1999英语考研真题

1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题1 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section IStructure and Vocabulary Part A Directions Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A B C and D Choose the one that best completes the sentence Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil 5 points 1 Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery just around the corner was untrue A would be B to be C was D being 2 Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year than automobile accidents A seven more times B seven times more C over seven times D seven times 3 It s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes place in our ever changing world A taking B to take C take D taken 4 This is an exciting area of study and one which new applications are being discovered almost daily A from B by C in D through 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题2 5 can be seen from the comparison of these figures the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition A As B What C That D It 6 Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony I was unable to attend such short notice A to B in C with D on 7 California has more light than it knows to do with but everything else is expensive A how B what C which D where 8 The solution works only for couples who are self employed don t have small children and get along to spend most of their time together A so well B too well C well as D well enough 9 Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about compliments to his political leaders A paying B having paid C to pay D to have paid 10 These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than in traditional media A exist 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题3 B exists C existing D to exist Part B Directions Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A B C and D Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil 5 points 11 Your math instructor happy to give you a makeup would have been A examination and that your parents ill at the had you gone B explained C had been D time 12 As the children become independent the family the emphasis financially A of B family financial security will shift from protection for the retirement on C to save D years 13 the Times Co to purchase another major media company there is no doubt Were A that it dramatically transform a enterprise that still gets 90 could B family ran C of revenues from newspapers its D 14 Symposium talks will cover of subjects over fishing to a wide range A from B physical and factors that affect the of different environment C populations D species 15 Conversation calls for willingness to alternate the role of speaker with of a A one B and it calls for occasional digestive pauses both listener C by D 16 If two theories are equal their ability to account a body of data the theory to A for B 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题4 that with the smaller number of assumptions is does so C to be preferred D 17 The Committee adopted a resolution the seven automakers requiring A selling B the most cars in the state 2 percent of those vehicles making C emissions free D by 1998 18 poor people who in general are colored are As long as A in conflict with B richer people who in general are there s going to be a constant lighter C skin D racial conflict in the world 19 All those may sound in theory but even the left undone A greatly B has great difficulty it comes to specifics truest believer C when D 20 automakers modify commercially produced cars to run alternative Even if A on B the cars won t catch on in a big way drivers can fill them up at the fuels C when D gas station Part C Directions Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A B C and D Choose the one that best completes the sentence Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil 10 points 21 An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to further research and further thinking about a particular topic A stimulate B renovate C arouse D advocate 22 Although architecture has artistic qualities it must also satisfy a number of important practical 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题5 A obligations B regulations C observations D considerations 23 Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss the bread winner s death A at the cost of B on the verge of C as a result of D for the sake of 24 In education there should be a good among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment A distribution B balance C combination D assignment 25 The American dream is most during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism A plausible B patriotic C primitive D partial 26 Poverty is not in most cities although perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas it is more visible there A rare B temporary C prevalent D segmental 27 People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in populated areas A densely B intensely C abundantly D highly 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题6 28 As a way of the mails while they were away the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later A picking up B coping with C passing out D getting across 29 Tom s mother tried hard to persuade him to from his intention to invest his savings in stock market A pull out B give up C draw in D back down 30 An increasing proportion of our population unable to live without advanced medical will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology A interference B interruption C intervention D interaction 31 These causes produced the great change in the country that modernized the of higher education from the mid 1860 s to the mid 1880 s A branch B category C domain D scope 32 Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the in the financial system will drag down the economy A shallowness B shakiness C scantiness D stiffness 33 Crisis would be the right term to describe the in many animal species A minimization B restriction 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题7 C descent D decline 34 The city is an important railroad and industrial and convention center A conjunction B network C junction D link 35 Prof White my respected tutor frequently reminds me to myself of every chance to improve my English A assure B inform C avail D notify 36 Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that disease resistance in neighboring plants A contracts B activates C maintains D prescribes 37 Corporations and labor unions have great benefits upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public A conferred B granted C flung D submitted 38 The movement of the moon conveniently provided the unit of month which was from one new moon to the next A measured B reckoned C judged D assessed 39 The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was to the issue at hand 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题8 A irrational B unreasonable C invalid D irrelevant 40 Fuel scarcities and price increases automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks A persuaded B prompted C imposed D enlightened Section IICloze Test Directions For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked A B C and D Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil 10 points Industrial safety does not just happen Companies low accident rates plan 大41家 their safety programs work hard to organize them and continue working to keep them and active When the work is well done a of