TPO 8听力文本解析.doc

Conversation 1registrar注册主管A registrar is an administrative official in a college or university who is responsible for student records. 注册主任process处理hi, Id like to drop off my graduation form, I understand you need this in order to process my diploma.我来提交我的毕业表格，我知道你们需要这个来办理/处理我的毕业证书。warning flag 警告标志；警钟In the meantime, experts have raised a warning flag about a few specific chemicals. 与此同时，专家警告要注意几种特定的化学物质。academic record学业成绩Who you are is as important as your academic record. 与你的学业成绩一样重要的是你的为人。whats what事实真相；究竟是什么He will you whats what in time. 他到时候会把事实真相告诉你的。Are you familiar with our graduation requirements? 你熟悉/清楚了解毕业要求吗？例句：I liked to meander through familiar streets. 我喜欢闲逛着穿过熟悉的街道。（meander蜿蜒而行；漫步 ）major field专业领域 intermediate level中级（课程；introductory courses, intermediate, advanced) department chair系主任 outline a plan定出计划的大纲issue letters 发出信件issue发行，发布：(报刊杂志的）一期I needed 8 more courses at the intermediate level or higher in the last 2 years to be OK.我在最后两年里需要再修8门中等或中等以上的课程。it could be that I have taken 2 basic courses but coupled both of them with field experiences. 可能是我选修的两门基础课，但是这两个都有相应的实地研究。couple。with 与。相结合；伴随I could only take intro courses because there were no intermediate level courses available for those particular topics. 因为这些课题没有对应的中级课程可选，所以我只能选入门课。some of my classmates, did this for an easy way to meet their intermediate course requirement, but I did it to get the kind of depth in those topics I was going for. 我的一些同学这么做是为了这比较容易完成中级课程（(credits）的要求，但是我是为了对所学的课题有比较深入的了解。As it turned out I really enjoyed the field work,it was a nice supplement to just sitting and listening to lectures. 实际情况也证明，我很享受做实地研究的过程，我觉得这对单纯坐在教室听课来说，是一个很有益的补充。but the computer is still showing them as basic level courses despite the field work. 虽然有实地研究，但是电脑还是显示为基础课程。just contact your chair person immediately,立即联系你的系主任 tell him to call me as soon as possible让他尽快给我打电话 so that we can verify your field work arrangement and certify those credits right away. 核实你的实地研究，并把你的学分核查好。its not like there is an actual deadline to date or anything.这不是说有一个确定的最后期限。but if more than a few weeks go by, we might have a real problem that would very difficult to fix in time for you to graduate. 如果几周后还没核实好的话，那就真的出问题了。那就很难及时调整让你顺利毕业了。Lecture 1 Animal behavior 动物行为passive habitat selection被动的栖息地选择make active choices 主动做出选择they are dispersed by some other agent, like the wind. 他们由其他媒介，如风所传播。agent媒介，中介if the seeds land in a suitable habitat, they do well and reproduce. 他们如果落到一个适宜的环境，他们能长得不错并且繁殖。with active habitat selection, an organism is able to physically select where to live and breed. 主动选择栖息地的生物能够选择自身在何处生长和繁殖。 breeding habitat 繁衍栖息的场所 preference for particular types of habitats 对特定类型栖息地的优先考虑so look at the effect this preference can have by looking at some examples. 通过几个例子来看选择栖息地的倾向可能会产生的结果/影响。effect 影响；效果 lets recap 扼要回顾一下。there are some key elements that a habitat must contain, food obviously, water, its got to have the right climate and spaces for physical protection. 栖息地必须包括一些关键的因素：食物，水，还必须具有适宜的气候和自我保护的空间。and we saw how important habitat selection is when we look at habitats where some of these factors are removed, perhaps through habitats destruction. 我们知道栖息地的选择很重要。有的栖息地受到破坏，一些重要的有利于生物生存的条件随之也没有了。shorebird 岸禽类鸟 the plover lives by the ocean and feeds on small shellfish, insects and plants. plover 生活在海边，吃小的甲克类水生动物，昆虫和植物。it blends in with the sand, so its well-camouflaged from predators birds above. 它与沙滩混为一体，这是很好的掩护。他们能躲避上空盘旋的掠夺性的鸟类。it lays its eggs in shallow depressions in the sand with very protection around them. 它们在沙坑里下蛋，这些蛋四周没有什么防护物体。so if there are people or dogs on the beach, the eggs and fledglings in the nests are really vulnerable. 如果人或者狗在沙滩上，窝里的蛋和幼鸟，就相当危险。out in the California where there has been a lot of human development by the ocean. 在加利福尼亚，海洋边上，有很多的人工建筑。the plovers are now a threatened species. the plovers现在是濒危物种了。so conservationists tried to recreate a new habitat for them. 