2015八年级下第二单元词汇和语法学案.doc

2015八年级下第二单元单词和词汇学案Unit 2 Ill help clean up the city parks.I目录页学习1. Topics: Volunteering and charity 2. Functions: Offer help （主动提出做。 offer to do / offer sth.to sb.offer sb. sth.)3. Structures: 不定式做宾语 (区别不定式做目的状语)，形容词做宾语补足语 （可以变形为形式宾语it的表达方式） 情态动词could来表达请求 短语动词4. Target Language: Id like to You could She volunteers there once a week to help kids to learn to read. Im making some signs to put up around the school. 5. Vocabulary: 目录页的词汇教材已经按照词性分类，自己抄录一下哈n. (名词)v. (动词)phrasal verbs (短语动词) phrases (短语) PS：需要明白短语动词的意义哦6. Recycling: 循环复习里的单词和短语可是中考要重点考察的，尤其重视词性和语法项目关于If 你觉得中考要考察什么呢，列举在下面吧：7. 只能用不定式做宾语的及物动词ask,agree,care,choose,demand,decide,determine ,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish, hesitate, seek, swear, afford, guarantee,intend, 8. 既可以用不定式又可以用ing分词做宾语的动词，但是有区别forget, remember, regret, mean, go on, try, cant help, stop, need, only to do(doing), 这组词一定要自己查一查哦，写在下面9. 常用不定式做宾语补足语的及物动词want, need, teach, advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn，guide, enable, get(使), instruct, recommend, urge, command, prefer, wishwait for sb.to do / call on sb.to do / depend on sb.to do / long for sb.to do II. 短语动词：1. 动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(不及物)注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间She gave them away.她送掉了它们。同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话 ring up打电话put away放好 put on穿，上演 put up挂起，举起。不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异break out发生，爆炸 carry out进行，开展 go out熄灭hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心sell out卖完 set out出发, take out取出work out算出2. 动词+介词(及物)Im looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。look after照料，look at看，look for寻找3. 动词+副词+介词I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。/content/14/0722/10/9675619_396220474.shtml 这个网址有很好的资源适合自学，上面总结的短语动词的结构不完整，需要自己再加把劲把它补充完整哈，要点和有用的例句写在下面吧：/link?url=gVS28RsEo6CeNEcnq5YiuJ1wpGQfeAQk5Y4iM9y-xZKxdgAagiEAlWhIouTdpLZDw5whSmIFBYrIplmk9kxRAF7dAxXCXyHVq30_SQuK3cG 常考短语动词的归纳百度上都有哈，要5个下载券，q我没有，哪位富裕的下载一个给大家共享呗，3q III. 词汇用法：1.clean up v. clean up the city parks clean it / them up clean-up n. have a (彻底的 thorough )clean-up 小结：有些动词短语中间加上连字符一下子就变合成_了，意思差不多哦 grow up - grown-up ( grown-ups) = adult get together - have a family get-together 你再归纳几个： E.g. -Jane, your bedroom is so dirty. -Sorry, Ill _. A. clean up it B. clean it up C. clean them up D. clean up them2. cheer v.欢呼；喝彩 (cheered) cheer up sb. cheer sb. Up adj. cheery (smiles / greetings ) 汉语意思呢_ cheerful = happy be cheerful about E.g. We are so cheerful about the coming of this semester due to seeing old friends again. E.g. Lily is upset these days. You must come up with some good ideas to _. 举杯的时候会说：_ 篮球比赛timeout时，又蹦又跳的美女们叫做 cheerleaders 3. give out 分发；散发 ;发出（光、热、声音、气味等) 给出，捐赠 give out food give it / them out give out money = donate / give away E.g. The sun g_ out light and heat to the earth.4. volunteer v.& n. voluntary adj. - adv.（完全可以自己写出来）_ volunteer to do sth. / volunteer ones time to do sth. E.g. A volunteer is someone who does work _ being paid for it because they are _ to do that. The volunteers volunteer _(help) to clean up the city parks.5. come up with / think out / think up / come up with new plans / creative ideas / practical solutions 6.put off 推迟 (put) put off doing sth. E.g. Never p_ off till tomorrow what you can do today. 