小升初语法总结及配套练习.doc

小升初语法总结及配套练习（要求：2000-3000个词，读、听、拼写）一、 名词（重点：可数名词和不可数名词）概述：表示人和事物的词1、专有名词：特定的人、地方、机构等专有名称，第一个字母通常要大写（eg: Jim Green、New York、Bank of China） 星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词个体名词-表示某类人或东西中的个体，如studentdesk 抽象名词-表示情感、状态、品质等抽象名称，如love物质名词-表示无法分为个体的物质名词，如watersand集合名词-表示若干个体组成的集合，如classfamily2、普通名词：不可数名词：water/ice单数-表示一个人或事物复数-表示多个人或多个事物可数名词 3、名词的数1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2. 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4. 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-JapanesePractice一、Please write the plural of the following words：City zoo country tooth mouse boy car tree horse bus _ox（ ）branch（ ）baby（ ）family( ) dish（ ）radio（ ）photo（ ）piano（ ）knife（ ）leaf（ ）life（ ）thief（ ）man（ ）woman（ ）child（ ）foot（ ）this（ ）watch（ ）diary（ ）day（ ）book（ ）dress( )sheep（ ）tea（ ）box（ ）strawberry( )peach( )sandwich( )paper( ) juice( ) water( )milk( )rice( )CD( ) deer( ) fish( )二、Choose the right answer:( )1. The _ in our yard are very beautiful. A. clothB. waterC. flowers( )2. Tom is one of the Chinese _ in our school. A. boy B. boys C. boies( )3. A cat has four _ , doesnt it? A. foots B. feet C. feets( )4. There are three _ and five _ in the room. A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Japanese( )5. Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. fish B. book C. horse( )6. The _ has two_. A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch( )7. The _ are flying back to their country. A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans( )8. The girl brushes her _ every day before she goes to bed. A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths ( )9.I saw many _ in the street. A. peoples B.people C.peoples( )10.The green sweater is his _. A.brother B.brothers C.brothers三、填入所给名词的正确形式。1. I have two_ (knife)2. There are many _ here. (box)3. There are many _ on the road. (bus)4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The _ are playing football now. (child)6. Please take two _ for me. (photo)7. I like the red _.(tomato)8. Would you please clean your _ now? (tooth)9. Do you want some _? (milk)10. There are ten _ _in our school. (woman teacher)二、 人称代词（主要用法）概述：用来代替名词或名词短语人称代词物主代词反身代词分类指示代词不定代词疑问代词关系代词类别数人称代物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性单数IyouhesheitonemeyouhimheritonemyyourhisheritsonesMineYoursHisHerMyselfYourselfHimselfHerselfItselfOneself复数weyoutheyusyouthemouryourtheirOursYoursTheirsOurselvesYourselvesThemselves人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。物主代词：有两类：形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无，就用名词性物主代词(长的)。如：人称代词主格作主语，表示谁怎么样，干什么了。I am a teacher, you are student. He is a student too.Weyouthey are students人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me. Lets go(lets =let us)形容词性物主代词 Her book my teacher his bike 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，故其后不必加名词。Is this your book?No, it isnt, its hers(her book)Practice一、填空1. Let_(I)help_(you)2. Let_(we)go.3. (I)_arestudents4. Icantfind_(they).5. Give_(he)thebook. 二、选择 1._areinthesameclass. A.Herandme B.Sheandl C.Meandher D.I and she 2.please call at 256-5859. A.me B.my C.I D.mine 3.Do you like these computers?No, I dont like A.it B.them C.they 4.our teacher think are right A.we B.us C.it D.she三、用括号中的适当形式填空(1) Are these (you) pencils?Yes, they are (our)(2) whose is this pencial? Its (I)(3) I love (they) very much.(4) she is (I)classmate.四、用代词的适当形式填空1、Miss Gao teaches English at school (we)2、I need a new schoolbag, so mother by one for .(I)3、This is not my dictionary, this is (she)4、This book is not (he)5、Look at mouth.