所以很多动物保护主义者尝试为他们重建一个栖息地。they made artificial beaches and sand bars in areas inaccessible to people and dogs. 他们在人和狗到不了的地方修造人工沙滩和沙洲。and the plover population is up quite a bit in those places. 在这些地方，plover 鸟的数量增加了不少。thats an instance where a habitat is made less suitable. 那是一个不太适宜的栖息地。what about cases where an animal exhibits a clear choice between two suitable habitats? exhibit a clear choice between .在，之间表现出明显的选择。in cases like that, does the preference matter? 在那样的情况下，倾向性重要吗？blue warbler 蓝莺The Blue warbler is a songbird that lives in North America. 蓝莺是北美的一种鸣鸟。they clearly prefer hard wood forests with dense shrubs, bushes underneath the trees. 他们明显倾向于有着稠密的灌木丛的硬木森林。they actually nest in the shrubs, not the trees. 他们在灌木丛中筑巢。but these warblers also nest in forests that have low shrub density. 但是蓝莺也在灌木丛稀疏的森林里筑巢。it is usually the younger warblers that nest in these areas because the preferred spots where there are a lot of shrubs are taken by the older, more dominant birds. 通常是较为年轻的蓝莺在这些地方筑巢，因为更好的地方已经被占主导地位的成年鸟占领。which suggests that the choice of where to nest does have an impact on the number of chicks they have. 在哪里筑巢确实会影响到能繁殖多少只雏鸟。but a preferred environment doesnt always seem to correlate with greater reproductive success.但是首选的环境并不总是意味着高的繁殖率。studies have been done on the reproductive success rates for the birds in both areas, and the result showed surprisingly that the reproductive success was essentially the same in both areas. which lower the suitability of the prime habitat even though its their preferred habitat. 那会降低主栖息地的适合性。it looks like competition for resources is another important factor in determining if a particular habitat is suitable. 争夺资源也是判断一个栖息地是否合适的重要因素。Lecture 2 art history 艺术历史there were, our book mentions, classes for women artists. 我们书上提到，有为女学生开设的课程。take private lessons 上私教课so within a few decades, things had changed significantly. 在几十年内，情况发生了很大的变化。a private art academy opened in Paris. 在巴黎开办一家私人艺术学院。for decades it was probably the most famous private art school in the world. 在长达几十年的过程中，这所学校可能是世界上最有名的。canny精明的and quickly established his school as a premier destination for women artists. 很快建立了他的学校（的声望），成为女性学习艺术的首选之地what he did was: after an initial trail period of mixed classes, he changed the school policy. 在最开始经过一段男女混校的试验期后，他改变了学校政策。he completely separated the men and women students. 他将男女学生完全分开。Julian was a brilliant man, with progressive ideas. Julian是个非常聪明的生意人，他具有超前的想法。he saw that another small private art school where all the students were women was very popular at that time. 他当时看到，一个全是女学生的学校会很受欢迎。and thats probably why he adopted the women only classes. 那大概是为什么他采用专门对女学生开放的班级吧。this was a big deal because finally women could study art in a formal setting. 这是很大的进步，因为女性终于可以正式在教室学习艺术了。 and there was another benefit to the group sitting of these classes. 这些班级的集体性学习模式也有另一个好处。the classes included weekly criticism. 这些班级会进行每周一次的测评。and the teacher would rank the art of all the students in the class from best to worst. 老师会全班学生的作品排名，从最好排到最差。and it gave her an incentive to do better. 这激励她自己要做得更好。confidence that they could also compete in the art world after their schooling. 增加了她们的自信-她们从学校毕业后也能艺术领域与他人有力竞争。she was having an impact as an artist. 她是一个有影响力的艺术家。just look at the salon. 看看艺术展。the art had to be accepted by judges. 展出的艺术作品必须得先通过评委的认可才行。it was a seal of approval. 批准印章；认证标准 the painting depects an active crowded studio with women drawing and painting a live model. 这幅画描绘了一间挤满女学生的画室，她们正在专注的对着一个真人模特作画。Conversation 2a conversation between a student and a business professor 经济学/商业学 教授gym 健身房 health club； fitness center health-club model 健身房商业模式I was talking about an issue in strategic marketing, the healthy club model. 健身房商业模式的营销策略上的一个问题。I know when I pass by a health club, and I see all those people working out, theyre exercising, I just as soon walk on by. 当我经过健身房的时候，我看到很多人在健身，但我不会驻足。there is that. 就是你说的那个问题。