巧解短文改错

巧解短文改错 高考短文改错旨在考查考生对书面语的校验技能 即发现 判断 纠正语篇错误的能 力 一般来讲 所选文段都是接近学生实际写作水平的习作 难度并不很大 但从历年考 试结果来看 本题得分并不很高 究其原因 除了心理准备不足 基础知识薄弱 没有建 立正确的英语语感外 对设题的特点及解题的技巧了解不够也是一个重要的失分原因 本 文借助近年高考题 特别是 2004 年全国卷和各省市卷谈谈巧解短文改错的思路与技巧 一 短文改错的解题基本思路 1 以句为单位 找行中错误 每行必有一个判断 错词 多词 少词和正确 而判断 的依据一定是上下文 最小单位是一个完整的句子 2 以篇为单位 找句中错误 许多时候 就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其 是否正确 错误何在 而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句 进而对该行做出判断 二 短文改错的解题基本技巧 1 时态一致 短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文 特定语言环境及该句的时间状语应保持呼应与一致 例 1 Sometimes we talked to each other very well in class but after class we become strangers at once NMET 2004 II 全文都是一般现在时 此句中 talked 显然与上下文不一致 应改为 talk 例 2 I remembered her words and calm down NMET 2000 此处为一描述过去事件的语境 应与前文 remembered 保持一致 须改为 calmed 例 3 Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past NMET 93 第一个 is 与时间状语 today 保持一致 第二个 is 则应改为 was 使之与其时间状语 in the past 一致 2 主谓一致 谓语动词在人称和数上应与主语保持一致 例 4 Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library NMET 2000 主语为 A and B 时 谓语动词一般为复数 应改为 are 例 5 One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out NMET 2004 福建 主语为 her parents 谓语应为复数 was 应改为 were 例 6 Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong NMET 98 此处与例 4 例 5 不同 谓语动词 makes 与上下文保持一致 为正确的用法 而 play 须改 Playing 才可与此处其它部分一致 3 平行一致 not only but also either or neither nor 及 and but or 等并列连词或词组连接 的结构可称为平行结构 在平行结构中 词性时态等形式须保持前后一致 例 7 Playing football not only makes but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit NMET 98 依据平行一致原则 此处 give 应与前文 makes 保持一致 改为 gives 例 8 I would describe myself as shy and quietly NMET 2004 I 此句中 and 前后应平行 quietly 应改为形容词 quiet 例 9 However we seldom felt lonely or helplessly NMET 2004 天津 此题迷惑性较大 乍一看 应该没问题 但 felt 后应跟形容词 lonely 是形容词 而 helplessly 是副词 应改为 helpless 4 数的一致 名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致 例 10 You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet NMET 2004 III a few 只修饰复数名词 如保持一致 minute 应改为 minutes 例 11 You know that was a dinner we had waited for several month NMET 2004 江苏 与 several 保持一致的只能是复数名词 month 应改为 months 5 主饰一致 句中的主要词 中心词 应与其修饰词间保持一致 例 12 I would learn a lot of new words from these books but I had terribly problems memorizing them NMET 2004 重庆 修饰名词 problems 的应为形容词 terribly 应改为 terrible 例 13 She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success NMET2000 all 修饰的主语部分应是三者以上故 schoolmate 应为 schoolmates 例 14 Unfortunate there are too many people NMET 99 Unfortunate 应作状语 修饰整个句子 此时应为副词 unfortunately 才可保持一致 例 15 Yes a concert can be very excited NMET 2004 II 系动词后用形容词 excited 应该没错 但事 物做主语时应为 exciting 6 指代一致 用于指代的各类代词应在数 格 性上与上下文保持一致 例 16 And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own NMET 2004 浙江 指代前文 people 与其保持一致应该用 their 故 your 改为 their 例 17 It is us who are to blame for the poverty because we used to NMET 2004 广东 此句为强调句型 其中被强调部分 us 应该是句中主语 故应改为 we 例 18 What is more you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him NMET 2004 湖北 此处 him 应指前文 pupils 故改为 them 才可保持一致 7 语态一致 句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致 例 19 Books may be keep for four weeks NEMT 94 与其主语 Books 相对应 此处应为被动语态 故 keep 应改为 kept 例 20 I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts NMET 2004 II 非谓语动词 giving 与其逻辑主语应该是动宾关系 故应为 given 构成 have something done 8 搭配一致 句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致 例 21 I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf NMET 2000 后跟从句 保持一致须用 so that 结构这一固定搭配 as 改为 that 例 22 They make their lives by collecting and selling used things NMET 2004 广东 Make a ones living 谋生 固定搭配中 不受其前代词 their 影响 只可用 living 例 23 But it didn t matter that I would win or not NMET 2000 与其后 or not 保持一致时应用 whether 例 24 I have neither brothers nor sisters in any other words I am an only child NMET2001 换言之 固定搭配 应为 in other words 9 逻辑一致 这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误 检查时应通篇考虑 重点在连词 代词 肯 定与否定 及相对应的动词如 come 与 go 等 例 25 And when I saw your wife and children waiting for me with warm smiles of welcome on their faces I immediately knew that everything would be all right NMET 2004 辽宁 从上下文看 因为语言问题 我对新的环境感到很担忧 但见到这家人时 一切担忧 都烟消云散 故 And 应为 But 例 26 Unfortunately I won t be able to visit you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon NMET2004 IV 从全句可知 此处应为解释原因 故 although 应改为 because 例 27 And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game NMET 98 通读全文 都是用第一人称 这时突然用到 they 显然不一致 应改为 we 经典演练 I often dream of a teacher I dream of standing on the76 platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys77 and girls I teach them play with them but watch them78 growing up I am always young when I was staying79 with them I know there is not easy to be a teacher You80 have to learn in order to teach Without enough knowledges 81 you can never learn well What is more you have to82 be friends with your pupils and take good care of him 83 Only in this way can you be a good teacher and win84 respect from them Though I am a student now I will work as very hard to make my dream come true 85 2004 年湖北卷 答案 76 以句为单位 找行中错误 从全句意思可知 应为 我梦想 成为 一名教师 故应在 dream of 后加上 being 或 becoming 77 平行一致 And 前后应平行 give 改为 giving 78 逻辑一致 从语义关系上来讲 这三个动词应为顺延关系 but 改为 and 79 时态一致 全文均为现在时态 此处不该用过去时态 was 改为 am 80 搭配