英语学科虚拟语气小结-资料.ppt

WehavelearnedaboutXiaoHua AsanAIDSpatient shehassomewishes Doyouremembersomeofherwishes RevisionandLead in 1 IfIweretolivelongenoughtohaveajob Iwouldchoosetobeadoctor helpingtheseAIDSpatients 2 IfIwereyou IwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug 3 IwishIcouldremembermoreaboutmymum 4 Iwishthatshewereherewithmeandthatweweren tsick 5 IwishpeoplewouldfindoutthefactsandnotactasifIwereabadordangerousperson Unit7 8Grammar TheSubjunctiveMood 一 虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式 一种是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 而是一种假设 猜测 怀疑等 在条件从句中或让步状语从句中 另一种是表示说话人的愿望 要求 命令 建议等 在宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 二 虚拟语气在在条件从句中 一 在条件从句中 叫虚拟条件句 表示与事实相反的条件 分三种情况 以do为例 例 IfIhadcomehereyesterday Iwouldhaveseenhim Ifyouhadgotupearlier youcouldhavecaughtthetrain 如果你早一点起床 就会赶上火车的 Ifthey theyiteasilythatday 1 如果他们以前努力学习的话 那天做得就会容易些 2 如果他不听取我的建议 他就不会干得这样好 Ifhemyadvice havedoneitmuchbetterlikethis hadstudiedhard couldhavedone hadnottaken hewouldn t IfI have timelastnight I go toseethefilmwithyou hadhad wouldhavegone Ifhe drive morecarefully he have thecaraccidentyesterday haddriven wouldnothavehad IfI learn howtoswim I trap inthisisland wouldnothavebeentrapped hadlearnt 例 IfIwereateacher Iwouldbekindtomystudents IfIhadHIV IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick had would were wouldbe feel Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery IfIwonthelottery Iwould IfIwonthelottery Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar IfIhadalotofmoney Iwouldbuyavilla IfIhadalotofmoneynow Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld Ifitwerefinenow Iwouldgoshopping IfI ateacher I were 1 Iftheteacheraskedmetosolvetheproblemnexttime Icouldtrymybest 2 Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime hewouldtryagain 3 Ifweweretopanic wewouldnotbeabletohelp 如果你成功了 一切都会好起来 Ifyou everything allright Ifyou everything allright Ifyou everything allright succeeded wouldbe shouldsucceed wouldbe weretosucceed wouldbe Ifhe get upearlytomorrow he be ontime got wouldbe Shouldhefailintheexperiment 当从句中有were had或should时 可省略if 而把它们放在句首 IfIweretomeethimtomorrow Ishouldaskhimaboutit 二 省略if的条件从句 WereItomeethimtomorrow Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime hewouldtryagain 如果他们以前努力学习的话 现在干的就会容易些 三 错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同 此时 需要按时间来确定虚拟形式如 Iftheyhadstudiedhard theycoulddoiteasilynow Ifthestaffmorecareful themallonfirenow hadbeen wouldnotbe 3 Ifyou himyesterday you whattodonow 如果昨天你问他的话 他现在就知道该怎么做了 2 Ifhe myadvice he itmuchbetterlikethis 如果他不听取我的建议 他就不会干得这样好 hadnottaken wouldn tdo hadasked wouldknow 一些介词短语 如 butfor 要不是 without otherwise 否则 等表示含蓄的条件 这时主句要用虚拟语气 与过去事实相反的情况 1 Withoutyourhelp wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress 四 含蓄条件句 2 Butformybrother shelp I finish itontime 3 Ihadtodosth moreimportant otherwiseI help wouldnothavefinished mighthavehelped 三 虚拟语气在在宾语从句中 1 记住 这些动词后面接的宾语从句 表示愿望 wish 建议 suggest advice propose recommend 要求 demand request require insist 命令 order command 等 除wish外 其它动词用should do构成 should可以省略 Wish InSubjunctivemood IwishIwereastallasyou IwishIwereabird Iwish wishedIhadn teatensomuchwatermelon Iwishitwouldraintomorrow wish接宾语从句有三种情况 1 Iwishshe be onmyside 2 IwishI be 30yearsyounger Iwish that you get agoodjob Hewishedhe do it 5 Heorderedthatthestudents wash theclotheseveryweekbythemselves wouldbe were wouldget