plus, lots of people have exercises equipment at home or they can play sports with their friends. 另外，很多人家里有健身器材。或者他们可以和朋友一起做运动。but nowadays, in spite of all that, and expensive membership fees, health clubs are hugely popular, so how come? 但是现在，除了上面说的那些，健身房的会员费也很贵，但是健身房现在却特别流行。这是怎么回事？high-end高端的.high-end personal computers and computer workstations.高端个人电脑和电脑工作站。aerobics有氧健美操 ；有氧运动法another thing is I think people feel good about themselves when they are at the gym. 另外，我觉得人们在健身房时自我感觉良好。and they can meet new people, socialize. 并且，他们可以认识新朋友，相互交流。facility 设备，设施 and they sell an image about people having more fun, relating better to others and improving their own lives if they become members. 他们营造出一种印象来促销：如果人们成为健身俱乐部的会员的话，人们的生活更有趣，同时也能更好的与人相处。administrative 行政的they are an information resource for the whole community. 公共图书馆为一整个社区提供信息资源。a super fast internet connection 超快的网速（网络连接速度）special presentation特别的讲座Lecture 3history class 历史课printing press 印刷术；印刷机this increased demand impacted societal(社会的） attitudes towards eyeglasses. 对眼镜需求量的增加影响了人们对眼镜的看法。vision correction 视力矫正literate受过教育的，有文化的ancient Greece 古希腊monk 僧侣clear rock 透明的石头；水晶quartz石英optical quality光学性能 its not as unusual as it sounds. 并不是像听起来那么的罕见。timeline (尤指历史事件) 年表lets tie this to what Ive said before about societal attitudes towards glasses. 现在将这个与前面讲到的人们对眼镜的看法联系起来。this is evident in the artwork from the period. 从当时的文学绘画作品来看，这一点是很明显的。European paintings often portrayed doctors or judges wearing glasses. 欧洲的画作中，医生或法官通常是带着眼镜的。so in addition to intelligence, they also symbolize affuence, wealth. 所以，除了代表智慧，眼镜也象征着富裕，或财富。In 14th-century Chinese portraits, the bigger the glasses, the smarter and wealthier the subject was. 14世纪，中国的画像中，戴的眼镜越大，表明这个人越富有和聪明。so glasses were a status symbol in some parts of the world. 在世界上一些地区，眼镜是一种地位的象征。the need and the demand for more affordable glasses rose drastically. 对眼镜的需要和需求，特别是大多数人能支付得起的眼镜，极大的增加。inexpensive便宜的people could purchase them easily from a traveling peddler. 人们可以很容易就从小贩那里买到眼镜。Lecture 4chemistry化学 the periodic table of elements 元素周期表predictive预测性，预言性prediction预测it groups elements into categories that share certain properties. 元素周期表将具有相同属性的元素分作一类。it is arranged according to increasing atomic number. 按原子数递增的顺序排列。the number of protons in each atom of an element. 元素原子中的质子数。early versions of the periodic table had gaps, missing element. 早期版本的元素周期表中有空缺，丢失的元素。every time you had one more proton, you had another element. 每发现一个质子数，你会得到一种新的元素。thered be an atomic number, for which there was no known element. 有时候，得到了一个原子数，却不知道对应的元素是什么。and the prediction was that an element, with that atomic number existed somewhere, but it just hadnt been found yet. 在原子数确定，元素未知的情况下，可以通过元素周期表的预测性来。and its location in the table would tell you what properties it should have. 它在表中位置可以告诉我们这个元素有什么特性。it was really pretty exciting for scientists at that time to find these missing elements and confirm their predictive properties. 对当时的科学家来说，找到缺失的元素并确认他们预定的特质是很令人激动的事。that reminds of a very good example of all these, 这让我想起一个很好的例子。symbol of elements 元素符号and then in 1925, a team of chemists led by a scientist named Ida Tacke claimed that they had found element 43. 然后在1925年，由一名叫Ida Tacke科学家带领的化学家团队声称他们找到了43号元素。they had been using a relatively new technology called X-ray spectroscopy, 他们当时使用了一种相对较新的技术 x射线光谱学and they were using this to examine an ore sample.他们用x射线光谱学来检验矿石样本。let me add that. 让我补充说明一下。and they were never able to isolate enough Masurium to have a weighable sample to convince everyone of the discovery. 他们一直没有分离出足够的Masurium作为样本，来说服人们相信他们的发现。so they were discredited. 所以他们遭到了人们的质疑。A different team became the first to synthesize an element using a cyclotron(粒子回旋加速器). 另一个团队使用粒子回旋加速器合成了最早的一种（质子数为43）的元素。and they named it Technetium to emphasize that it was artificially created with technology. 命名为Technetium 是为了强调，它是通过技术人工合成的。and people thought that synthesizing this, element making it artificially was the only way to get it. 人们认为人工合成是得到这种元素的唯一方法。radioactive放射性的