Airpak-算例(翻译50页).doc

Airpak 2.0 使用指南办公室通风 简介 前言 问题描述 第一步：打开并定义一个新任务 第二步：创建模型 第三步：加入辐射和模型 第四步：计算网格 第五步：检查风状况 第五步：将模型保存到任务文件中 第六步：计算一个解决方案 第七步：检查结果 汇总 参考文献简介 这篇教程演示了如何使用Airpak在计算机上创建有两个人工作的办公室的模型教程中你将学会： 打开一个新任务 包括计算机模拟相对湿度影响的分布 创建blocks, openings, vents, partitions, 和 walls 创建辐射影响的模型 改变计算机计算的迭代次数 计算一个结果 检查模型表面轮廓和物体表面的矢量，以及横断面图 空气入口的粒子流轨迹 通过计算机计算检查 房间里的舒适度的预测平均值(PMV)和不满百分比（PPD）必装条件这个教程假设你对airpak没有经验，但是你很熟悉接口，如果您不是，请检查第一张的用户指南问题描述这个办公室分为两个部分,每部分包含一个人，坐在电脑前工作,如图1.1。这个办公室还包括六个荧光灯、暖气片、空气入口、回风口,窗户。表面温度和空气流速剖面,目的是为了确定整个舒适的房间。Table 1.1: 几何参数,导热性 ，窗户和扩散器的流动边界条件尺寸温度速度进气口扩散0.2 m 0.3 m13.5 C0.85 m/s窗户3.65 m 1.16 m30.9 C-Table 1.2: 热源的尺寸和性能热源SizePower墙挂式取暖1.2 m 0.1 m 0.2 m1500 W人0.4 m 0.35 m 1.1 m75 WComputer 10.4 m 0.4 m 0.4 m108 WComputer 20.4 m 0.4 m 0.4 m173 W灯0.2 m 1.2 m 0.15 m34 WFigure 1.1:通风问题所研究的办公室的几何参数Step 1: Open and Define a New Job 1. 启动airpak,如简介1.5中说明的那样，打开任务面板将自动开启2. 为你的任务取一个名字(a) In the Select the job to open text box, type /office at the end of the path. 在选择任务打开文字框内，输入/office在路径的最后(b) Click Accept. 点击接受Airpak will create a default room with the dimensions 10 m 3m 10m, and display the room in the graphics window. Airpak将创建一个默认的尺寸为10x3x10的房间，并放置在图形窗口内。You can rotate the room around a central point using the left mouse button, or you can translate it to any point on the screen using the middle mouse button. You can zoom into and out from the room using the right mouse button. To restore the room to its default orientation, click on Orient in the Options menu and select Home from the Orient drop-down list. 左键围绕一个中心点旋转物体，你还可以用鼠标中键将它移动到任意一点，鼠标右键可以放大缩小视窗来进入或者退出房间。如果想把房间保存在默认位置，点击选项（Options）菜单中的确定方向（Orient）按钮，在下拉菜单中选择房间（Home）。3. Modify the overall problem definition to include the effects of chemical species mixing and turn on the ideal gas law. 修改总尺寸问题，定义包括化学混合种类和打开理想气体定律File Problem (a) Select On next to Species and click Edit. Airpak will open the Species definitions panel. 选择ON在Species项点击编辑Airpak将打开种类定义（Species definitions）面板i. Set the Initial concentration of h2o to 50. ii. Select RH from the menu to the right of the Initial concentration field for h2o. RH is the relative humidity of the air in the room specified as a percentage. iii. Click Accept. 1选择水的初浓度（Initial concentration）为502在初浓度组的右边菜单将水的参数设定为RH,RH是房间里的相对湿度百分比。3点击接受（Accept）(b) Under Gravity vector, click the Advanced button. The Advanced problem setup panel will open. i. Turn on the Ideal gas law option and the Oper. density option and keep the default values for the operating pressure and density. ii. Click Accept.(c) Keep the default settings for all other parameters in the Problem setup panel. (d) Click Accept to save the new settings. 在重力矢量（Gravity vector）下点击高级（ Advanced）按钮 。将打开高级问题设定面板。1打开理想气体定律（Ideal gas law）选项，工作密度（Oper. Density）选项，工作压力和工作密度保持默认值。2点击接受（C）保持问题设置（Problem setup）面板下的所有参数为默认。（d）点击接受（Accept）以保存新的设置。Step 2: Build the Model 创建模型To build the model, you will first resize the room to its proper size. Then you will create the features of the room, including people (2), computers (2), lights (6), tables (2), a ventilation return and input diffuser, a radiator, a partition, and walls. 创建模型，你需要调整房间尺寸到合适程度，然后创建房间的容貌，包括人(2个)，电脑(2台),灯（6个）,桌子（2张）一个回风口（ventilation return ）和一个输入出风口（input diffuser）一个散热器（radiator）一个隔断（partition,），和一堵墙1. Resize the default room. 调整默认房间尺寸Model Room (a) In the room Edit panel, enter the following coordinates: 在房间编辑（Edit）面板，进入下面的坐标。xS0yS0zS0xE5yE3zE-4(b) Click Modify to resize the room. (c) Click on Orient in the Options menu and select Isometric from the Orient drop-down list to show an isometric view of the room scaled to fit the graphics window. Note: The walls of the room are adiabatic and do not participate in radiation, by default. To include radiation effects at the boundaries of the room, you will define wall objects at the boundaries later in this step. （b）点击修改（Modify）来调整房间。