被动语态的八大时态.ppt

语态分类 英语动词有两种语态 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 如 Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver 主动 Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver 被动 汉语中常用 被 给 由 受 等词用来表示被动 而英语用 助动词be 及物动词的过去分词构成 被动语态常用的八种时态1 一般现在时 Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry Theschooldoesn tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher 2 一般过去时 Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth Thestudentdidn tforgethislessonseasily Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten 3 一般将来时 Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea Carswillbesentabroadbysea Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool leavers Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool leavers 4 过去将来时 Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible 5 现在进行时 TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio Wearepaintingtherooms Theroomsarebeingpainted byus 6 过去进行时 Whydidn ttheydrivethereontime Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad Becausetheroadwasbeingmended Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear 7 现在完成时 Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff Wehavebroughtdowntheprice Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown 8 过去完成时 WhenIgottothetheatre Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets WhenIgottothetheatre Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader 9 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态是由 情态动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 构成 Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim 被动语态构成比较 10 动词不定式的被动语态betodo betobedonebegoingtodo begoingtobedonebeabouttodo beabouttobedoneEg Heistoreadanovel Anovelistobereadbyhim Theyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow Ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow Theyareabouttoshootthemurderer Themurdererisabouttobeshotbythem 1 Thepolicefoundthatthehouse andalotofthings A hasbrokeninto hasbeenstolenB hadbrokeninto hadbeenstolenC hasbeenbrokeninto stolenD hadbeenbrokeninto stolen D Practice 2 Ifcitynoises fromincreasing people shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow A arenotkept willhavetoB arenotkept havetoC donotkeep willhavetoD donotkeep haveto A 3 thesportsmeetmightbeputoff Yes italldependsontheweather A I vebeentoldB I vetoldC I mtoldD Itold 4 Themathsproblem amongthestudentssoon A isabouttobediscussB isgoingtobediscussedC istodiscussD isgoingtohavebeendiscussed A B 一 语态转换时要注意的问题1 把主动语态变为被动语态时 其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致 其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致 Wehaveboughtanewcomputer Anewcomputerhasbeenbought 正确 Anewcomputerhavebeenbought 错误 2 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时 可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语 另一个不动 一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多 Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday 如果把直接宾语 指物 改为主语 则在间接宾语 指人 前加适当的介词 如上句还可以说 Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday 保留宾语 注意 一般在下列动词后 常在间接宾语前用介词to 如 bring give lend offer pass promise sell show teach tell等 Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass Mybikewaslenttoher 一般在下列动词后 间接宾语前用介词for 如 buy cook choose fetch get make order 等 Mothermademeanewskirt Anewskirtwasmadeforme Themeatwascookedforus 3 由动词 介词或副词构成的短语动词 要把它们作为整体看 即把它们看成一个及物动词 介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有laughat operateon lookafter makefunof makeuseoftakecareof carryout giveup handin pointout putaway putoff turndown workout talkabout等 Thepatientisbeingoperatedon Theproblemissolved Itneedn tbetalkedabout Hisrequestwasturneddown Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather Achildistakengoodcareof 4 带复合宾语 宾语 宾补 的动词改为被动语态时 一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语 而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面 如 a 动词 宾语 adjWealwayskeeptheclassroomclean Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean b 动词 宾语 nTheychoseTomcaptain Tomwaschosencaptain c 动词 宾语 todoShetoldustofollowherinstructions Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions d 动词 宾语 doingIfoundhimlyingonthefloor hewasfoundlyingonthefloor e 动词 宾语 doneWefoundallourseatsoccupied Allourseatswerefoundoccupied 注意 在see watch hear notice listento lookat make feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to 但改成被动语态后都带to Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar Hismothermakeshimcleantheroomeveryday Heismadetocleantheroomeveryday 二 某些动词用主动表被动 1 Thepicturelooksbeautiful 1 表状态特征的连系动词 后面跟形容词或名词构成系表结构 其主动形式表被动含义 感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义 如 feel look seem taste sound remain turnout smell等 Theflowerslookbeautiful Whathesaidsoundsreasonable Therosessmellsweet Themedicinetastesbitter Doyoulikethematerial Yes itfeelsverysoft 误 Itisfeltverysoft Thefoodtastesdelicious 误 Thefoodistasteddelicious Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful 误 Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful 2 有些动词既是及物又是不及物 当它们和well badly easily等副词连用时 表示主语内在品质或性能 是不及物动词 用主动表示被动 这时不用被动语态 常见的有 write read clean sell dry wash