第八讲 大学英语四级翻译解题技巧.doc

第八讲 大学英语四级翻译解题技巧解题步骤： SvY大学英语四级考试网第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。SvY大学英语四级考试网所谓形式包括：SvY大学英语四级考试网1.词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等);SvY大学英语四级考试网 2.虚拟;SvY大学英语四级考试网3.被动SvY大学英语四级考试网所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。SvY大学英语四级考试网第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。SvY大学英语四级考试网第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。SvY大学英语四级考试网SvY大学英语四级考试网e.g. 1. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to (适应不同文化中的生活). 06.12SvY大学英语四级考试网解题步骤: SvY大学英语四级考试网第一步：由it is not easy to可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形；SvY大学英语四级考试网第二步：划分成分“适应不同文化的生活”；SvY大学英语四级考试网核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语，“生活”作宾语；SvY大学英语四级考试网第三步：SvY大学英语四级考试网(1)切块对应翻译：“适应”=adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself to；“生活”=life；“不同文化的”=different culturesSvY大学英语四级考试网；(2)重新组合：adapt oneself to the life in different cultures。SvY大学英语四级考试网正确答案：adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures SvY大学英语四级考试网2. The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.SvY大学英语四级考试网解题步骤: SvY大学英语四级考试网第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟；SvY大学英语四级考试第二步：划分成分“本来会有机会活下来”SvY大学英语四级考试网，核心谓语动词是“本来有机会-”，“活下来”作宾语；SvY大学英语四级考试网第三步：SvY大学英语四级考试网(1)切块对应翻译：“本来有机会-”= would have a chance to do sth，“活下来”=surviveSvY大学英语四级考试网；(2)重新组合：would have a chance to survive.SvY大学英语四级考试网正确答案：would have/stand a chance to survive/of survivalSvY大学英语四级考试网SvY大学英语四级考试网考察知识点：虚拟语气与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用had done，主句用would have doneSvY大学英语四级考试网有机会做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth-SvY大学英语四级考试网考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：SvY大学英语四级考试网第一种：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子SvY大学英语四级考试网(1). 与现在的事实相反：If - + were/did-, - + would do-SvY大学英语四级考试网If I were you, I would marry him. SvY大学英语四级考试网如果我是你,就会嫁给他。SvY大学英语四级考试网(2). 与过去的事实相反：If - + had done-, - +would have done-SvY大学英语四级考试网If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.SvY大学英语四级考试网如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。SvY大学英语四级考试网(3). 与将来的事实可能相反：If -+ should do-, -+ would do-SvY大学英语四级考试网If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do?SvY大学英语四级考试网 如果明天下雨,你怎么办? SvY大学英语四级考试网第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中SvY大学英语四级考试网从句谓语形式为：“-(should ) + do sth” (在美语中should常省去) 。SvY大学英语四级考试网类似用法的动词有：SvY大学英语四级考试网insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。SvY大学英语四级考试网第三种：在 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .” 句型中，that从句中的谓语动词用should + 动词原形 其他类似的词还有“It + be + important (necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that -” SvY大学英语四级考试网第四种：用在It is time that - 结构中, 从句的动词必须用过去时以表示实际上还未做到，意思则指现在或将来，that一词可以省略，意思是“早该”或“该”。SvY大学英语四级考试网It is time (that) we went to bed .SvY大学英语四级考试网咱们该睡觉了。SvY大学英语四级考试网注意: 1. time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。2. it is time to do sth.表示“应该做某事了”、“是做某事的时候了”，例如：Its time for you to get a bath.通过对样题以及实考试题的分析，翻译题型有三大考点： Q9W大学英语四级考试网1. 固定搭配考点：这是翻译中的最为核心的考点，也是近几次命题密度最高的知识点，应该引起考生的高度重视。比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达，这些都可能成为本次考试的命题重点。 Q9W大学英语四级考试网例1：By contrast, American mothers were more likely _ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.(大纲样题)。 Q9W大学英语四级考试网【考点剖析】这个题目就非常典型。有两个固定搭配考点：1)be likely to do sth ; 2) owe.to /attribute.to (把.归因于) Q9W大学英语四级考试网2. 核心语法考点：这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移，这一点要引起同学的重视，尽管词汇单选题现在不考了，但是还是不能忽视这部分题目，因为考点是一致的。核心语法考点最重要的虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、从句知识、倒装结构、非谓语动词等。 Q9W大学英语四级考试网例1：The professor required that _(我们交研究报告) by Wednesday . Q9W大学英语四级考试网【考点剖析】本题是典型的语法题目。重点考查考生对虚拟语气的掌握。Require后面接从句的时候，一定会虚拟语气，语法结构为require that +sb+should+动词原形。 Q9W大学英语四级考试网例2：Not only _ (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either (大纲样题) Q9W大学英语四级考试网【考点剖析】本题同样为典型的语法考点。考查了考生对倒装结构这个特殊语法现象的掌握情况。句首的Not only决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在he之前加did。所以答案应该为did he overcharge me。 Q9W大学英语四级考试网3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查。 Q9W大学英语四级考试网例1：Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis . Q9W大学英语四级考试网【考点剖析】本题的重要考点就是考生对解雇这个核心动词的翻译。可以表示解雇的有dismiss, discharge, fire等。 Q9W大学英语四级考试网五条冲刺备考建议： Q9W大学英语四级考试网1. 在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。 Q9W大学英语四级考试网例：(为了挣钱供我上学)_, mother often takes on more work than is good for her Q9W大学英语四级考试网【考点剖析】对于为了挣钱供我上学的表达，我们可以说To earn money for my education; To earn money for my schooling ; In order to make money to finance my education ; In order to make money to fund my education ; In order to earn money to afford my education等。