accident free 大42家大43家 operations is established time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum 大44家 Successful safety programs may greatly in the emphasis placed on 大45家 certain aspects of the program Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding Others stress safe work practices by rules or regulations others 大46家大47家 depend on an emotional appeal to the worker But there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained There can be no question about the value of a safety program From a financial standpoint alone safety The fewer the injury the better the 大48家大49家 workman s insurance rate This may mean the difference between operating at 大50家 or at a loss 41 A at B in 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题9 C on D with 42 A alive B vivid C mobile D diverse 43 A regulation B climate C circumstance D requirement 44 A where B how C what D unless 45 A alter B differ C shift D distinguish 46 A constituting B aggravating C observing D justifying 47 A Some B Many C Even D Still 48 A comes off B turns up C pays off D holds up 49 A claims 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题10 B reports C declarations D proclamations 50 A an advantage B a benefit C an interest D a profit Section III Reading Comprehension Directions Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers marked A B C and D Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil 40 points Text 1 It s a rough world out there Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat Light up the stove and you could burn down the house Luckily if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes Feeling threatened companies responded by writing ever longer warning labels trying to anticipate every possible accident Today stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn among other things that you might surprise fall off The label on a child s Batman cape cautions that the toy does not enable user to fly While warnings are often appropriate and necessary the dangers of drug interactions for example and many are required by state or federal regulations it isn t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court Now the tide appears to be turning As personal injury claims continue as before some courts are beginning to side with defendants especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn t have changed anything In May Julie Nimmons president of Schutt Sports in Illinois successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet We re really sorry he has become paralyzed but helmets aren t designed to prevent those kinds of injuries says Nimmons The jury agreed that the nature of the game not the helmet was the reason for the athlete s injury At the same time the American Law Institute a group of judges lawyers and academics whose recommendations carry 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题11 substantial weight issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities says a law professor at Cornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines If the moderate end of the legal community has its way the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability 51 What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened A Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits B Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system C Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings D Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised 52 Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to A satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products B become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products C make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability D feel obliged to view customers safety as their first concern 53 The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that A some injury claims were no longer supported by law B helmets were not designed to prevent injuries C product labels would eventually be discarded D some sports games might lose popularity with athletes 54 The author s attitude towards the issue seems to be A biased B indifferent C puzzling D objective Text 2 In the first year or so of Web business most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market More recently as the Web proved to be more than a fashion companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another Such business to business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product they re looking for Nonetheless many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题12 and the supplier says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company s private intranet Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing Until recently Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to pull customers into sites In the past year however software companies have developed tools that allow companies to push information directly out to consumers transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers Most notably the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers computer monitors Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company s Web site Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales product offerings or other events But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited the distinction between the Web and television fades That s a prospect that horrifies Net purists But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money The examples of Virtual Vineyards A and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity hospitality and security will attract online customers And the cost of computing power continues to free fall which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge 55 We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business A has been striving to expand its market B intended to follow a fanciful fashion C tried but in vain to control the market D has been booming for one year or so 56 Speaking of the online technology available for marketing the author implies that A the technology is popular with many Web users B businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions C there is a radical change in strategy D it is accessible limitedly to established partners 57 In the view of Net purists A there should be no marketing messages in online culture 1999 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题13 B money making should be given priority to on the Web C the Web should be able to function as the television set D there should be no online commercial information without requests 58 We learn from the last paragraph that A pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce B interactivity hospitality and security are important to online customers C leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago D setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power Text 3 An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction indeed contradiction which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law It is not simply to raise everyone s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens Rather we have a certain conception of the American citizen a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself But this was not always the case before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated Computer education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools computered advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates ov