hadn tdone wash 2 记住 insist suggest各有两种意思 要用不同的语气Insist表示 坚决要求 时 用虚拟形式 即should do Insist表示 坚称 坚持说 时 用陈述语气 表示事实 Suggest表示 建议 时 用should do形式 Suggest表示 表明 暗示 时 用陈述语气 Theteachersuggestedthatwe theblackboardafterclass 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了 Heinsistedthatallofus thereontimebyanymeans 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿 Heinsistedthathe right should clean shouldbe was 虚拟语气在在主语从句中 在句型 Itisimportant necessary strange natural that 中 that后面的从句中的谓语动词用 should 动词原形1 It snecessarythatwe awalknow 我们有必要出去散散步 2 It snaturalthatshe so 她这样做是很自然的 3 It simportantthatwe goodcareofthepatient 重要的是我们要照顾好病人 shouldhave shoulddo shouldtake 虚拟语气在在表语从句中 主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望 wish desire 建议 suggestion advice 要求 requirement demand 命令 order command 等的名词 表语从句的谓语动词用 should do Oursuggestionisthatyou thereontime should be 虚拟语气在在同位语从句中 同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望 建议 要求 命令等的名词 Thesuggestionthatstudents somethingpracticalisworthconsidering Doyouknowtheorderthatyou watch should learn should keep 在would had rather 宁愿 引导的宾语从句中 当从句表示现在或将来的时间时 谓语动词要用一般过去时 表示过去时间时 谓语动词要用过去完成时 Iwouldratherhe tomorrowthantoday came asif asthough 在asif从句中 常用虚拟形式 即表示与现在事实相反 用过去式 与过去事实相反用过去完成式 haddone 一 asif连接表语从句Shelookedasifshe madeofice 她看起来似乎是冰做的 Helookedasifhe sleep fortwodays were hadn tslept 二 asif连接让步状语从句Shelookedaftertheboyasifhe herownson 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样 Hespeakstousasifhe there 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿 were hadbeen HetalksaboutRomeasthoughhehadbeentherehimself 他谈论起罗马就好像他亲自去过那儿一样 MakewishesusingtheSubjunctiveMood IwishIcouldgetallbeautifuldresses 2 IwishIcouldgettothemoon 3 IwishIhadamagiclamptoachieveallmywishes Explainthesentences 1 IwishIcouldremembermoreaboutmymum It sapitythatsheisn thereandthatwearesick 2 IwishpeoplewouldfindoutthefactsandnotactasifIwereabadordangerousperson It sapitythatitisdifficultforpeopletofindoutthefactsaboutAIDSandthattheythinkthatIamabadordangerousperson 3 IfIwereyou IwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug IthinkthatyoushouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug 4 IfIhadHIV IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick IwillknowIhaveHIVbecauseIwillfeelsick AndinfactIdon thaveHIV Practising RewritethesentenceswithIwish 1 Ican tsolvemyproblems IwishIcouldsolvemyproblems 2 You vebeenworkingtoohard Iwishyouhadn tbeenworkingtoohard 3 Ican tforgettheterriblescene IwishIcouldforgettheterriblescene 4 Wehaven tgotenoughmoney IwishIhadgotenoughmoney 5 I mafraidtheperformancewon tgowell Iwishtheperformancewouldgowell 6 Idon thavemanyfriends IwishIhadmanyfriends Rewritethesentenceswithif clause 1 Iwanttobuythesebooks butIdon thaveenoughmoney IfIhadenoughmoney Iwouldbuythesebooks 2 Itiscoldandwetoutside Wedon tletthechildrenplayinthegarden Ifitweren tcoldandwetoutside wewouldletthechildrenplayinthegarden 3 You rewastingsomuchtimeplayingcomputergames Youwon tpassthetest IfIwereyou Iwouldn twastesomuchtimeplayingcomputergames 4 Hehastoworkhardalldaylong sohedoesn thavetimetodotheshopping Ifhedidn thavetoworkhardalldaylong hewouldhavetimetodotheshopping Writeyouranswertothefollowingquestions Whatwouldyoudoif youwereafamouspersonforaday IfIwereafamouspersonforaday Iwouldhelpthepoorpeople youcouldbeinvisibleforaday IfIcouldbeinvisibleforaday Iwouldexperiencethelifeofblindpeople youhadalotofmon