【分享自小木虫】2014年浙江大学考博英语.doc

听力Part A 原文In my opinion, technology has become too advanced. I am 17-years-old, and I can still remember a time when I did not have a computer in my home, and if you did, it was uncommon. Not until the mid-1990s was it common for（middle class families） to have computers. In our society today, almost every single family has at least one computer if not more, and these computers are incredibly advanced compared to what youd have had in your home a short ten years ago. Over the years, I have seen technology bloom; all I have known my entire lifetime, is that there is going to be something bigger, I should really say smaller, and better （out on the market） in no time. I cant believe how fast manufacturers are coming out with new technology. What will happen in the future, will technology become so advanced is changes the course of our humanity? You can do everything you want from a computer, work, play,（talk to friends）, research, and even order food! A person could live their entire life jammed up in a room with a computer, and they would have access to everything they need! It is insane! The advances in communication technology are blowing up all over the place as well. I, myself just bought a new camera phone, and this phone is amazing. The picture quality is superb, and not only that but I （have access to the） internet on my PHONE! I cant believe how the cell phone market has so drastically increased. The first phone I ever had was five years ago, when I was 12 years old. That phone today would be considered huge, clunky, heavy, and old. I personally couldnt even imagine myself walking around with that phone （without being embarrassed）. It just goes to show how much things have changed in five years, and people just keep on taking it all in. Every time I have bought a new phone since that point, six months later, I have wanted a new one because my phone was not up to date. Can you believe it, after not even a year a phone can completely go off the market because it is not advanced enough? The manufacturers are putting these things out faster than people can buy them.Part B 原文It is an honor to speak with you today on the issue of（ public health disparities）. I would first like to thank the organizations that made this event possible. This has truly been a collaborative effort among a diverse group of constituents. I think this sets a positive tone and precedent for a healthy and spirited discussion. As many of you may know, reforming and improving our health care system is an issue that is close to my heart. I believe that in the richest and most powerful country in the world, we ought to be able to provide （basic health care）to all of our citizens. It is vitally important that we lessen the impact and burden of illness on all people in communities, regardless of race, gender, or religions. Our discussions today are critically important to rectify the injustices that many people face in our current health care system. Todays sessions have a greater purpose than mere discussions and networking opportunities-todays conference signifies an increased and （necessary call for action） among our regions top health professionals. Public health is directly connected to poverty, income, education, and community. We cant look at health care in a silo and assume it is only a luxury for the well off. Health care needs to be provided to all people of all color. We are morally responsible for （improving the disparities in health care） because a healthy society is the foundation on which we build our schools, our neighborhoods, and our economy. Health care is not a privilege-it is a right. I know we have along road to travel in achieving equality in health status. I know that everyone here knows this. And I am hopeful that perhaps more people than ever are （finally waking up to this reality）.Part C1 原文There were very few places in the world that Jules Verne, the writer, did not visit. He went round the world a hundred times or more. Once he did it in eighty days, unheard of in the nineteenth century. He voyaged sixty thousand miles under the sea, toured around the moon, exploded the center of the earth, and chatted with natives in Australia. Jules Verne, the man, was a stay-at-home. He was more likely to be tired from writing than from traveling. He did make a few visits to Europe and North Africa. And he made one six-week tour of New York State. But that was all. He spent less than one of his seventy-seven years really traveling. Yet he was the worlds most extraordinary tourist. His books are crowded with hunting and fishing expeditions. Jules actually went hunting only once. Then he raised his gun and shot off the guards hat! He never held a test tube in his hand. But he was an inspiration to the scientist in the laboratory. Long before radio was invented, he had TV working in his books. His name for it was phono-telephoto. He had helicopters fifty years before the Wright brothers flew their first plane at Kitty Hawk. In fact, there were few wonders of the twentieth century that this man of the nineteenth century did not foresee. In his stories you can read about neon lights, moving sidewalks, air-conditioners, sky-scrapers, guided missiles, tanks, electrically operated submarines, and air-planes,and so on.Part C2 原文Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their valuesthis cant be repeated too oftenare not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results will be. And at what point should you stop to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by seeking the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cant ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while theres life, theres hope.Part C3 原文单选The two friends sat in a corner and _B_ away to each other about the weatheratalkedbchatted cmuttered dwhisperedHe is going to _D_ the meeting on the subject of war and peace in a minuteaspeak btalk cremark daddressAlthough not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the governments _A_ policies.a. economic b. economical c. economy d. economicsThere are not many teachers who are strong _C_of traditional methods in English teaching.a. sponsors b. contributors c. advocates d. performersA friendship may be _B_ , casual, situational or deep and lasting.a. identical b. superficial c. critical d. originalNobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _C_ down the economy.a. put b. settle c. drag d. knockWe are _D_ to the idea, but we doubt whether the time is ripe to put it into force.a. equal b. adequate c. considerate d. sympatheticPeople were surprised to find that Mr. Johnson had the ability to _B_ everything he was involved in.a. Prevail b. dominate c. preside d. instructYou can do it if you want to, but in my opinion its not worth the _D_ it involves.a. force b. trial c. attempt d. effortThe manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for _D_ her attitude toward customers.a. straightforward b. partial c. favorable d. hostile完形Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they(1). Yet, all living things still show the(2)of aging, which will eventually(3)death. Aging is not a disease, （but）as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the(4) they form do not function as well as they(5) in childhood and teenage years. The body provides less(6)against disease and is more(7)to have accident. A number of related causes may(8)aging. Some cells of the body have a （fairly） long life, but they are not(9)when they die. As a person ages,(10)of brain cells and muscle cells decreases.