这句话引用到作文当中不错呀！（As the saying goes, “.”) Please dont put off _(do) your homework.以put为中心词常考的短语动词：put away, put up , put on, put out, put off, put aside 自己翻译一下哈：Syn. - postpone e.g. He decided to postpone his departure. - - delay e.g. Many young couples delay having children, for the usual reason, to establish their careers. 高考考点delay doing sth. 7. sign n.标志；信号；星座 v.签字n. signature put up signs traffic signs / a thumb-up sign E.g. Excuse me, Sir. You cant smoke here. Why not? Didnt you see the sign, _(say) “ No smoking!” E.g. Whats your sign? - 这个是问啥的呢？ v. sign ones name / sign a contract E.g. Whats your sign? Cancer. 你的星座是什么？_E.g. Sir, please sign the contract. 当老板的感觉！为了学习思路更清晰，下面的读读：辨别：mark, sign, signal 和 symbol这组词都有“标记，标志”之意。a. mark：“标志，标记，含义广泛，指事物留下的深刻印迹或某物上用于辨别该物品的附属物，比 sign 更侧重于区别性或揭示性的标志，有时不一定十分直观或明显。One mark of a writers greatness is that different minds can get a different inspirationfrom his works. 一个伟大作家的标志之一是不同的人都能从他那里得到不同的灵感。The lighthouse on the top of the hill serves as a mark for fliers.山顶上的灯塔成了飞行员（识别地形）的标志。b. sign：“记号，标记”，用法最广，可指符号（装置），也可指情绪，性格的直观显示，还指具体的用于识别或指示的标志，如指标牌，卡片等。借喻时讲作“征兆，迹象”。如：Sir, you are not to walk your pet on the lawn. Dont you see the sign: keep off thegrass? 先生，你不可以在草坪上溜狗，你没瞧见牌子上写着“请勿践踏草坪”吗？In the British Army, crown, stars and stripes are signs of military rank.在英国军队里，王冠，星星和条形徽是军阶的标志。c. signal：“信号”，常指约定俗成，用于传达某些信息的信号，也指灯光，声音或信号标志。A red light is a signal of danger, which is even known to a five-year-old child.红灯是危险的信号，这一点就连五岁的孩子都知道。The sportsmen are all ready, waiting for the signal to start running.运动员们都作好了准备，等待着起跑的信号。d. symbol：“象征，符号”，指被人们选出的物体或图案，用来代表另一事物，并作为该事物的标记或象征。Symbol is a sign, figure or physical object, the meaning of which is established byconvention.常用的表义符号是由按常规规定其意义的符号，图案或实物图像构成的。In the picture the tree is the symbol of life and the snake the symbol of evil.在这幅画中，树是生命的象征，蛇是邪恶的象征。8. notice n.公告牌；通知；布告 syn. announcement noticeable adj. 明显的；显著的E.g. n.They put up some _ to tell people about the environment situation.(现在改成make documentaries 了，哈哈）v. = become aware of .这个短语上高中有用notice sb. do / doing sth.I noticed Miss Li _(go) into the library just now.When I was walking past the window, I noticed Wang Lin _(copy) my homework.还记得五看二听一感觉不，都写上：_sb. do/doing sth. 一定要清楚do和doing做宾语补足语时的区别，考试时会考典型语境E.g This 24-year-old bus driver saw an old man _(lie) on the side of the road when he drove by. We saw a stealthy man _(break) into our office. 9. hand out 分发 (handed) hand out papers hand it / them out 你完全可以猜测出 印刷品，分发物这个名词是_（构词法）10. call up 打电话给（某人）；增招 (called) call up sb. call sb. up常用的短语还有：give sb. a phone call make a phone call to sb. ring sb. up E.g. Did anyone call when I was out? - 这个call是什么意思呢？ _11. used to do / be . - 这个要联系上个单元 be used to doing 用法的区别哦 E.g. I used to do./ I didnt use to do./ Did you use to do.? - Yes, I did. No, I didnt. Mini Translation: 他正逐渐习惯使用筷子。他过去常使用筷子。筷子被用来夹起食物。扩展高中： He used to visit me during summer vacations. = He would visit me during summer vacations. 知识点是情态动词would do 可以表示_12.lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的(既可作定语，又可作表语) - loneliness n. live on a lonely (= isolated ) island feel lonely alone adj.& adv. 独自；单独(作形容词时，只能作表语) live alone leave sb. alone do sth. alone = do sth. by oneself E.g Hey, Buddy. Youre not alone in this combat situation. Were here, too. 