College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around At the same time tuition 学费 continues to rise A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439 from 1982 to 2007 while average family income rose just 147 Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade If we go on this way for another 25years we won t have an affordable system of higher education says Patrick M Callan president of the center The middle class families have been financing it through debt They will send kids to college whatever it takes even if that means a huge amount of debt Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them The good news however is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted 67 How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem A They asked their kids to come home B They borrowed 20 000 from the school C They encouraged their twin sons to do part time jobs D They got help from the school and the federal government 68 Financial aid administrators believe that A more families will face the same problem as the Jacobses B the government will receive more letters of complaint C college tuition fees will double soon D America s unemployment will fall 69 What can we learn about the middle class families from the text A They blamed the government for the tuition increase B Their income remained steady in the last decade C They will try their best to send kids to college D Their debts will be paid off within 25 years 70 According to the last paragraph the government will A provide most students will scholarships B dismiss some financial aid administrators C stop the companies from making student loans D go on providing financial support for college students 解析 66 70 BDACD 语篇解读 本文介绍了今年学生贷款增多给家庭带来的压力和大学学费的不断增加的 社会问题 提出政府对之做出的回应 66 B 推理判断题 第一段提到 Diana Jacobs 的家庭本来有一个可行的计划可以支付两 个双胞胎儿子的大学费用 可由于丈夫的失业计划瓦解了 67 D 推理判断题 第三段指出解决方案 solution 是向学校索求更多的援助 每个儿子 增加贷款到最大额度 如原文 They asked and received more aid from the schools and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan 贷款 program 也即是选项 B 68 A 细节推断题 由第四段 expect to hear more families like the Jacobs 可以得知 财政援 助的管理员们预期会看到更多像 Jacobs 一家的情况 同义转换即选项 A 而 BD 原文没有提 到 C 从第五段 Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade 可知在过去 10 年里已经长了一倍还多 因此是错的 69 C 推理判断题 从第六段最后一句话 They will send kids to college whatever it takes even if that means a huge amount of debt 可知 无论需要什么他们都会送孩子去上大学 即 使那意味着大笔的债务 70 D 细节推断题 由最后一段可知许多公司做出决定说学生贷款利润股沟因此不再做贷款 而好消息是联邦政府承担着四分之三的学生贷款 因此推断是 D 政府将继续承担对大学生 的资金援助 6 2011 江西卷 C The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard 1850 1928 After immigrating form England to the USA and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer he moved to Chicago where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871 In those days it was nicknamed the Garden City almost certainly the source of Howard s name for his later building plan of towns Returning to London Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s drawing on ideas that were popular at the time but creating a unique combination of designs The nineteenth century poor city was in many ways a terrible place dirty and crowded but it offered economic and social opportunities At the same time the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive though it promised fresh air and nature it suffered from agricultural depression 萧条 and it offered neither enough work and wages nor much social life Howard s idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement the garden city Howard s idea was that a group of people should set up a company borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price Garden cities would provide a central public open space radial avenues and connecting industries They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt also owned by the company containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions As more and more people moved in the garden city would reach its planned limit Howard suggested 32 000 people then another would be started a short distance away Thus over time there would develop a vast planned house collection extending almost without limit within it each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city 66 How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities A Through his observation of the country life B Through the combination of different ideas C By taking other people s advice D By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago 67 The underlined phrase drawing on in Paragraph 1 probably means A making use of B making comments on C giving an explanation of D giving a description of 68 According to Howard garden cities should be built A as far as possible from existing cities B in the countryside where the land was cheap C in the countryside where agriculture was developed D near cities where employment opportunities already existed 69 What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph A Thei