2013语法专练(高考情态动词和虚拟语气)(附答案).doc

高考是草根阶层取得成功的最好途径之一，通过这个途径你才有可能拼得过富二代!2013语法专练：情态动词【考点透视】 从近几年的高考试题来看，情态动词是一大热点。每年单项填空题必考一题，通常从三个方面来考查考生对情态动词的运用：一是情态动词本身所表达的意义，如表示禁止、命令、威胁、许诺等意义；can, may, might, need, shall, should等的用法。二是“情态动词+have done”表示推测。三是情态动词后面省略形式的用法区别，如I could (=I could do），I could have (=I could have done)的区别。（一）can和could的用法1表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。例如： Can you finish this work tonight? / 一Can I go now?一Yes，you can. 2could也可表示请求，是委婉的语气，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can，即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中。例如： 一Could I come to see you tomorrow? 一Yes，you can. (否定答语可用No，Im afraid not)。 3表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中) Can this be true? 4“can (could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。例如： He cannot have been to that town.（二）may和might的用法1表示请求、可以与允许的情况，might比may的语气更加委婉。may的否定式为may not，但表示“不可以、禁止”答意思时常用mustnt代替may not。例如：一May I take the book out of the reading-room? 一Yes, you may. (No, you mustnt. / No, you may not. / No, youd better not.) 2“may / might + have + v-ed”结构表示对过去行为的推测，含有“想必、也许会”的意思。 She maymight have missed the train. （三）must和have to的用法1must的否定式有两个：mustnt表示“禁止”；neednt/ dont have to是一般疑问句的否定答复。例如： 一Must we hand in our exercise books today? 一No，you neednt. 2“must have done”意思是“过去一定做了”；其否定式“cant have done”意思是“(过去)不可能做了”；而“neednt have done”意思是“(过去)没必要做”。 3must与have to的区别；二者含义很相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：（1）must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。（2）must一般只表示现在，而have to则有更多的时态形式。 （3）询问对方的意愿时应用must。（4）表示理论上的论断和自然法则的必然性时，应用must。例如：We must believe that only socialism can save China.（四）dare和need的用法1need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must，have to，ought to或should代替。例如： Need I finish the work? Yes, you must.注意：neednt have done表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。2dare做情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用肯定句中。例如：How dare you say Im unfair?3dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。（五）shall和should的用法1shall常用于第一、第三人称。若用于其他人称时，则表示说话人给对方的“命令、警告、允诺或威胁”。2shall用于条约、规章、法令等文件中，表示义务或规定，一般用第三人称，意为“一定”。3shall用于if/ when引导的从句中，表示将来的可能性，语气较强，意为“将”。例如：When I shall see him, I will give him your message.4should常表示“惊异、赞叹、不满”等情绪。主语从句中谓语动词要用“should动词原形”。5should have done意为“应该做而未做”；shouldnt have done意为“不应该做而做了”。6should表示劝告、建议、命令。同义词未ought to。（六）will和would的用法1表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。 2表示意志、愿望和决心。3will be和will have done的结构均表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。This will be the book you want. The guests would have arrived by that time.4would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表过去习惯时used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。（七）ought to的用法: 1ought to表示应该 2ought to表示推测3ought to have done表示过去应做某事而实际未做。（这时ought to和should可以互换）（八）used to，had better，would rather的用法 1used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。如：Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?Used you to go to the same school as your brother?I usednt to go there.I didnt use to go there.She used to be very fat, didnt she? / use(d)nt she?2had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。3would rather意为“宁愿”，后接不带to的不定式。由于would rather表示选择，因而后可接than。如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than you should tell me one lie.【题例精析】【例1】 Didnt they come to the party last week?Yes. They didnt want to come with us at first, but then we _ persuade them.A. wouldB. could C. were able toD. had to【易错点悟】解答该题的关键在于区别can 与be able to 表示“能力”的用法。【要点精析】根据上下文语境及讲话人语气，选项动作表示经过努力才完成的。在这种语气的肯定句和疑问句中，常用be able to，在否定句中可用can。 【答案】C【例2】 You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. （2007北京四中交流卷）A. cantB. should C. mustD. neednt【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是对“cant.too.”固定短语的理解。【要点精析】根据句子意义：无论怎么注意你的阅读技巧都不过分。同时句中由于有了too.to结构，只有cant可以与它构成固定短语，有此含义。其它选项无此意。【答案】A2013高考备考（情态动词和虚拟语气真题）1.(2012全国卷I)30. I _ use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt2(2012全国卷II)17. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need3.(2012北京卷)33. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced4.(2012北京卷)35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been5.(2012上海卷) (2012上海卷)28. The new law states that people _ drive after drinking alcohol. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. wont D. mustnt6.(2012天津卷) 8. Its quite warm here; we _turn the heating on yet.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt7.(2012天津卷) 15. We wouldnt have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _us a ride home.A. didnt offerB. wouldnt offerC. hasnt offered D. hadnt offered8.