职称英语理工类A、B、C级综合试卷模拟11.doc

第1部分：词汇选项 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的 4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。1. Will you please call my husband as soon as possible? A. contact B. consult C. phone D. visit 2. Well give every teacher space to develop. A. chance B. employment C. room D. opportunity 3. I have to go at once. A. soon B. immediately C. now D. early 4. The policeman asked him to identify the thief. A. name B. distinguish C. capture D. separate 5. We were all there when the accident occurred. A. happened B. broke C. spread D. appeared 6. It took me exactly a week to complete the work. A. do. B. achieve C. improve D. finish 7. The herb medicine eventually cured her disease. A. nicely B. apparently C. finally D. naturally 8. We had a long conversation about her parents. A. talk B. speech C. debate D. discussion 9. Please let me know if you are unable to attend the meeting. A. go to B. prepare for C. speak to D. do to10. He have made up his mind to give up smoking. A. tried B. attempted C. agreed D. decided11. Your teacher will take your illness into account when marking your exams. A. calculation B. computation C. consideration D. assessment12. We have to put up with her behavior. A. tolerate B. accept C. swallow D. take13. They have given up the hope to save their friend from drowning. A. ended B. abandoned C. built D. strengthen14. I seldom watch TV. A. rarely B. frequently C. normally D. occasionally15. The dentist has decided to take out the girls bad tooth. A. dig B. draw C. pull D. extract第2部分：阅读判断 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。Inventor of LED When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $,500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. Anytime you get an award, big or little, its always a surprise, Holonyak said. Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective. Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didnt realize how many uses they would have. You dont know in the beginning. You think youre doing something important, you think its worth doing, but you really cant tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just dont know, he said. The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of molecular sieves, that can separate molecules by size. 16. Holonyaks colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson-MIT Prize sooner or later. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. The Lemelson-M1T Prize has a history of over 100 years. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务；(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing 1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. 2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a. number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only? hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-hour sleepers. 3 These findings, which Dr. Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than g hours a night. He added that it might be a good idea for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. 4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep - for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. 5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. 6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then theyll spend a higher percentage of time awake, he said.23. Paragraph 2 _A Kripkes Research Too1B Dangers of Habitual Shortages of SleepC Criticism on Kripkes ReportD A Way of Overcoming InsomniaE Sleep Problems of Long and Short SleepersF Classification of Sleep Problems24. Paragraph 4 _25. Paragraph 5 _26. Paragraph 6 _27. To get a good nights rest, people may not need to _.A fall asleep again.B become more energetic the following dayC sleep less than 7 hoursD confirm those serious consequencesE suffer sleep problemsF sleep more than 8 hours28. Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to _.29. One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to _.30. One survey showed that people who habitually _ each night have a higher risk of dying.第4部分：阅读理解 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles The Ford motor companys abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology, analysts say. General Motors and Honda ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same. Three years ago, the company introduced the Think City two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts. But a lack of demand means only about 1,000 of the cars have been produced, and less than 1,700 carts have been sold so far in 2002. The bottom line is we dont believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market, Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday. We feel we have given electric our best shot. The Think City has a range of only about 55 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time. General Motors EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range, of about 100 miles. The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives. An electric Toyota RAV4 EV vehicle costs over $42,000 in the US, compared with just $17,000 for the petrol version. Toyota and Nissan are, now the only major auto manufacturers to produce electric vehicles. There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program, and that is what we will be judging them on, Roger Higman, a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth, told the Environment News Service. Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well. Hybrid engines offer greater mileage than petrol-only engines, and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines on vehicle emissions in the US. However, it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit. In June, General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction, delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car-makers to offer 100,000 zero-emission and other low-emission vehicles in the state by 2003. Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles. 31. What have the Ford motor company, General Motors and Honda done concerning electric cars? A. They have started to produce electric cars. B. They have done extensive research on electric cars. C. They have given up producing electric cars. D. They have produced thousands of electric cars.32. According m Tim Holmes of Ford Europe, battery-powered cars A. will be the main transportation vehicles in the future. B. will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future. C. will be good to the environment in the future. D. will replace petrol-powered vehicles in the future.33. Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles? A. Toyota and Nissan. B. General Motors and Honda. C. Ford and Toyota. D. Honda and Toyota.34. According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid cars A. offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars. B. rum faster than petrol driven cars. C. run more miles than petrol driven cars. D. offer more batteries than petrol driven cars.35. Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph ? A. Low-emission cars should be banned. B. Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways. C. The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars. D. The legislation will allow more low-emission to be produced. 第二篇 Electric Backpack Backpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you dont mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MF3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home. Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass., have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-and-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, night-vision goggles, and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpacks electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearers load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science. The backpacks electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearers back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts. Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the packs oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack. The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same lime. Electricity-generating packs arent on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street! 36. Backpacks are convenient because A. they can be very large. B. they can hold as many things as you want to carry. C. your hands are freed to do other things. D. you do not have to carry things with you.37. What is the most important feature of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues? A. It produces electricity for electronic devices while the wearer walks. B. It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies. C. It is small and convenient. D. It is light and easy to carry.38. The word springs in Paragraph 3 means A. a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth. B. the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer. C. the act or an instance of jumping or leaping. D. a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed.39. According to Paragraph 4. what does Rome plan to do? A. To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer. B. To put the backpack on the market. C. To test the advantage of the backpack. D. To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.40. What is implied in if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look beth ways before crossing the street? ? A. You will be too excited to watch the traffic. B. Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents. C. It is not possible for you to get such a backpack. D. It is wise of you to have such a backpack.第三篇 Light Night, Dark Stars Thousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the view. people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward. an astronomer with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) in Boulder. Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, theyre lucky to see ISO stars. If youve ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, youve witnessed fight pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates the night sky. This haze of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing difficult. Dust and particles of pollution from factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. If one city has a lot more light pollution than another. Ward says, that city will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale. Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs. Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark. rural areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring the faint light given off by distant stars. And if scientists cant locate these objects, they cant learn more about them. Light pollution doesnt only affect star visibility. It can harm wildlife too. Its clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. Theres increasing evidence, for example, that migrating birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr., a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina. When light occurs at night, he says, it has a very disruptive influence. Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers, high-rises, and cables from radio and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year. 41. When can people see 14,000 stars? A. When they have a fairly good telescope. B. When they are in a large city. C. When the