RIP-综合实验

精品文档 1欢迎下载 1 R1 R2 R3 R4 运行 RIPV2 2 R1 以广播的形式发送路由给 12 1 1 0 网段 3 R5 运行 RIPV1 4 R1 R2 R4 所在的 12 1 1 0 网段进行 MD5 认证 5 R1 要求看到所有明细路由 6 R3 要看到一条 20 1 0 0 16 汇总路由 7 R1 R3 之间尽量少的更新 8 R3 R5 之间不能有广播和组播更新 9 R4 上不能看到 20 1 1 0 20 1 2 0 20 1 3 0 的路由 10 R2 上看到 5 5 5 0 的路由为 10 跳 11 R5 向 RIP 通告一条黙认路由 R2 config interface loopback 1 R2 config if ip address 20 1 1 2 255 255 255 0 R2 config interface loopback 2 R2 config if ip address 20 1 2 2 255 255 255 0 R2 config interface Loopback3 R2 config if ip address 20 1 3 2 255 255 255 0 R2 config int f0 0 R2 config if ip add 12 1 1 2 255 255 255 0 R2 config if no shutdown R2 config if duplex full 精品文档 2欢迎下载 R4 config interface loopback 1 R4 config if ip add 4 4 4 4 255 255 255 0 R4 config int f0 0 R4 config if ip add 12 1 1 4 255 255 255 0 R4 config if no shutdown R4 config if duplex full R1 config int f0 0 R1 config if ip add 12 1 1 1 255 255 255 0 R1 config if no shutdown R2 config if duplex full R1 config if interface s1 1 R1 config if ip add 13 1 1 1 255 255 255 0 R1 config if no shutdown R3 config int s1 1 R3 config if ip add 13 1 1 3 255 255 255 0 R3 config if no shut R3 config if int s1 0 R3 config if ip add 35 1 1 3 255 255 255 0 R3 config if no shutdown R5 config interface loopback 1 R5 config if ip add 5 5 5 5 255 255 255 0 R5 config int s1 0 R5 config if ip add 35 1 1 5 255 255 255 0 R5 config if no shutdown 按以上配置好后 使用 ping 命令确保网络连通性正常 1 R1 R2 R3 R4 运行 RIPV2 精品文档 3欢迎下载 R2 config router rip 启用 RIP 协议 R2 config router version 2 启用 RIPv2 版本 R2 config router network 20 0 0 0 宣告主类网段 R2 config router network 12 0 0 0 R2 config router no auto summary 不发自动汇总路由 R4 config router rip R4 config router version 2 R4 config router no auto summary R4 config router network 4 0 0 0 R4 config router network 12 0 0 0 R1 config router rip R1 config router version 2 R1 config router no auto summary R1 config router network 12 0 0 0 R1 config router network 13 0 0 0 R3 config router rip R3 config router version 2 R3 config router no auto summary R3 config router network 13 0 0 0 R3 config router network 35 0 0 0 2 R1 以广播的形式发送路由给 12 1 1 0 网段 R1 config int f0 0 R1 config if ip rip v2 broadcast 接口下以广播的形式发送版本 2 的更新 R1 config if do debug ip rip 启用 debug 调试路由更新 可看到 R1 在 F0 0 口上使用广播更新 精品文档 4欢迎下载 Sep 6 20 36 08 895 RIP sending v2 update to 255 255 255 255 via FastEthernet0 0 12 1 1 1 Sep 6 20 36 08 895 RIP build update entries Sep 6 20 36 08 895 13 1 1 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 Sep 6 20 36 08 895 35 1 1 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 2 tag 0 3 R5 运行 RIPV1 R5 config router rip R5 config router ver R5 config router version 1 R5 config router network 5 0 0 0 R5 config router network 35 0 0 0 此时在 R5 上查看路由只有直连接路由 其它路由器上没有 R5 的路由 原因是 R5 上运行的是 v1 版本 V1 只收发运行 V1 路由 其它路由器上运行的是 V2 V2 只收发 运行 V2 路由 解决的方法是 在接口下控制发送接收的更新版本路由 可见后面明细路由时的配 置 4 R1 R2 R4 所在的 12 1 1 0 网段进行 MD5 认证 R1 config key chain cisco 定义钥匙链名称 只有本地意 义 路由器之间的 key chain 可以不同 R1 config keychain key 1 指定 Key ID 值 R1 config keychain key key string tgh 指定 Key 密码 路由器之间的 Key string 要保持一致 R1 config keychain key exit R1 config keychain exit 精品文档 5欢迎下载 R1 config int f0 0 R1 config if ip rip authentication mode md5 在接口下启用 Md5 认证方式 默认为明文 R1 config if ip rip authentication key chain cisco 接口下调用钥匙链 R2 config key chain cisco R2 config keychain key 1 R2 config keychain key key string tgh Key string 要保持一致 R2 config keychain key exit R2 config keychain exit R2 config int f0 0 R2 config if ip rip authentication mode md5 R2 config if ip rip authentication key chain cisco R4 config key chain cisco R4 config keychain key 1 R4 config keychain key key string tgh Key string 要保持一致 