(11)body cells die and are （replaced） by new cells. In an aging person the(12)cells may not be as workable or as capable(13)growth as those of a young person. Another(14)in aging may be changes within the cells(15). Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known(16)with age and become less elastic. This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and(17). This is also the reason why old people(18)in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and(19)information that the cells need.Aging may affect this(20)and change the informationcarrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.1. AwouldBbe used to Cused toD used2. Afunction Beffect Caffect D sign3.Alead in Bgive in Crun intoD result in4.Ahands BfeetCheart D organs5.Ado Bhas done Cdid D had done6.Aenergy Bprotection Cvigor D power7.Alikely Bprobable CpossibleD alike8.Aattend to Bcontribute to Cadd to D devote to9.Areplaced Breborn Crecovered D surrendered10.Aa number Bthe amount Cthe number D most12.Aold Bleft Cnew D other13.Ato Bfor Cof D in14.Afactor Beffect Creason D element15.Afor themselvesBof themselves Cthemselves D on their own16.Achange Bto have changedCto change D to being changed18.Aincrease Bshrink Clengthen D decrease19.Apass away Bpass by Cpass off D pass on20.Aimprovement Bprocession Capproach D process阅读In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. one kind of learning is called classical conditioning. this occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment, it is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion.The second kind of learning is called operant conditioning. this occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. for example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.Every day, we grow and have new experiences. we constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. this learning affects our emotions. why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? if a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. on the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.1. the authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _B_.a) teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotionb) give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learningc) give parents some advice on how to modify their childrens emotions through learningd) discuss with psychologist how positive and negative feelings are produced2.if your jokes often find already echo in a person, you will learn though _B_ that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.a) classical conditioningb) operant conditioningc) neither of themd) some other sorts of conditioning3. if a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. this is a typical example of learning through _A_.a) classical conditioningb) operant conditioningc) both of themd) neither of them4. in the third paragraph, the author is _D_.a) discussing how we grow and have new experiences every dayb) talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioningc) concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so ond) using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning5. in the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss _C_.a) definitions of positive feelings and negative feelingsb) the third kind of learningc) further examples of learning through operant conditioningd) none of the aboveAny country has good reason to want its citizens to be as healthy as possible, since one of its greatest resources is an active population. No country wants its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health.This was the kind of thinking which led to the introduction of a health service in many countries. In Britain this has developed into a “Welfare State” in which all citizens, rich and poor alike, can get most health treatment free. The money for this is partially raised by contributions from employers and employees.As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are much greater than was estimated. This means that the people who work for the Health Servicedoctors, nurses and other hospital staffhave much more routine work to do and as a result they have little time for preventive medicine. The Health Service does need more staffa need that can only be met if more money is made available to it.However, a powerful argument for the Health Service is that many people are able to receive expensive treatment which they could never afford themselves. Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they dont really need to. Because they have so many patients, doctors cannot spend as long with each one as they would like, and some people prefer to pay for private treatment so that their doctors can give them more time. In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others.46. In the authors view, Britain is a Welfare State in that _A_.A. all citizens are entitled to a free medical treatment in some senseB. poor, unlike the rich, could enjoy free medical treatmentC. health service is highly developed in BritainD. Britain doesnt allow its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health47. We can infer from the passage that _B_.A. the Health Service is introduced to many other countries by BritainB. the Health Service has been introduced and developed for 30 years in BritainC. an active population is the greatest resource in BritainD. all citizens in Britain have a good opinion of the Health Service48. The best title for the passage would be _D_.A. A Welfare StateB. Importance of the Health ServiceC. Disadvantages of the Health ServiceD. The Health Service49. The author mentions that some wealthy people prefer to pay for private treatment because _C_.A. their doctors can give them more time leave from workB. those doctors have better medical instrumentsC. they might save some money for the poorD. their doctors have a stronger sense of responsibility for the patients50. The word “abused” (Par. 4) means _B_.A. destroyedB. used in wrong wayC. ignoredD. wastedDo we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad or worse than the hazards of smiking too many cigarettes. All right then, lets pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Lets put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer-alcoholism. But wait. Weve already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abilished by an amendment to the Constitution and by a law of Congress. After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more many