(2012江苏卷) 28. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt 9.(2012安徽卷)31. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. lived D. were live10.(2012湖南卷)29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have hadB. had had C. have D. had11.(2012福建卷)31.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A. visited B. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited12.(2012陕西卷)17. If may car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A. was B. had beenC. should be D. would be13.(2012陕西卷)23. I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. A. wont B. cant C. can D. will 14.(2012山东卷)30. If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent made B. wouldnt makeC. didnt make D. hadnt made15.(2012重庆卷)25. _ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would16.(2012四川卷)19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao” just as I _ do in China. A. must B. might C. can D. should 17.(2012江西卷)22We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay notBneednt Ccant Dmustnt 18.(2012浙江卷)19. Had they known what was coming next, they_ second thoughts.A. may haveB. could haveC. must have had D. might have had19.(2012辽宁卷)24. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shall D. will20.(2012辽宁卷)33. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _something instead of just talking. A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 2011年高考情态动词和虚拟语气1.（2011全国卷I） 32They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayedAwill Bcan Cmust Dshould2.（2011全国卷II）8If you _ smoke, please go outsideAcan Bshould Cmust Dmay3.（2011北京卷）24- I dont really like JamesWhy did you invite him?- Dont worryHe _ comeHe said he wasnt certain what his plans wereAmust notBneed notCwould notDmight not4.（2011北京卷）30Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more helpAstudiedBwould studyChad studiedDwas studying5.（2011北京卷）28- Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined- I wish they _ always lateAwerentBhadnt beenCwouldnt beDwouldnt have been6.（2011上海卷） 28I _ worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comesAcantBmustntCdarentDneednt7.（2011天津卷）15I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for meAhad come Bwas coming Cwould come Dwould have come8.（2011江西卷）23It _ be the postman at the doorIts only six oclockAmustnt Bcant Cwont Dneednt9.（2011江西卷）28We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injuryAwill put Bwill have put Cwould put Dwould have put10.（2011江苏卷）34I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to the railway officialsHow unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_ itAwill have stolen Bmight have stolen Cshould have stolen Dmust have stolen11.（2011安徽卷）26 What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _Awill never replace Bwould never replace Cwill never be replaced Dwould never be replaced12.（2011浙江卷）11Hows your new babysitter?We _ ask for a better oneAll our kids love her so muchAshould Bmight Cmustnt Dcouldnt13.（2011福建卷）25Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you _ , in case he comes late for the meetingAwill Bmust Cmay Dcan14.（2011福建卷）34Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollutionI_ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interviewAattended Bhad attended Cwould attend Dwould have attended15.（2011四川卷）20The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _ Acan Bmay Cmust Dshould16.（2011辽宁卷）21If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is overAcan Bmay Cmust Dwill17.（2011陕西卷）22I _through that bitter period without your generous helpAcouldnt have gone Bdidnt go Cwouldnt go Dhadnt gone18.（2011陕西卷）24Will you read me a story ,Mummy?-OKYou_ have one if you go to bed as soon as possibleAmight Bmust Ccould Dshall19.（2011重庆卷）25Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I want to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at nightAcould Bmight Cwould Dshould20.（2011湖南卷）28 -No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball-Oh, you are really his big fan Acan Bneed Cmust Dmight2010年高考情态动词和虚拟语气1.（全国I 29）. Just be patient .You_ except the world to change so soon.A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not 2.（全国II 17）. Im afraid Mr. Harding _ see you now . hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 3.（安徽卷32）. Jack descried his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 4.（北京卷23）.-Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. -Ah, good morning. You _be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can5.（北京卷34）. -The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _ . