英语延续性动词与非延续性动词

1 reach arrive in at be in at come to 2 come out be out go 3 come be here 4 leave be away from 5 join be a member of be in the 6 die be dead 7 catch a cold have a cold 8 begin start be on 9 put on wear 10 buy have 11 borrow keep 12 become be 13 fall asleep be asleep 14 fall ill be ill sick sick 15 open be open 16 lose be lost 17 get to know begin to know 18 go to sleep get to sleep sleep 19 get up be up 20 close be closed 21 finish end be over 22 move be out of 23 break be broken 24 marry be married 25 go be away 26 wake be awake 27 get to know know 28 wear put on 英语动词根据词义可分为两种 一种是延续性的 一种是终止性的 终止性动词 也可称为非延续性动词 瞬间动词 或点动词 如 begin start die buy leave come 等 表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成 不能再延续 所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用 即不能 与表示一段时间的状语 for 时间段 since 时间点 从句连用 也不能用在 how long 引导的特殊疑问句中 eg I ve left Shanghai for three days I ve been away from Shanghai for three days I left Shanghai three days ago It is has been three days since I left Shanghai 常见终止性动词有 leave go come arrive begin buy borrow die join become 等 终止性动词要表示持续时 可用以下方法 将时间状语改为时间段 ago 句中谓语动词用一般过去时 eg 我弟弟参军两年了 My brother joined the army two years ago 若保留 for 时间段 since 时间点 从句 或用在 how long 句型中 则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词 常见终止性动词与延续性动词 或状态动词 的对应关系如下 come go arrive get reach move be in at open be open die be dead close be closed become be borrow keep begin start be on put on wear leave be away from buy have fall asleep be asleep end finish be over catch a cold have a cold join the army be in the army be a soldier join the Party be in the Party be a Party member My brother has been in the army for two years My brother has been a soldier for two years 动词按其动作发生的方式 动作发生过程的长短 分为延续性动词和终止性动词 延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作 这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响 如 learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live 等 终止性动词也称非延续性动词 瞬间动词 表示的动作不能延续 即动作发生立即结束 产生某种结果 在有了某种结 果之后 就不能再继续下去 如 leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join receive finish end complete become come go die close open break give jump buy borrow 等 1 1 终止性动词的用法 终止性动词的用法 1 终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成 因此可用于现在完成时 如 The plane has arrived 飞机到了 I have finished my homework 我已完成了作业 2 终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂 不能持续 所以其现在完成时 只限于肯定式 不能和表示一段时间的状语连用 如 他死了三年了 误 He has died for three years 他来这儿三个月了 误 he has come here for three months 两句中的动词 die 和 come 都为终止性动词 它们可用于完成时 但不能同表示一段时间的状语 for three years months 连用 那这两句如何译成英语呢 我们可采用下列方法 A 用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词 如 He has been dead for three years He has been here for three months 将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用 其常用的方法有如下几种 a 用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有 buy have borrow keep come go become be catch get a cold have a cold get to know know 等 b be 名词 join the Party League be a Party League member go to school be a student join the army be a soldier 等 c be 形容词 副词 die be dead leave be away from put on be on finish end be over begin start be on come be here in fall asleep be asleep go out be out 等 d be 介词短语 go to school be in at school join the army be in the army 等 e 去掉短语中的短暂性动词 get to know know come to work work begin to study study 等 B 把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语 原动词的完成时改为过去时 如 He died three years ago He came here three months ago C 用 It is has been 一段时间 since 一般过去时 结构 如 It is has been three years since he died It is has been three months since he came here D 用 多长时间 has passed since 一般过去时 结构 如 Three years has passed since he died Three months has passed since he came here 3 终止性动词现在完成时的否定式 已成为一种可以延续的状态 因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用 如 I haven t heard from him for two weeks 我已两个星期没收到他的信了 He hasn t left here since 1990 自从 1990 年以来 他一直没有离开过这儿 4 终止性动词的否定式同 until 一起连用 构成 not until 结构 意为 直到 才 表示这个动作 直到 until 所表达的时间到来时才发生 如 We won t go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops 直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城 When did you go to bed last night 昨晚你几点钟点上床睡觉的 I didn t go to bed until my father got home 直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉 5 在 while 表示 一段时间 引导的从句中 不能用终止性动词 但 when 可以 因为 when 可表示 时间的点 也可表示 一段时间 如 误 While I got to the village it was dark 正 When I got to the village it was dark 6 终止性动词肯定式的完成时不能和 how long 连用 如 误 How long have you borrow the book 可改用延续性动词或与 when 连用的一般过去时 正 How long have you kept the book 正 When did you borrow the book 2 2 延续性动词的用法 延续性动词的用法 1 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时 其完成时可以同一段时间状语连用 如 I have waited for him for nearly two hours 我等他快两个小时了 2 终止性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用 同样 延续性动词也不能和表示短暂时间的时间点连用 如 误 It rained at eight yesterday morning rain 为延续性动词 而 at eight 是表示时间点的状语 显然矛盾 如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的行为 可以借助 come get begin 等终止性动词来表达 上句可改为 It began to rain a