Unit 4 Newspapers 人教试验修订本.doc

Unit 4 Newspapers【基础知识精讲】1.Whats on?后跟时间或地点状语，表示“(时间/地点)上演什么?”其中on是副词，作 “上演”“演出”解。例Whats on at Xinhua Cinema tonight?今晚新华电影院上演什么电影?2.They are said to be very good.据说他们很出色。sb./sth.is said to do 可转换为It is said that 或People say that例This book is said to have been translated into English.据说这本书已译成英文。It is said that this book has been translated into English.People say that this book has been translated into English.类似的还有：Its reported that 据报道It is believed that 人们相信It is supposed that 人们认为It is hoped that 人们希望It is known that 人们知道例It was reported that nobody was killed in the accident.据报道事故中无一人伤害。3.cover vt. 遮盖；走(多少)路；看完(书页)；采访，报道；占(时间，面积等) 作名词时，意为：盖子；(书籍，杂志等的)封面例 The mountain was covered with snow.山上覆盖着雪。How many pages have you covered?你看完了多少页?We have covered ten km.我们已走了10公里。The building covers 400 square metres.He will be sent to cover the Science Conference.将派他去采访科学大会的新闻。4.get down to 开始认真做，着手。to是介词，要接名词或动词-ing形式，不能接不定式。例 Its time for us to get down to business.是我们该干正事的时候了。They got down to discussing the problem.他们开始认真地讨论这个问题。5.fix v. 固定，安装；修理；安排，确定；盯住，凝视例 She fixed a picture on the wall.她把画固定在墙上。I must get the radio fixed.我必须找人把收音机修好。They have fixed the time and date for the party.他们已经确定了聚会的日期和时间。 fix ones eyes on/upon 注视着，盯着fix ones attention on/upon 专心于6.face to face “面对面地”，看成副词，用作状语face-to-face “面对面的”，看成形容词，用作定语例 We should praise her face to face.我们应该当面表扬她。They had a face-to-face argument.他们进行了面对面的争论。类似的词组还有：heart to heart 贴心的 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 hand in hand 手拉手地 arm in arm 臂挽臂地 side by side 肩并肩地7.interview n./v. 采访；会见，面试例do telephone interviews 进行电话采访Fortunately,I was in time for the interview.幸运地是，我及时赶上了面试。The reporters interviewed the minister.记者采访了部长。8.add 短语归纳add up the money/costs/figures.把钱/费用/数字加起来addto 加，增加例 add sugar to the tea 往茶里加糖add oil to the fire 火上加油add to 增加，扩建，扩修例Our school was added to last year.去年我们学校进行了扩建。add up to 加起来是，合计为例 Five and five adds up to ten.五加五是十。add 还作“补充说”解例“She is only thirteen.”the teacher added.“她只有十三岁。”老师补充说。9.late,lately,latest,laterlate 晚，迟；新近，不久前例 The bus arrived 5 minutes late.公共汽车晚了五分钟。late in the day 当天晚些时候the late development of science 科学的新发展stay/sit late 熬夜later 主要有两个用法：单独使用时，意为“后来”。如：Later the boy found his mother.后来那男孩找到了他妈妈。一段时间+later用于过去时，意为“过了之后”。如：Two days later,he arrived in Shanghai.两天之后，他到了上海。lately adv. 近来，最近，同recently例 Have you seen them lately?你最近见到过他们吗?latest adj. 最近的，最新的例 the latest newspaper 最新的报纸the latest fashion 最新的时装款式his latest works 他最近的作品10.be popular with sb.受某人欢迎。例 Tom is popular with girls.汤姆受女孩子欢迎。另外，popular还可表示“流行的，大众的，普遍的，通俗的”等意思。例popular opinion 大众的意见，民意popular science 通俗科学popular songs 流行歌曲a popular name for a girl 常见(普通)的女孩子名字。【重点难点解析】1.as well 也，又，放在句末，同too。 as well as 除了还，既又例 Mary went to the library,Kate went as well.马丽去了图书馆，凯特也去了。As well as breaking his leg,he hurt his arm.他不但伤了腿而且还伤了胳膊。Tom as well as his parents is leaving for New York.不仅他父母亲而且汤姆也打算去纽约。注意 A as well as B强调A，作主语时，谓语动词在数上应与A一致。如上面的例题3。 2.everyday 日常的，是形容词，在句中作定语every day 每天，是名词词组，在句中作状语例 I go to work on foot every day.我每天步行上班。You should try to use everyday English.你应尽量使用日常英语。3.care for喜欢例I dont really care for tea;I like coffee better.我不大喜欢茶；我较喜欢咖啡。常用在表建议的句子中，与should/would连用。Would you care for some tea?要喝点茶吗?照顾，料理He is good at caring for sick animals.他很善于照料有病的动物。比较：care about 关心，在乎，常用于疑问句和否定句；后接从句时about要省略。例He didnt care about my opinion.他不在乎我的意见。I dont care whether he comes.我不在乎他来不来。care 也可作名词，构成短语如：take care 小心，当心take care of 照顾，照料4.They go to the newspapers own library to look up any information that they need.他们到报社自己的图书馆去查阅他们需要的资料。that they need 是定语从句，修饰先行词information。此句中关系代词that不可用whic h代替，在从句中充当宾语，但可以省略。英语中，当先行词之前有不定代词，all, any, every,no,some等修饰时，或者先行词本身就是不定代词(如anything, something, nothing等)的 时候，其后的定语从句常用关系代词that引导。information是不可数名词，意思为“信息，情报，资料”等，其用法与news相似。look up 查找(单词，资料)；向上看。如：He looked up her address in his notebook.他在笔记本里查找她的地址。We looked up and saw him greeting us at an upstairs window.我们抬头，看见他在楼上窗口向我们招呼。5.Reporters return,type their stories into the computer and hand them to the editor.