Q9W大学英语四级考试网2. 绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点 Q9W大学英语四级考试网例：The author was required to submit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research paper. Q9W大学英语四级考试网上面这道题是2004年1月份四级考试的一道词汇单选题，同学们不难发现，句中的submit(提交)这个考点词在2006年6月的新四级的翻译题中再次出现，这足以说明以前的词汇语法题目的考点与新题型中的翻译题考点具有延续性与继承性。这种考点延续的例子很多，由于篇幅所限，就不一一列举，以下举几个典型例子，以前词汇题考点，在未来的翻译中很可能考到的，抛砖引玉，希望引起考生重视。 Q9W大学英语四级考试网3. 多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一举两得。例2：You will not be particular about your food in time of great hunger Q9W大学英语四级考试网【考点探究】be particular about your food(对食物挑剔)这个核心短语很可能成为翻译考点。除了这个表达外，还可以用be selective about your food 进行替换，这就反映了表达的多样性。 Q9W大学英语四级考试网Q9W大学英语四级考试网4. 强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。 Q9W大学英语四级考试网5. 深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。 Q9W大学英语四级考试网大学英语四级真题翻译常见考察点：1. 考查主语从句的用法：2009 0690. What many people havent realized is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.2008 1288. What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.2. 考查 Be likely to 的用法：2009 0689. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to put on/gain weight.2007 1288. In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am more likely to get tired than before/ I get tired more easily than before3. 考查no matter what /whatever it is的用法：2008 0689 Leaving ones job, no matter what job it is/whatever job it is , is a difficult change , even for those who look forward to retiring .2007 1289. I am going to pursue this course, no matter what/whatever sacrifices I have to make .4. 考查定语从句的用法：2008 1287. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems to which they havent found answers so far/that they havent found answers to so far.2007 0688. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field where/in which we can cooperate.5. 考查decide to 的用法：20081290. Through the project, many people have received training and decided to start their own business.200706 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete decided/determined/made a decision to quit/give up/drop out of the match.6. 考查虚拟语气的用法：2009 06 88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary wouldnt have been caught in the heavy rain.2006 12 89. The victim would have had a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.7. 考查must ，might 等的推测用法：2008 06 88. I cant boot my computer now. Something must be wrong with its operation system.2006 12 90. Some psychologists claim that people might feel lonely when they are far from home.8. 考查 in 的用法：2009 06 87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had what many people havent realized in math and English.2006 06 87. Having spend some time in the city , he and no trouble (in) finding the way to the history museum.06-08年四级翻译真题分析08年12月87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problemsthat they havent found answers to (他们至今还没有答案).88.What most parents are concerned about (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.89.Youd better take a sweater with you in case it turn(s) cold (以防天气变冷).90.Throught the project, many people have received training and decided to start their own business (决定自己创业).91.The anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor (直到一名医生偶然发现了它).08年6月87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research can be applied to the development of the new technology (能应用于新技术的开发).88. I cant boot my computer now. Something must be wrong (一定出了毛病) with its operation system.89. Leaving ones job, no matter what job it is / whatever job it is (无论是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.90. Compared with the place where I grew up (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.91. Not until he had finished the mission (直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriouslyill.07年12月87. Owing to / thanks to a series of new inventions (多亏了一系列的新发明），doctors can treat this disease successfully. 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am apt to / inclined to be more easily tired than before(我比以前更容易累了).89. I am going to pursue this course, no matter what / whatever sacrifices I will make (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). 90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because the latter is more convenient and time-saving (它更加方便和省时).91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is weighed upon how much they can borrow (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. 