R4 config keychain key exit R4 config keychain exit R4 config int f0 0 R4 config if ip rip authentication mode md5 R4 config if ip rip authentication key chain cisco 明文认证的匹配原则是 发送方发送最小的 Key ID 的密钥 key string 并且不 带 Key ID 接收方会和所有的 key chain 中的密钥 key string 匹配 如果匹配 成功 才能过认证 MD5 认证的匹配原则是 发送方发送最小的 key ID 的密钥 key string 并携带 Key ID 号码 接收方会先去匹配具有相同的 Key ID 的密钥 如果密钥相同 则只 匹配一次 就可决定认证是否成功 如果没有相同的 Key ID 只向下查找一次 Key ID 只检查该 Key ID 号中的密钥 匹配 认证成功 不匹配 认证失败 注 RIP 中每一个路由更新报文最大可包含 25 条路由 做了明文认证后只能包含 24 条 做了 MD5 认证后只能包含 23 条 精品文档 6欢迎下载 5 R1 要求看到所有明细路由 R5 config router rip R5 config router no auto summary 关闭汇总 R5 config int s1 0 R5 config if ip rip send version 2 接口模式下发送 V2 更新 此时其它 路由器学到 R5 上的所有条目 R5 config if ip rip receive version 2 接口模式下接收 V2 更新 此时 R5 学到其它路由器上的所有路由 6 R3 要看到一条 20 1 0 0 16 汇总路由 R3 show ip route Codes C connected S static R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 i IS IS su IS IS summary L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 35 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 35 1 1 0 is directly connected Serial1 0 4 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 4 4 4 0 120 2 via 13 1 1 1 00 00 12 Serial1 1 20 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 3 subnets R 20 1 1 0 120 2 via 13 1 1 1 00 00 12 Serial1 1 此时 20 段 路由并没有汇总 精品文档 7欢迎下载 R 20 1 3 0 120 2 via 13 1 1 1 00 00 12 Serial1 1 R 20 1 2 0 120 2 via 13 1 1 1 00 00 12 Serial1 1 5 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 5 5 5 0 120 1 via 35 1 1 5 00 00 15 Serial1 0 12 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 12 1 1 0 120 1 via 13 1 1 1 00 00 12 Serial1 1 13 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 13 1 1 0 is directly connected Serial1 1 R1 config int s1 1 R1 config if ip summary address rip 20 1 0 0 255 255 0 0 通过在 R1 的 S1 1 接口上手动汇总路由 如此可减少路由条目 并可节省内存开销 R3 clear ip route R3 show ip route Codes C connected S static R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 i IS IS su IS IS summary L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 35 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 35 1 1 0 is directly connected Serial1 0 4 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 4 4 4 0 120 2 via 13 1 1 1 00 00 01 Serial1 1 20 0 0 0 16 is subnetted 1 subnets 此时到的 是一条 20 1 0 0 16 汇总路由 R 20 1 0 0 120 2 via 13 1 1 1 00 00 01 Serial1 1 精品文档 8欢迎下载 12 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 12 1 1 0 120 1 via 13 1 1 1 00 00 01 Serial1 1 13 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 13 1 1 0 is directly connected Serial1 1 7 R1 R3 之间尽量少的更新 R3 config int s1 1 触发更新是只在拓扑发生变化的情况下才发 送路由更新信息 平时不会周期性发送路由更新 R3 config if ip rip triggered 接口下开启触发更新 只适用在串行链路 且 两边要同时开启 否则无效 有变化才更新 适合于低带宽链路 R1 config int s1 1 R1 config if ip rip triggered 8 R3 R5 之间不能有广播和组播更新 R3 config router rip R3 config router neighbor 35 1 1 5 R3 config router passive interface s1 0 指定 RIP 以单播的形式发送更新 给指定的邻居 passive 只关闭广播和组播不能关闭单播 R5 config router rip R5 config router neighbor 35 1 1 3 R5 config router passive interface s1 0 精品文档 9欢迎下载 9 R4 上不能看到 20 1 1 0 20 1 2 0 20 1 3 0 的路由 R4 config do show ip route Codes C connected S static R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 i IS IS su IS IS summary L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 35 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 35 1 1 0 120 2 via 12 1 1 1 00 00 01 FastEthernet0 0 4 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 4 4 4 0 is directly connected Loopback1 20 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 3 subnets R 20 1 1 0 120 1 via 12 1 1 2 00 00 02 FastEthernet0 0 R 20 1 3 0 120 1 via 12 1 1 2 00 00 02 FastEthernet0 