记者回来了，将他们的报道输入电脑，并交给报纸编辑。typeinto the computer 将输入电脑。其中的type是动词，作“打字”解。例Please type this letter for me.请帮我把这封信打出来。句中的hand是及物动词，作“交给”解，常用于hand sth.to sb结构，意思是“把某物交给某人”。此外，还构成短语hand in，意思是“交来，交上去”。例 He drove too fast,and the policeman stopped him and handed him a ticket.他开车超速了，警察把他拦住，递给他一张罚款单。Please hand in your exercise books after class.下课后把练习本交上来。6.Finally,there is no more time left for adding new stories,and the time for printing the newspaper has come.最后没有时间来增加新的报道了，印刷报纸的时间也就到了。There is (no)left for sth./doing sth.是一个有用的句型，意思是“还留下(没留下)来干某事。”例After the meeting,there was no time left for discussion.开完了会已经没有时间讨论了。There is a little money left for food/buying food.还剩下一点钱来买食品。There is no space left for writing the headline.没有留出写标题的位置。句中的adding和printing都是-ing形式，用作介词for的宾语。The time for printing the newspaper has come.=Its time to print the newspaper.7.It appears from Monday to Saturday with a Sunday edition of Business Weekly each week.中国日报每周星期一到星期六出版，星期天出商业周刊。edition作“版本”讲，是可数名词，a Sunday edition是星期天版。a pocket edition 袖珍本；a popular edition普及本；an air edition 航空版；an overseas edition海外 版。weekly 周刊，周报。类似的构词还有：daily(日报)，monthly(月刊，月报)，bi-monthly (双月刊)，quarterly(季刊)。【阅读分析点拨】Excused from recycling(回收利用)because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute(垃圾道)?You wont be for long.Miamis Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too.In Shantzis Hi-Rise Recycling System,a chute leads to pie-shaped container with six boxes that can turn around when operated.The system,which fits in the same space as the chute and container now in use,enables glass,plastic,paper,metal,and other rubbish to go into separate boxes.The system is controlled from a board fixed next to the chute door.The board has a button for each of recycling materials(as well as for unrecyclables).At the press of a button,a microcomputer locks all other floors chute doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute.The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full.And a particular piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.Sorting(分类) recyclables before they are collected saves the use of expensive materials recovery equipment which otherwise has to do the sorting.Such equipment often makes recycled materials very expensive,so expensive that tons of recycla bles remain wasted.Shantzis believes his system could help recycled materials be come more cost-effective.1.The purpose in writing this text is _.A.to encourage people to recycle their rubbishB.to introduce a recycling system for high risesC.to describe the use of computer technology in recyclingD.to explain the need for rubbish collection in high rises2.When he says “You wont be for long” the writer means that _.A.youll soon be living in a cleaner buildingB.rubbish chutes will become out of date before longC.you wont wait long for your turn to recycle rubbishD.it wont be long before youll have to recycle your rubbish3.Before dropping rubbish into the chute you have to _.A.lock the other floors chute doorsB.check if the container is fullC.press the correct buttonD.break up the rubbish4.The biggest advantage of the new system is that _.A.it reduces the cost of recyclingB.it saves time and spaceC.it saves money for people living in high risesD.it makes better use of the existing recovery equipment解析 1.B。本题考查对于全文主旨的把握：应该是to introduce a rec ycling system for high rises，即选项B。其余三个选项内容在短文中似乎也有提及，但 都只是某个枝节，不能成为整篇短文的中心。2.D。本题考查对于省略句的领会理解，应该从该句的上下文来看作者想告诉我们什么：本段开头句Excused from recycling ?所以，“You wont be for long”是指You wont be for long to be excused from (=be free from the duty of) recycling because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute。也就是it wont be long before youll h ave to recycle your rubbish。3.C。本题考查对于新系统工作原理的掌握，应在第三段里找到答案：The board has a but ton for each recycling materials(as well as for unrecyclables) At the press of a button,a microcomputer locks and sets the recycling container turning所以 说，Before dropping rubbish into the chute,you have to press the correct button, 答案已明。4.A。