(I)6、They are parents.(he)7、He is father.(Bob)8、This isnt pen. is over there.(she)五、英语代词语法练习1、Is this dictionary?A、you B、yours C、your D、hers2、Its a bird, name is happy.A、Its B、It C、Its D、His3、Is that pencil case?A、him B、he C、his D、hes 4、Please give the key to .A、his B、he C、him D、mine六、根据提示填空。1、Where are（我的） shoes?2、Are those(你的) shoes?3、（他） looks at (她) .4、Can you come and play with(我) ？5、Do you like(她) ？三、 冠词概述：有若干个词可以用在名词或形容词+名词的前面，我们把这类词统称为限定词，因为它们影响或限定着这个名词的意义。冠词就是其中一种。只能用于单数可数名词前不定冠词a 、an定冠词the复数可数名词不可数名词单数可数名词定冠词the定冠词the定冠词the冠词零冠词名词前可不用冠词不定冠词的用法：1、表示“一”、“任何一个”、“不管哪一个”的意思。I have a sister and two brothers.2、在某些度量表示法中：We have English lessons three times a week.3、用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。George wants to be an engineer.4、在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前：What a pretty girl!5、一些常用短语中：Have a good timehalf an hourhave a headache.定冠词的用法：（了解）1、 特指也称回指：We moved to a new flat last month, and the flat is so beautiful.2、 表示人或事物的类别：I dont like autumn and winter. The days are short and the nights are long.3、”The+集合名词”一般可以表示特指的群体： The publicthe policethe majority3、 用于泛指一天中的各段时间和季节：In the morningin the afternoonin the evening4、 用于地名以外的其它独一无二的事物：The United Nation5、 定冠词常与形容词最高级、乐器词连用：Its the worst play Ive ever seen(注意：在副词最高级前可以不用定冠词)零冠词的用法：1、 泛指的抽象名词前：Life is very hard for some people.2、 泛指的物质名词前：Water is very useful.3、 泛指的复数名词前：Books are my best friends.4、 泛指的“餐”名前：Come to have dinnerbreakfast with me.5、 大多数的专有名词前：He comes from France.6、 语言的名词前：She can speak French.7、 在季节和节日的名词前：Winter is the best time for skating.8、 当名词前已有一些代词修饰时：My brother is a police.9、 在体育项目的名词前：Play basketball.10、 一些常用短语：at homego to school at nightPractice一、填空1. This is notebook on my desk, I use notebook to keep a diary.2. There is bottle on the table, water in it is sweet.3. Wangs mother is English teacher, she teaches in primary school.4. China is ancient country with long history.5. China has population of 12 hundred million. The Chinese people are great people.6Her mother is university teacher. She is honest woman.7. None of books should be taken out of room without permission of the librarian.8. party always teaches us to work for people heart and soul.9. She studies at No.3 middle school , she goes to school by bus every day.10. my elder sister is student of English, she studies at college.二、用a,an或the填空（不需要的用“/”表示）：1. This is Ann. She has apple. Its red apple. 2. Can you see teacher in the classroom? Which one? 3. Where is teachers desk? Its near window. 4. We can find “f” in the word “family”. 5. Whats time? Its four oclock. 6. Whos man in Picture One? 7. Wheres cat? Its under table. 8. Dont look at me. Look at teacher. 9. students of Class One are playing football. 10. Its seven twenty in morning. Its time to go to school. 11. Li Lei is at home. He wants to go to classroom. 12. What colour is bird? Its white. Its white bird. 四、 动词概述：动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实意动词、Be动词、情态动词canmust等am is are Be动词was were Been现在分词：情况变化规则例词一般情况+ingDoingaskinghelping以不发音的e结尾的动词去e+ingHavingtakingwritingliving以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词双写最后一个辅音字母再加ingRunning SwimmingPutting sittingPractice一、 用am, is, are 填空（不需要的用“/”表示）1. My grandma _ a doctor. 2. Xiao Ming _ twelve years old. He _ tall and thin. 3. Lucy and Lily _ twins. 4. There _ an eraser in the pencil-case. 5. There _ bananas on the table. 6. There _ a book and three pencils on the desk. 7. There _ a banana and some pears in the fridge. 8. _ you a policeman? No , I _ not.9. _ she a student? Yes, she _.10. Who _ they? 11. They _ my classmates, Wang lin and Zhang Jun. 12. It _ 8 oclock. 