高二第四堂课资料名词性从句.doc

名词性从句在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。引导名词性从句的关联词引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同，它们分别是：连词：that, whether, if；关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表：类 别词 义在从句中的作用That (陈述句)无仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分if和whether（一般疑问句）意为“是否”起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever（特殊疑问句）有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等关系副词when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语一、主语从句(subject clauses)1、 从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。That you dont like him is none of my business. Whether she will come or not is still a question. 2、 it作形式主语引导主语从句。如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。 用作it作形式主语的结构： It is/was +形容词+that 从句 It was clear that It is/was +名词+that 从句 It is a pity that It +不及物动词+that 从句 It seems that It is/was +过去分词+that 从句Its said that 其他It doesnt matter that2、 由连接代词引导的主语从句。（1） 连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的应当关灯。What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行为可能伤害别人。（2）what引导主语从句“的东西/事情”时，这些关系词在句子中充当成分，所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。What I need (=The thing which I need) is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移动电话。Whoever leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。3、连接副词引导的主语从句。连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。Why he didnt come here is not clear to anyone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。二、表语从句用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。1、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。2、由关系代词引导的表语从句。who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。3、由关系副词引导的表语从句。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。三、宾语从句(object clauses)宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。1、作动词宾语 （1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。I think (that) hell be right in a few days. （2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。 A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do Do you know whom they are waiting for? （3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. I dont know where we are going to have the meeting. （4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. 我想知道在乡下女儿是否和儿子一样受到重视。I dont know whether (if) you are willing to help me. 我不知道你是否愿意帮我。注意：whether 和if的区别，请参考概述部分。2、作介词宾语It depends on whether he is coming or not. 这要看他是否会来。3、 作形容词宾语。that引导的从句在下列形容词后面作宾语，that可以省略。Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定从前是否见过他。Im sorry (that) youre ill. 你病了，我很难过。4、it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语-宾语从句后置。正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的that引导的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况：（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess, hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语（宾语宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。She thinks it wrong that he didnt answer the phone她认为他不接电话是不对的。 四、同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。1、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。I didnt receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。2、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。3、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。课堂练习陈述句1.将下列陈述句变为主语从句 1.He likes playing football. It is known. 2.I dont go to the cinema. It is not your concern. 3.He is an engineer. It surprises us. 4.They bought a new car yesterday. It is certain.2.将下列陈述句变为宾语从句 1.He went to Beijing last week I know it. 2.Mr. Wang read a lot of books in 2010 I heard it. 3.He is a worker in our factory. She supposes it4.They can afford such a car. I believe it3.将下列陈述句变为表语从句1.My father goes to work by car. The problem is it.2.The students went camping last week. The truth is it3.All the tickets for the concert have been sold out The bad news is it.4. 将下列陈述句变为同位语从句1.Our team had won 2.He wont be able to see you this afternoon3.He wont be able to see you this afternoon一般疑问句1.将下列一般疑问句变为主语从句。 1Are you from Canada? It is not known. 2. Do you like French? It is still a mystery.2.将下列一般疑问句变为宾语从句。 1. Can you speak English? I wonder it. 2. Will you help me? I dont know it . 3.将下列一般疑问句变为表语从句。 1. Do you like these animals The question is it. 2. Does she want to go to the movies tonight The problem is it.特殊疑问句1.将下列特殊疑问句变为主语从句。 1Who is from Canada It remains unknown.2. How shall I do it? It worry me very much. 3. What time will you come? It 2.将下列特殊疑问句变为宾语从句。 1. Who is from Canada2. Will you help me? 3. When will we leave?我们什么时候离开? 4.Who elses raincoat can this be?这还可能是其他什么人的雨衣呢?3.将下列特殊疑问句变为表语从句。1. Who is from Canada2. Where are you from? 你从什么地方来？3. Which do you want? 你要哪个？ 家庭作业1、It doesnt matter I rest or not.Aif Bwhether Cthat Dwhen2、_I cant understand is he wants to change his mind.Athat, that Bwhich, what Cwhat, why Dwhat, that3、 I was free that day.AIt happened to BIt happened that CThat happened DIt was happened that4、He you are not going abroad.Asurprised that Bis surprised whether Cis surprised that D surprised at5、I wonder how much .Acost the coat Bdoes the coat cost Cthe coat costs Dthe coat is cost6、 I have will be yours sooner or later.ANo matter what BWhatever CWhether DThat7、 in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive in Beijing next Friday.AIt says BHe is said CIt has said DIt is said8、 we go swimming every day us a lot of good.AIf, do BThat, do CIf, does DThat, does9、Is this we met them last night.？ Awhere Bplace Cplace in which Dplace which10、We all know the truth there is air, water and sunlight there are living things.Awhere Bwherever Cthat Dthat wherever11、I think it is youre eating too much.Athat Bbecause Cthe reason Dfor12、It is said has been translated into French.Athat the work Bwhich