0 R 20 1 2 0 120 1 via 12 1 1 2 00 00 02 FastEthernet0 0 5 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 5 5 5 0 120 3 via 12 1 1 1 00 00 01 FastEthernet0 0 12 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 12 1 1 0 is directly connected FastEthernet0 0 13 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 13 1 1 0 120 1 via 12 1 1 1 00 00 07 FastEthernet0 0 R4 config rouer rip R4 config router distance 255 20 1 1 2 255 255 255 0 通过将管理距离 值设为 255 从而使 R4 上不再有 20 1 0 0 段的路由 R4 config router distance 255 20 1 2 2 255 255 255 0 精品文档 10欢迎下载 R4 config router distance 255 20 1 3 2 255 255 255 0 R4 config router do clear ip route R4 config router do show ip route Codes C connected S static R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 i IS IS su IS IS summary L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 35 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 35 1 1 0 120 2 via 12 1 1 1 00 00 06 FastEthernet0 0 4 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 4 4 4 0 is directly connected Loopback1 5 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 5 5 5 0 120 3 via 12 1 1 1 00 00 06 FastEthernet0 0 12 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 12 1 1 0 is directly connected FastEthernet0 0 13 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 13 1 1 0 120 1 via 12 1 1 1 00 00 06 FastEthernet0 0 也可通过偏移列表实现 10 R2 上看到 5 5 5 0 的路由为 10 跳 R2 config router do show ip route Codes C connected S static R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 精品文档 11欢迎下载 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 i IS IS su IS IS summary L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 35 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 35 1 1 0 120 2 via 12 1 1 1 00 00 23 FastEthernet0 0 4 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 4 4 4 0 120 1 via 12 1 1 4 00 00 06 FastEthernet0 0 20 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 3 subnets C 20 1 1 0 is directly connected Loopback1 C 20 1 3 0 is directly connected Loopback3 C 20 1 2 0 is directly connected Loopback2 5 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 5 5 5 0 120 3 via 12 1 1 1 00 00 23 FastEthernet0 0 默认 为 3 跳 12 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 12 1 1 0 is directly connected FastEthernet0 0 13 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 13 1 1 0 120 1 via 12 1 1 1 00 00 19 FastEthernet0 0 R2 config access list 1 permit 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 255 使用偏移更表 R2 config router rip R2 config router offset list 1 in 7 由于默认为 3 跳 此 处再偏移 7 跳即可 R2 config router do clear ip route R2 config router do show ip route Codes C connected S static R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 精品文档 12欢迎下载 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 i IS IS su IS IS summary L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 35 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 35 1 1 0 120 2 via 12 1 1 1 00 00 04 FastEthernet0 0 4 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 4 4 4 0 120 1 via 12 1 1 4 00 00 04 FastEthernet0 0 20 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 3 subnets C 20 1 1 0 is directly connected Loopback1 C 20 1 3 0 is directly connected Loopback3 C 20 1 2 0 is directly connected Loopback2 5 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 5 5 5 0 120 10 via 12 1 1 1 00 00 04 FastEthernet0 0 变 为 10 跳 12 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets C 12 1 1 0 is directly connected FastEthernet0 0 13 0 0 0 24 is subnetted 1 subnets R 13 1 1 0 120 1 via 12 1 1 1 00 00 00 FastEthernet0 0 11 R5 向 RI