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died6.（福建卷29）.Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow7.（湖南卷29）. If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow8.（湖南卷23）. You_ buy a gift , but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to9.（江苏卷25）. -I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. -Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 10（江苏卷34）. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused11.(江西卷23). I have told you the truth _I keep repeating it? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will12.(辽宁卷26). Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.A. can B. will C. must D. may13.（山东卷25）. I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt14(陕西卷23). -May I take this book out of the reading room? -No, you _. You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. needt D. mustnt15.(四川卷3). _I take the book out? Im afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need16（天津卷9）. Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt17(天津卷15). - John went to the hospital alone. - If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told18.(重庆卷 21).You _ park here! Its an emergency exit. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt19.(浙江卷17). You _ have a wrong number, she said. Theres no one of that name here. A. need B. can C. must D. would20. （浙江卷10）. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _ . A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved21( 上海卷29). - Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. - Oh, you _ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt【专项检测】1. I promised to get there before 5 oclock, but now the rain is pouring down. They _ for me impatiently.A. may waitB. ought to wait C. could waitD. must be waiting2. He was very brave. Even though shed hurt her leg, she _ go back alone.A. couldB. might C. have toD. was able to3. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannotB. should C. must D. neednt4. Ive tried several times, but the car just _.A. doesnt start B. wouldnt start C. wont startD. didnt start5. Always the old lady _ sit for hours doing nothing at all.A. was used toB. would C. used toD. should6. There used to be a small school,_? A. was there B. wasnt it C. usednt thereD. usednt it7. Our house is on the top of the hill, so in summer the wind _ be pretty cold. A. mustB. can C. ought toD. need8. Havent I told you that you _ have the answer tomorrow morning? A. will B. shall C. shouldD. would9. Im surprised that he _ in the match.A. should failB. should have failed C. would have failedD. may have failed10. Better go to see my sick colleague right now, _I?A. hadnt B. didnt C. dontD. wont11. Sir, you _ be hunting deer here, for they are preserved by the government. A. oughtnt toB. cant C. wontD. neednt12. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will13. There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant B. shouldnt be C. must have been D. couldnt have been14. To be on the safe side, we should fill up the tank now, because we _ run out of gas on the way.A. can B. would C. might D. should15. _ three people who travel together, there _ be at least one who _ be my teacher.A. Between; can; willB. In; should; could C. Among; will; may D. Of; must; can16. Could you lend me that book you _ me about when I telephoned you? No, I am sorry, I cant. I gave it to a friend.A. were telling B. would tell C. had told D. had been telling17. We need a person badly to think up such an idea. _ the new comer have a try? A. Shall B. May C. Should D. Need18. We _ so tired. Weve only been to a party.A. mustnt have feltB. wouldnt have felt C. shouldnt have feltD. couldnt have felt19. Professor Smith, many students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside? A. Do B. Shall C. Will D. Would20. How about paying a visit to Mr. Richardson, our former history teacher? Good idea. I will e-mail him today so he _know _ to expect us. A. shall; why B. may; when C. would; why D. will; how21. I went to work on foot yesterday, though it _ cats and dogs. You _ by bus. It was likely to get a cold. A. is raining; must have goneB. rained; would go C. was mining; should have goneD. have rained; could have gone22. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannotB. should C. mustD. neednt23. I told Sally to fix him up with this job, but perhaps I _ it out for her. A. had to write B. must have written C. should have writtenD. ought to write24. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended25. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _ during the day. A. should have doneB. would have done C.