2014英美概况习题精选revised(含答案).doc

Understanding the United KingdomPart 1 Geography and History of UKSection 1 The LandI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. The highest mountain peak(高峰) in Britain is in _.A. England B. Scotland（苏格兰） C. Wales D. Northern Ireland2. The longest river in Britain is the _ River.A. Severn （塞文） B. Thames C. Mersey D. Humber3. The largest lake in Britain is located(位于) in _.A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _.A. Ben Nevis B. Cross Fell C. Snowdonia D. Scafell5. The Lake District（区） is well-known for _.A. its wild and beautiful scenery B. its varied lakes C. the lake Poets（诗人） D. all of the above three6. Which of the following is NOT the feature（特点） of British climate（气候）?A. coldness B. more rainy days C. changeability D. more fogsKeys: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. AII. Translate the following into Chinese1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.The strait of Dover 多佛海峡 3. the English Channel 英吉利海峡4.Greenwich 格林尼治 5.The Britain Isles 大不列颠岛6.The Thames River 泰晤士河 7.The Severn River 塞汶河8.Lake Neigh 讷湖 9. Lake District 湖区10.Edinburgh 爱丁堡 11.Glasgow 格拉斯哥12. Cardiff 加的夫 13. Stonehenge 史前时期巨大石柱 14. the British Isles不列颠群岛 15.the English Channel 英吉利海峡 16. maritime climate海洋性气候；海岸气候 17. loanwords外来语，外来词 18. Old English古英语（略作OE） 19. Roman Catholic church罗马天主教会；罗马公教20. .Middle English中世纪英语；中古英语（约1150约1475年间的英语）III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left._ 1. Northern Ireland a. church leader of a diocese_ 2. Charlotte Bronte b. Ulster_ 3. archbishop c. Middle Valley_ 4. Ben Nevis d. church leader of a province_ 5. bilingual education双语教育 e. Britains highest mountain_ 6. Central lowland f. author of Jane Eyre 简爱的作者_ 7. bishop g. teaching in two languages(Key: 1.b 2.f 3.a 4.e 5.g 6.c 7.d)Section 2 The PeopleI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. The English people are descendants后裔 of .A. Celts B. Romans C. Anglo-Saxons D. Danes 2. Middle English took shape about a century after the Conquest征服.A. Roman B. Anglo-Saxon C. Norman D. Danish3. The established church国教 of Britain is .A. The Church of England B. Free church C. The United Reformed Church D. The Church of Scotland4. Easter is kept, commemorating纪念 the of Jesus Christ.A. Coming B. Birth C. Death D. Resurrection复活Keys: 1. C 2. C 3. A 4. DIIMatch the names of the cities with the descriptions. Column A Column B_f_1. Liverpool a. the steel manufacturing center of Britain _c_2. Hulls b. the former center of textile industry of Britain _a_3. Sheffield c. the fishing port in Humberside_b_4. Manchester d. the largest city in Britain _g_5. Glasgow e. the second largest city in Britain _d_6. London f. the district of Merseyside_e_7. Birmingham g. the largest city in Scotland_i_8. Belfast h. the capital of Wales_j_9. Edinburgh i. the capital of Northern Ireland _h_10.Cardiff j. the capital of ScotlandIII. Translate the following into Chinese1.Modern English 现代英语 2.The Church of England 英格兰圣公会3.Christmas 圣诞节 4.Easter 复活节5.Westminster Abbey 西敏寺大教堂 6.City of London 伦敦城 7.Outer London 外伦敦 8.Poets Corner 诗人角 9. Birmingham 伯明翰IV. True or False1. England is smaller than the combined territory of Scotland and Wales.2. The first Christian church was established at Canterbury, England, in 597.3. The Scottish language is derived from Old English.4. What kind of language to speak is not important in Great Britain.5. The present-day English people have inherited the physical characteristics of the Germanic people and the Celts.(Key: 1. F (still larger) 2.T 3. F (Old Celtic language) 4. F (extremely important) 5. TSection 3 Early Man and the Feudal SocietyI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. The earliest settlers 定居 on the British Isles were the _.A. Celts B. Gaels C. Iberians D. Brythons2. In 43 A.D., Roman under _ conquered Britain.A. Julius Caesar B. Claudius C. Augustine D. the Pope3. Roman Britain lasted until the year of _ when all Roman troops军队 went back to the continent大陆.A. 400 A.D. B. 410 A.D. C.445 A.D. D.449 A.D.4. Which of the following was NOT a thing of value left behind by Roman?A. Welsh Christianity B. the Roman Roads C. cities D. enormous wealth巨大的财富5. The Great Charter宪章 was made in the interest of _.A. the King B. the feudal lords C. the townsmen D. the merchantsKeys: 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. BII. Rearrange the following historical events in the order in which they took place.1. _d_ a. Norman Conquest2. _b_ b. Anglo-Saxon Conquest3. _e_ c. the birth of Parliament4. _a_ d. Roman Conquest5. _c_ e. Danish ConquestIII. Translate the following into Chinese1. Roman Conquest 罗马征服 2 . Anglo-Saxon settlement 盎格鲁 撒克逊人的定居3. Edward, the Confessor 信教者爱德华4. Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役 5. the Great Charter 大宪章 6. Model Parliament 模范会议7. Stonehenge巨石阵8. King Arthur 亚瑟王9. Vikings维京人/北欧海盗 10. the Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集11. Danelaw丹麦法律施行区 12. Picts皮克特人 13. Julius Caesar尤里乌斯 凯撒/ 凯撒大帝19. Hadrians Wall哈德良长城 20. Robin Hood罗宾汉IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. King Alfreda. itinerant justices2. knights b. the Father of British Navy3. Prince of Wales c. heir to the English throne4. circuit judgesd. sworn men5. Witane. wise men (1-b2-d3-c 4-a5-e)V. True or False1. The Celts laid the foundations of the English state.2. Old English originated in Normandy.3. The Norman Conquest strengthened the cultural connection between the Anglo-Saxons and their relatives in north Europe.4. The Norman cavalry defeated the Anglo-Saxon troop at Hastings.5. The bi-linguistic period in English history drew to an end by the late 18th century.(1.F2.F3.F4.T5.F)Section 4 Decline of Feudalism and the Bourgeois RevolutionI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. _c_ launched 发动the Hundred Years War. A. Edward B. Edward C. Edward D. Henry 2. War of Roses were fought _d_ between the Lacastrians and the Yorkists from 1455 to 1485.A. constantly B. irregularly C. continuously D. intermittently间接性3. The House of Tudor was founded in _d_. A. 1455 B. 1465 C. 1475 D. 14854. The British Bourgeois Revolution took place in the _c_ century. A. 15th B. 16th C. 17th D. 18th5. Which of the following statements声明 about the Renaissance文艺复兴 is NOT true?A. the Renaissance was a revival of interest in many things that the early Middle Ages had cared about.B. the Renaissance was a cultural movement by humanists.C. the Renaissance spread into England under the Tudor.D. During the Renaissance, the theatre attained great popularity under Elizabeth.6. The “glorious revolution” of 1688 put _d_ on the throne宝座. A. Charles B. Charles C. James D. William of OrangeKeys: 1.C 2.D 3.D 4. C 5.A 6. DII. Translate the following into Chinese1. Puritan 清教徒 2. The Hundred Years War 百年大战3. Short Parliament 短期议会 4. Long Parliament 长期议会5. Black Death 黑死病6. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝复辟7. “Glorious Revolution” 光荣革命 8. the Wars of Roses 玫瑰战争 9. humanism 人文主义 10. Renaissance文艺复兴IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. Armadaa. flower of the feudalism2. knightsb. peasant leader3. Watt Tyler c. state church4. Tudor Monarchy d. New Monarchy5. Protestantism e. Invincible Fleet6. Established religion f. Protestant ideology(1-e2-a3-b4-d5-f6-c)V. True or False1. Feudalism was established in England soon after the Anglo-Saxon conquest.2. The Hundred Years War continued without interruption for more than 100 years.3. The ending of the Wars of the roses marked the beginning of the Middle Ages.4. The Tudor Monarchy was the transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism in English history.5. Elizabethan drama rejected humanism and regarded life as a tragedy.(1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F)Section 5 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement . Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The British Industrial Revolution first began in the industry.A. iron and steel B. textile C. coal-mining D. ship-building2. invented the “spinning Jenny.”珍妮纺纱A. James Hargreaves B. Richard Arkwright C. Edmund Cartwright D. James Watt3. The author of Wealth of Nations国富 is .A. Adam Smith B. David Richardo C. Thomas Malthus D. Robert OwenKeys: 1.B 2.A 3.AII Match the inventions in Column B with the inventors in Column A. Column A Column B 1. c James Hargreaves a. spinning machine run by water power2. a Richard Arkwright b. the steam engine3. d Edmund Cartwright c. the “Spinning Jenny”4. b James Watt d. the power loomIII. Key Terms:1. gunpowder plot 火药阴谋（1605年英国天主教徒在国会地下室放置炸药企图炸死国王）2. natural selection 自然选择；物竞天择说3. Origin of Species 物种起源 IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. Oliver Cromwell A. Glorious Revolution2. Darwin B. Lord Protector3. Cavaliers C. author of Origin of Species 4. White Revolution D. Author of Jane Eyre 5. Charlotte Bronte E. Royalists (1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D)Section 6 The British Empire and British ImperialismWhat wars of aggression were waged by Britain against China in the 19th century?A: In 1840, the British colonists(殖民者) launched an aggression(侵略) war against China and forced the corrupt(堕落的,腐败的) Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, whereby(靠那个,凭那个) Hong Kong was ceded to Britain as colony and five ports (Shanghai, Fuchow, Amoy(厦门), Ningpou and Canton(广东,旧称) were opened as a trade ports, and the colonists were granted special privileges for travel and missionary in China.From 1856 to 1860, Britain and France jointly waged a war of aggression against China and occupied such major cities as Canton, Tientsin(天津) and Peking(北京,旧称). They plundered(掠夺) and burned down the Yuan Ming Yuan Palace and forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Tientsin and the Treaty of Peking. In 1900, Britain allied(有联系的,同盟的) with seven imperialist(帝国主义) powers, invaded China in an attempt to further dominate over China.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The first British colony was .A. New England B. Newfoundland C. West Indies D. India2. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842. A. Peking B. Nanking C. Tientsin D. Canton3. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ? A. foreign territorial expansion B. export of capital C. free competition D. monopoly4. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance三国同盟 ?A. Germany B. France C. Austria-Hungary D. Italy5. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente三国协约 ?A. Britain B. France C. Russia D. Italy6. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ? A. Factories closed B. Banks failed C. Foreign trade shriveled D. Unemployment rate was low7. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor珍珠港 ? A. 1939 B. 1940 C. 1941 D.19428. Mrs. Thatcher failed to win the general election in1990 mainly because of .A. the slow development of the British economy B. the high inflationC. the high rate of unemployment D. the high rate of taxes9. China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of .A. 1950 B. 1954 C. 1972 D. 1997Keys: 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.C IITranslate the following into Chinese1. the Treaty of Nanking 南京条约 2. the British Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦 3. tobacco plantations 烟草种植园 4. Opium War 鸦片战争5. BBC 英国广播公司 6. carefree lifestyle 无忧无虑的生活方式 IIITrue or False1. During the Second World War more than 4.5 million people were sent to fight overseas.2.Under the leadership of Tony Blair, the Labor Party promised to turn Britain into a socialist state.3.After the loss of Egypt and the Suez Canal, people no longer regarded Britain as a great power.4.The Second World War turned Britain into a creditor nation.5.The British voters deserted Churchill because they wanted to put the war behind them.(1.T 2. F(He abandoned the idea) 3. T 4. F(a debtor nation) 5. T)Part 2 Political System and Economy of UKSection 1 Parliament and GovernmentIWhat power does the Queen have theoretically? Why is it said she has no real power at all in reality?The queen has all the power: she is the head of the executive branch of government and gives effect to all laws; she may pardon criminal offenses and cancel punishments; she is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the temporal head of the church of England; she also confers all titles of rank and appoints judges, officers of the armed forces, governors, bishops and diplomats. It is the monarch who has the power to conclude treaties, to declare war upon and make peace with other nations.II. Choose the correct answers.1. Which of the following is NOT true of British political system?A. Britain has no codified constitution. B. Britain is a federal state.C. Britain still keeps an old-fashioned government. D. British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.2. In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of_.A. the Queen B. the Prime Minister C. the House of Commons D. the House of Lords3. The British government ministers are responsible to _ for the work of their department.A. A. the House of Lords B. Parliament C. the Cabinet D. the Privy Council4. All the government ministers of Britain must be members of _.A. the House of Lords B. the House of Commons C. the Privy Council D. Parliament5. Civil servants who are concerned with administration are forbidden _.A. to be voters at elections B. to be candidates for parliamentC. to continue their work when government changes D. to compete with others for a higher rankKeys: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B III. Translate the following into Chinese1. the House of Lords 贵族院, 英国上议院 2. the House of Commons 平民院亦称下院3. the Lord Chancellor 大法官 4. the Foreign and Commonwealth Office 外交及联邦事务部5. the Home Office 内政部 6. Mr. speaker 下院议长7. the Cabinet 内阁 8. life peers （英）终身贵族（子孙不能承袭的）9.lord temporal 复数Lords Temporal(英国)上议院的世俗议员(指上议院中非宗教界的议员即非主教或大主教的贵族议员)10.constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制度 11. law lords英国上议院高级法官12. Buckingham Palace白金汉宫（英国皇宫） 13. head of the state国家元首14.lords spiritual （英）上议院神职议员 IV. Matching_ 1. the crown a. lower-upper class_ 2. motions b. symbol of supreme executive power_ 3. monarch c. king or queen_ 4. gentry d. proposals of legislation_ 5.Lord of Chancellor e. the opposition_ 6. minority party f. important person(1. b 2. d 3. c 4.a 5.f 6.e)V. True or False1. Most proposals for legislation are put forward by the opposition party2. The British prime minister can select any British citizen for the office of foreign secretary.3. The British supreme court of appeals is the Upper House4. The British House of Lords is composed of three types of peers.5. The queen appoints the leader of the minority party as prime minister.6. The British queen is free to dissolve Parliament.7. British Members of Parliament are selected for a term of five years.Keys:(1. F (by the cabinet) 2. F (select one cabinet member) 3. T 4. F (three types of lords) 5. F (the leader of majority party)6. F (The queens dissolving the Parliament is normally done at the request of PM)7. T)Section 2 Party politics and judiciary1. The Conservative and the Labour parties have been in power by turns ever since the end of _.A. the 19t