cook wear等 如 Theclothwasheseasily 这布很好洗 Somesilkswashwell Thenewproductsellswell 这新产品很畅销 Thepenwritessmoothly 这支笔写字很流畅 Thepoemreadsfluently Theshoeswearwell ThepapertearseasilyThiskindofclothdrieseasily 对比 Thebookssellwell 主动句 Thebooksweresoldout 被动句 Themeatdidn tcookwell 主动句 Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat 被动句 3 want need require作 需要 解时及beworth inneedof后接动词 常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义 Eg 1 Theflowerneeds wants requireswatering Yourhairneeds wants requirescutting Thecomputerneeds wants requiresreqairing 2 Thesong musicisworthlisteningto 3 Histeachingmethodisinneedofimproving 4 不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语 或宾语 构成逻辑上的动宾关系时 Thesentenceiseasytounderstand Shefoundtheproblemhardtodealwith Theboxisheavytolift Thepictureispleasanttolookat Thenovelisinterestingtoread 此类形容词 difficult comfortable pleasant fit interesting unfit light heavy dangerous etc 5 不定式作名词的后置定语 和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系 同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系 不定式常用主动形式表被动含义 Shehadonlyacoldroomtolivein Ihaveameetingtoattend Ihavealotofhomeworktodo Shehasmanychildrentolookafter Igavehimacaketoeat Igavehimabooktoread 第一 一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态 如 takeplace comeabout breakout belongto consistof addupto comeintobeing cometrue turnout等 如 Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding 误 Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina 误 GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina 三 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句 第二 不及物动词没有被动语态 如 rise happen succeed remain lie等 Whenwegottothetopofthemountain thesunhadalreadyrisen 误 Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen Aftertheearthquake fewhousesremained 误 Aftertheearthquake fewhouseswereremained 例如 据说 Itissaid thoughtthat 据报导 Itisreportedthat 据推测 Itissupposedthat 希望 Itishopedthat 众所周知 Itiswellknownthat 普遍认为 Itisgenerallyconsideredthat 有人建议 Itissuggestedthat 1 Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow 2 ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp 3 ItissaidthatMr GreenhasarrivedinBeijing 四 在汉语中 有一类句子不出现主语 在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示 五 英语中一些词的被动结构表主动意义 bedressedin beseatedin at beside nexttobeaddictedto bedeterminedtobedevotedto beabsorbedin bedisappointedat belostin beengagedin beoccupiedin befacedwith Eg 1 Sheisseatedonthesofa 2 Addictedtosurfingtheinternet theboyoftenescapesfromclasses 3 Determinedtogiveupsmoking hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes 4 Disappointedatfailinginthemathexam Kentawouldn tliketotalkaboutittohisparents 5 Judithlayonthesofa absorbedinherbook 六 介词in on under 名词短语表被动意义 常见的有 undercontrol undertreatment underrepair underdiscussion underconstruction beyondbelief beyondone sreach beyondone scontrol inprint insight onsale onshow ontrial outofcontrol outofsight outofone sreach outoffashion Eg 1 Thebuildingisunderconstruction isbeingconstructed 2 Theplanewasoutofcontrol can tbecontrolled 3 Theroadisunderrepair isbeingrepaired 4 Todaysometreasuresareonshow arebeingshown inthemuseum 1 Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful They welland already A sell havebeensoldoutB sold hadsoldoutC sell selloutD aresold havebeensoldout2 IsawDaveinliftthismorning Really He aroundhereforalongtime A won tbeseenB wasn tseeC hasn tbeenseenD hadn tbeenseen A C 3 Thewindowisdirty Iknow It forweeks hasn tcleanedB didn tcleanC wasn tcleanedD hasn tbeencleaned4 Thehero sstory differentlyinthenewspapers wasreportedB wasreportingreportsD reported D A 5 Whydidyouleavethatposition I abetterpositionatIBM offerB offeredC amofferedD wasoffered6 Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool abroadtostudymedicinelastyear sentB weresentC hadsentD hadbeensent D D 7 Thepoliceman sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich placedundertheMinister scar hasbeenB wasbeingC hadbeenD wouldbe8 Millionsofpounds worthdamage byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight A hasbeencausedB hadbeencausedC willbecausedD willhavebeencaused9 Whentheoldman towalkbacktohishouse thesun itselfbehindthemountain started hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted hadalreadyhiddenC hadstarted washidingD wasstarting hid C B A 10 Thewater coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise wasfeltB isfeltC feltD feels11 Themomentthe28thOlympicGames open thewholeworldcheered A declaredB havebeendeclaredC havedeclaredD weredeclared C D 12 MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16 year oldboy sayingthathewasnottheone A blamedB blamingC toblameD tobeblamed13 Inaroomabovethestore whereaparty someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable A wastobeheldB hasbeenheldC willbeheldD isbeingheld C A 14 Idon tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit Wellsurprisinglytheydo Amanhasbeenarrestedand now A hasbeenquestionedB isbeingquestionedC isquestioningD hasquestioned15 Thenewtypeofcellphone betterifitisadvertisedonTV A willsellB sellsC wouldsellD sold B A 16 Thebridgewhich lastyearlooksreallybeautiful