13. What day _ it today? 14. It _ Tuesday. 15. PE _ my favourite class. 16. This _ a yellow dress. 17. These _ my old clothes. 18. I Li Lei. She Lucy. She and I good friends. 19. What these over there? Oh, they my sweaters. 20. your book red? Yes, it . 21. your book and pen red? No, they not. 22. your books red? Yes . 23. My clothes blue. His yellow. 24. Lucy and Lily twins. They American. They look the same. 25. Miss Gao our English teacher. She has a son. 26. His name Sun Huimin. He in our class. 27. The students of Class Three on the hill now.原形第三人称单数现在时过去时现在分词have give getreadsweepplaycarry二、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink go stay make look have pass carry 三、 用括号内动词的适当形式填空1. He often (have)dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy (be)in class one.3. We (not watch)TV on Monday. 4. Nick (not go)to the zoo on Sunday.四、 介词概述：经常用在名词或名词短语、代词或动名词之前，用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。一、 时间介词：1. on( 1 ) 在-上面 The book is on the desk.( 2 ) 在-（哪一天/星期）What do you do on Wednesday?( 3 ) 在-（月、日）My birthday is on August 2nd.2. in（1）在-里面 The pens are in the pencil-box.（2）在-（哪一年/月）His birthday is in October. He wor ked here in 1992.（3） 在-（地方） He works in Dongguan.（4）在-之内 What are you going to do in 20 years?（5） 在-（早上、下午、晚上） I do morning exercises in the morning every day. I usually play basketball in the afternoon. I often do my homework in the evening.3. at（1）在-（点钟）I usually go to school at 8:00 am.（2）在中午 at noon二、方位介词：1. under 在-底下 There is a ball under the bed.2. near 在-附近 There is a book shop near our school.3. in front of 在-前面 A boy is standing in front of the house.4. beside 在-旁边 A football is beside thedoor.5. next to 紧挨着 There is a bus station next to No. 13 Middle School.6. over 在-正上方 A bridge is over the river.7. on the left 在-左边 The bookstore is on the left.8. on the right 在-右边 The hospital is on the right.9. before 在之前 Mike sits before me.10. after 在-以后 He went home after school.11. in the middle 在-中间 The road is in the middle.12. at（1）在-（小地方） I am at school today.I was at home yesterday.（2）看一看 Look at the blackboard.13. behind 在-后面 There is a broom behind the door.二、 其它常用介词1. For（1） 给。 This present is for you.（2） 为了。 Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo.（3）作为。 We have some chips and hamburgers for lunch.2. To（1）到。 Take your sportshoes to the P.E class.（2）致。 Happy birthday to you. Give it to your friend.3.from 来自 I am from China. = I come from China.4.from - to 从-到- Line up from shorter to taller. We have class from Monday to Friday.5.of -的 He is a student of Kama School.6. By（1）在-之前。 We must be at home by 6 oclock.（2）乘-交通工具。 People can go to the moon by spaceship.I go to school by bus.7. With（1） 用。 I write a letter with a pen.（2） 和-一起。 He went to Shenzhen with his parents.8.between 在-与-之间 。There is a football match between Class One and Class Three.9. into 到-里。 Sharks can dive into the deep cold water.10. Like（1）像- The twins are like their father.（2）长相-怎样？ Whats she like?11. About（1）大约；关于 Its about 6:（2）-怎么样？ What about-? How about-?Practice一、填空1. the first day school 2. the school playground3. classes 4. Wednesday5. a farm 6.pull _carrots7. a lot fruit trees 8. Live a town9. the weekends 10. the sitting room 11. the 4th _ November 12. Look them13. New Year 14. Christmas Day 15.dress costumes二、选择题 ( )1._ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man.A. On B. At C. In ( )2.Many people work _ the day and sleep night. A. on; at B. in; in C. in; at ( )3.He speaks Japanese best the boy students.A. between B. with C. among( )4.A wolf _ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy.A. with B. in C. on( )5.Joan hopes to come back _ three days.A. after B. for C. in( )6.They sent the letter to me _ mistake.A. by B. for C. with( )7.He left home _ a cold winter evening.A. at B. on C. in( )8.Shanghai is _ the east of China.A. in B. on C. to( )9._ my fathers help, I have finished my composition.A. Under B. On C. with( )10.Hes very strict _ himself and hes very strict _ his work.A. with ; in B. in ; with C. with ; with五、 数量词概述：数量词或数量词组常用来修饰名词，表示我们所说的事物的数与量。有些数量词修饰可数名词复数，如：many(a)fewseveral等：有些数量词修饰不可数，如：much(a)little；有些数量词则是二者皆可修饰，如：a lot of, lots of, some六、形容词和副词概述：形容词经常用于说明人或事物的性质，最为常见的是作名词的定语。根据所描述的对象和意图的不同，又可分为多种类型。形容词：1.修饰名词，描述其性质、品质、特征等的词。一般“的”的词都是形容词。如：Sheisabeautifulgirl.(漂亮的)2.在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。如：Ihaveaninterestingbook.(interesting有趣的，修饰book，在句中作定语)Wearehappytoday.(happy快乐的，在句中作表语)Studentsshouldkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.(clean干净的，tidy整洁的，在句中都作宾语补足语)3.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词（简记：县官行令色国才）如：atall17-year-oldblackAmericanboy.一个17岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。thebigroundredwoodentable.又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。副词1.通常修饰动词，表示动作的程度、方式等。还可修饰形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子，在句中作状语。一般“地”的词都是副词。如：you must listen to the teacher carefully(仔细地、认真地)2. 副词的分类（1）时间副词：now today等（2）频度副词：always usuallyoftensometimes seldomnever(3) 地点副词：herethereupstairsdownstairs等（4）方式副词carefullywellfastpolitely等（5）程度副词：muchlittlequite等（6）疑问副词：howwhenwherewhy等3. 形容词转化为副词（1）一般在形容词后+ly 如：quick-quickly(2)以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i +ly如：happy-happily(3)以ue结尾的形容词，去e+ly如：true-truly注：有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性，如：fast hard high late far等，词性只有通过具体语境来判断。 另：有些以ly结尾的词不是副词而是形容词，如：friendly lovely lonely lively 等形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构成1 比较级：两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如：tall-taller, well-better2 最高级：三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如：long-longest3 比较级和最高级的变化规则：规则变化（单音节和少数双音节）（1） 在词尾直接+er/est short-shorter-shortest（2） 词尾是e，只+r/st nice-nicer-nicest（3） 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再+er/est，如happy-happier-happiest（4） 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再+er/est,如：big-bigger-biggest(5) 其它双音节词和多音节词，其前+more/most，如：more/most delicious不规则变化：如下表（简记为：好 坏 多 少 远）词义原级比较级最高级好goodwellbetterbest坏badbadlyillworseworst多manymuchmoremost少littlelessleast远farfartherfurtherfartherfurthest形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1、 原级的用法：用于两者之间对比，意为“.和相同”相当于the same as.肯定句：A+动词+as+形容词副词原级+as +BTom is as honest as Jack.Jack runs as fast as peter.否定句：A+动词+not asso+形容词副词原级+as+BThe tree is not asso tall as that one.2、 比较级的用法：（1） A+动词+形容词副词比较级+than+BSusan is happier than Jane.Lily runs faster than marry.注：形容词、副词比较级前还可以用muchevenstilla little fara lota bit来修饰（2） 数字（倍数）+形容词副词比较级+thanIm two years older than you.Our classroom is twice bigger than yours.(3)比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”The earth is getting warmer and warmer.(4)the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越.，就越”The more, the better越多越好（多多益善）3、 最高级用法：用于三者或以上的人或事物的比较，最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。（1） one of the最高级Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.(2) 比较级句型表达最高级意义A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B(单数) The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数) The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in Chin