一个经典又古旧的习题：E.g. He lives _, but he doesnt feel _.(lonely; alone)13. care for - look after - take (good) care of E.g. Jenny spends years caring for her sick daughter. The material of this overcoat is OK, but I really dont care for the color. Hes so mean that he only cares for himself. = care about 14.several pron.几个；数个；一些（修饰可数名词）= a few E.g. Several days later, he came back alone. several hundreds of + 名词复数 several hundred +名词复数15. strong adj.强烈的；强壮的 （weak） - strength n. - strengthen v. -strongly adv.从八年级开始我们应该更重视同源词汇之间的转化 E.g. What a strong accent he has! Hulk is a huge man with strong muscles. (谁是HULK呢 -Bruce banner absorbed radiation in a bomb explosion and became the incredible hulk. ）He kicked the ball with all his _. - 注意语境再填词He copes with the case incredibly will. His _( = courage) is an inspiration to all of us. I strongly believe your perseverance is the secret to success. Doing volunteer work possesses me of strong sense of _.(满足感）扩展：The two countries agreed on a treaty to _(v. 加强）the cooperation on economy. 16.feeling n.c感觉；感触 a (strong / bad / ) feeling of + 名词 feeler n. 触角a feeling of satisfaction / excitement / warmth 一种满足感 / 兴奋感 / 温暖感e.g.I have a strong _ that well win the game. I didnt mean to hurt your _.17.satisfaction n.满足；满意 v. satisfy (satisfied) adj. satisfiedcontented ; satisfyingsatisfactory Your success gave me great s_. 你的成功令我非常满意。 Your answer s_ me.你的回答让我满意。Your answer is s_.你的回答令人满意。Im s_ with your answer.我对你的回答感到满意。be satisfied with 对感到满意 = be pleased with = be happy with = 高中 be content with do.with satisfaction满意/足地 to ones satisfaction 令某人满意/足的是 (这个要联系第一单元的to ones surprise) a sense of satisfaction 现学现卖吧 这是什么意思呢？MINI description : 做什么事使你有强烈的满足感呢：Doing. gives me . 用这个结构来表达吧 18. joy n.高兴；愉快 = delight - enjoy v. - joyful adj. joyous to ones joy/delight 令某人高兴的是 do sth. with joy 高兴地E.g. Joy is a strong feeling of _(高兴). Hearing the exciting news that Kobe will show up at our party, we all yelled with joy.A music-loving people is a joyful people. (要好好理解一下了） The lovely toys bring j_ to children.这些可爱的玩具给孩子们带来欢乐。19.owner n.物主；主人 v. 拥有 adj.自己的 do sth. on ones own独自= do sth. alone the owner of 的主人 sth. of ones own属于某人自己的 E.g. He _ a shop. He is the _ of the shop. Id love to have a speaking robot of my _. Its unbelievable that I finished the impossible mission on my _.20.try out 参加选拔；试用 (tried) try out for 参加甄试，报名，申请E.g. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. Hes such an innovative person that he will try them out every time he has new ideas. 21.journey n.(尤指长途)旅行；行程 Journey to the West 四大名著之一呢a long train journey make / take a journey go on a journey to sp. 其他的旅行： trip travel voyage22.raise v.募集；征集 （人为的；及物动词） (raised - raised )rise v.升起；上升（自身；不及物动词） (rose - risen) 没有被动呃！raise money for charities raise a family raise ones voice / raise ones hand / raise the speed from. to. Lets raise our glasses to the Browns! 向Brown一家祝酒！Lily raised her eyebrows at me as if she knew about everything! I was really pissed off!猜Lily做了个什么动作让你如此pissed offE.g.Our school tried to _ money for our respectful biology teacher Mr. Hou. He slowly r_ his arms above his head. The sun r_ in the east. (看到没宾语，那就不能随便乱填哈） Her fame r_ at the age of 4.23.repair(repaired)比fix或mend正式，常用来表示修补破损或有洞的东西。Mary repaired t