说到the biggest advantage of the new system，即该系统带来的好处，答案应该在 结尾段中找：Sorting recyclables before they are collected saves(=prevents or avoids)the use of expensive materials recovery equipment 也就是说：it reduces the cost of recycling.答案选A。【命题趋势分析】 1.不定式和-ing形式作动词宾语的几种情况：有些动词只能接-ing形式作宾语。例I practise speaking English every morning.有些动词只能接不定式作宾语。例They decided to build another hospital in the city.有些动词既能以不定式作宾语，又能以-ing形式作宾语，两者意思基本相同。如begin,start,like,hate等。有些动词既能以不定式作宾语，又能以-ing形式作宾语，但两者意思不相同。例remember to do sth. 记住要做某事remember doing sth. 记得过去曾经做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记了过去做过某事 regret to do sth. 对要发生的事表示“抱歉”，“遗憾”regret doing sth. 对已发生的事表示后悔stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事try to do sth.设法想法试图try doing sth.试一试，试试看及物动词want,need的不同用法及不同含义。want to do sth.想要干want sb./sth to do sth.想要某人干，希望某事want+doing 需要，该(主动形式表被动)b.need to do sth.需要need doing sth.需要，该(主动形式表示被动)2.information,news,messageinformation 专指人们特别关心的消息、情报、资料等，侧重内容；news指通过广播、电视、报纸等媒体向大众报告的最新消息、新闻，侧重“新”字；message 指派人传递的消息，可以是口头的、书面的。常用短语：give information 提供信息；get/gain information 获得信息；look up information 查找信息；find out information 弄清情况；check information 核实情况；home news 国内新闻；international news 国际新闻；news from abroad 来自国外的消息；business news 商业新闻；sports news 体育新闻；leave/take/give/send a message 留/捎/给/传递口信注意：information,news 是不可数名词，而message可数。【典型热点考题】例1 _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A.WalkingB.To walkC.The walkD.Walk (92年高考题)解题指导：不定式和动词-ing形式均可作主语，一般没什么区别，但在表示特定的、具体的 特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式；在表示泛指、习惯性动作时，多用动词-ing形式。答案为A例2 The new research team was led by the _ engineer.A.mainB.majorC.chiefD.primary (上海高考题)解题指导：main意为“主要的，最重要的”。如：the main line of a railway 铁道的干线；major意为“较大的，较重要的，主要的”。chief除了作“主要的，最重要的”讲外， 还可以作“级别最高的(职位最高的)”讲。故C正确。primary意为“第一的，基本的；主要的；在时间、次序或发展上领先的”。答案为C例3 While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded解题指导：cant help+doing sth 是“禁不住干某事”，cant help+to do sth.指“不能 帮助做某事”。根据句意，只有C项正确。类似的还有：stop doing/stop to do；regreat doing(后悔干了某事)/regret to do(遗憾要干某事)等。答案为C.【同步达纲练习】【词组句式运用】1.I dont know the restaurant,but it is _ to be a good one.A.toldB.saidC.spokenD.talked2.She _ his number in the phone book to make sure that she has got it right.A.looked upB.looked forC.picked upD.picked out3.Please make five _ of this letter.A.piecesB.kindsC.copiesD.packs4.By getting down _ all these jobs,we can certainly overcome t he difficulties.A.to doB.doingC.to doingD.do5.The person sitting next to you in class asks you if he can borrow your ruler,b ut youre using it,so you say _.A.Im sorry,but Im using itB.No,Im using itC.No,you cantD.No,I cant lend it to you6.I must apologize for _ ahead of time. Thats all right.A.letting you not knowB.letting not you knowC.letting you know notD.not letting you know7.I suppose reading this book will _ your taste for music.A.addB.add upC.add toD.add up to8.All the people who _ a newspaper must be able to work fast. A.workB.work atC.work outD.work on9.The teacher and the student had a _ talk.A.faces-to-facesB.faces to facesC.face-to-faceD.face to face10._ at that cinema this evening? Modern Times.A.Which isB.Whats onC.WhosD.Is there anything interesting【课内课外阅读】I was telling my boy Sonny the story of the hare and the tortoise.At the end I said,“Son,remember:slow and steady(稳) wins the race.Dont you think theres something to learn from the tortoise?”He opened his eyes wide.“Do you mean next time when I am entering the 60 metre race I should wish that Billy and Tony and Sandy would all fall asleep halfway? ”I was shocked.“But the tortoise didnt wish the hare would fall asleep!”“He must have wished that,”Sonny said,“otherwise how could he be so stupid as to race with the hare?He knew very well that the hare ran a hundred times faster than he himself did.”“He didnt have such a wish,”I insisted.“He won the race by perseverance(坚持),by pushing on steadily.”Sonny thought for a while.“Thats a lie,”he said.“He won it because he was lucky.If the hare hadnt happened to fall asleep,the tortoise would never have won the race.He could be as steady as you liked or a