07年6月87. The finding of this study failed to take into account/consideration the quality of peoples sleep(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is one field we can make joint efforts on/one field we can co-operate in(我们可以合作的领域).89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete decided to give up/quit the match(决定退出比赛).90. To make donations or for more information, please contact us at the following address(按以下地址和我们联系).91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning if you are convenient(如果你方便的话).06年12月87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures(适应不同文化中的生活).88. Since my childhood I have found that nothing is more attractive to me than reading/to me, nothing is more important than reading(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).89. The victim would have a chance to survive(本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.90. Some psychologists claim that people might feel lonely when they are far from home(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).91. The nations population continues to rise at a speed/rate of 12 million per year(以每年1200万人的速度).06年6月87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble finding the way to the history museum (找到去历史博物馆的路). 88. In order to support my university studies/to finance my education (为了挣钱供我上学)，Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.89. The professor required that we hand in our research report(s) (我们交研究报告).90. The more you explain, the more confused I am (我愈糊涂).91. Though a skilled worker, he was fired by the company (他被公司解雇了).翻译练习：1I have had great deal of trouble_(跟得上班上的其他同学)。 2_(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如预料的那样).4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much_(是一门科学，也是一门艺术).5. Some women _(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family. 6Over a third of the population was estimated_(无法获得) to the health service.7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.8. The price of beer_(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.9.Wed like _(预订一张餐桌) five for dinner this evening.10. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_(想找麻烦). 11. It may be necessary to stop_(每隔时间) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _(伤害自己).13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_(忙着准备) her examination.14. The ships generator broke down and the pumps_(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically.15. Why didnt you tell me you could me the money? I_ (本来不必从银行借钱的） 16By the time you get to New York, I_(已经动身去) London.17. Buying clothes_(是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.18. Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon_(克服了这种心理).20. Please dont stand in the kitchen, youre_（挡路了）. 21There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _(打扰我) that evening.22._(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.23.When I _(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.24. The manager would rather his daughter_(不在一个办公室内工作).25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_(最终因天气不好而取消了). 17326I_(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon.27. How close parents are to their children_ _(有很强的影响) the character of the children.28. But for his help, I _(我不可能这么早完成).29. His remarks left me _(想知道他的真实目的).30. Mark often_(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 31If this cant be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to_(诉助武力).32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _（肯定没打扫过）.33. Everybody knows he_（受到了冤枉指控）.34. He wears a pair of sunglasses_（惟恐被别人认出来）.35. She never dreams of _(被派到国外). 36. If you wont agree to our plan,_(他们也不会同意).37. I should say Henry is _(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.38. _(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.39. If you dont like to swim, you _(不妨待在家里).40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you_(弄脏了新地毯). 41Frankly speaking, Id rather you _(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.43. John seems a nice person, _(即使这样), I dont trust him.44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_(正在研制) and perfected now.45. What a lovely party! Its worth_(牢记一生). 46Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not_(失去联系) the outside world.47. Cancer is _(仅次于) heart disease as a cause of death.48. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have _(这么好的天气).49. I would _(不会诉诸法律) a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.50. John cannot afford to go to the university, _(更不用说出国了).51I dont mind your_(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.52. I suggested he _（使自己适应）his new conditions.53. I have no objection_（再听听你的故事）.54. This popular sports car_（正在生产出来）out at the rate of a thousand a week.55. _ （请你找张空白纸）and write your name at the top? 答案1. keeping up with the