点击 选项（Options）菜单的确定 方向（Orient ）按钮，在下拉菜单中选择轴侧（Isometric ）来三维显示并将房间缩放到适应窗口。备注：房间内的墙体是绝热的，默认不参与辐射的计算。包括房间边界内的辐射效应，你可以在下面的步骤中定义墙体。 2. Create the first person in the workspace. Note: There is a Person object in Airpak; however, for this simulation, the representation of the people will be simplified, i.e., the people will be represented by hollow blocks that are energy sources. Tutorials 2 and 3 will make use of the Person object. 在工作区内创建第一个人备注： 在airpak中有人（Person）这种对象，但是，在这次模拟中，人的表现将被简化，也就是说，人将被简化为类似于空心砖的能量源。教程2和教程3将利用人（Person）这种对象。Model Blocks （砌块）(a) Click New in the block Edit panel. Airpak will create a new hollow prism block in the center of the room. You will need to change both the size of the block and its location within the room. (b) Click Edit to modify the default block in the Blocks panel. (c) Enter the following coordinates for the first person: A点击砌块编辑面板（block Edit）上的新建（New）按钮。Airpak将创建一个新的空心棱柱砌块在房间中央，你可以改变房间内砌块的尺寸和位置。B在Block面板，点击编辑（Edit）按钮来调整默认的砌块C输入下面的坐标，为第一个人设置如下参数。xS1.4xE1.8yS0yE1.1zS-0.6zE-0.95(d) In the Blocks panel, set the Total power under Thermal Specification to be 75W. (e) Enter the name person1 in the Name field. (f) Click Update to modify the block. (D)在砌块（Blocks）面板，设定热力参数（Thermal Specification）下的总热力（Total power）值为75W.（e）在名字（Name）输入框输入名字person1 (f)点击更新（Update）来调整砌块。3. Create the second person. (a) Click New in the Blocks panel. (b) Enter the following coordinates for the second person: 创建第二个人A点击砌块（Block）面板的新建（New）按钮。B输入以下坐标给第二个人xS3.6xE4.0yS0yE1.1zS-3.05zE-3.40(c) In the Blocks panel, set the Total power under Thermal Specification to be 75W. (d) Enter the name person2 in the Name field. (e) Click Update to update the block. C在砌块（Block）面板，设定热力参数（Thermal Specification）下的总热力（Total power）值为75W.D在名字（Name）输入框输入名字person2E点击更新（Update）来更新砌块。4. Create the first computer. The computers will be represented by hollow blocks in front of the people in the office. (a) Click New in the Blocks panel. (b) Enter the following coordinates: 创建第一台电脑 电脑将被表示为办公室中人前面的一个空心砌块。A点击砌块（Block）面板上的新建（New）按钮。B输入下列的坐标：xS1.4xE1.8yS0.7yE1.1zS0zE-0.4(c) Set the Total power to 108W. (d) Enter the name computer1 in the Name field. (e) Click Update to update the block. C设定总热力（Total power）值为108W.D在名字（Name）输入框输入名字computer1E点击更新（Update）来更新砌块。5. Create the second computer. (a) Click New in the Blocks panel. (b) Enter the following coordinates: 创建第二台电脑A点击砌块（Block）面板上的新建（New）按钮。B输入下列的坐标：xS3.6xE4.0yS0.7yE1.1zS-3.6zE-4.0(c) Set the Total power to 173W. (d) Enter the name computer2 in the Name field. (e) Click Update to update the block. C设定总热力（Total power）值为173W.D在名字（Name）输入框输入名字computer2E点击更新（Update）来更新砌块。6. Create the radiator. This baseboard heater is the largest heat source in the room, and is represented in the simulation by a hollow prism block. (a) Click New in the Blocks panel. (b) Enter the following coordinates: 创建暖气片这个墙挂暖气片是房间里最大的热源，在模拟中将被表现为一个空心棱柱砌块。A点击砌块（Block）面板上的新建（New）按钮。B输入下列的坐标：xS0xE0.1yS0yE0.2zS-1.4zE-2.6(c) Set the Total power to 1500W. (d) Enter the name baseboard-heater in the Name field. (e) Click Update to update the block.C设定总热力（Total power）值为1500W.D在名字（Name）输入框输入名字baseboard-heaterE点击更新（Update）来更新砌块。 7. Create the first overhead fluorescent lamp. (a) Click New in the Blocks panel. (b) Enter the following coordinates: 创建架空荧光灯。A点击砌块（Block）面板上的新建（New）按钮。B输入下列的坐标：xS1.1xE1.3yS2.85yE3.0zS-0.5zE-1.7(c) Set the Total power to 34W. (d) Enter the name lamp in the Name field. (e) Click Done to update the block and close the Blocks panel. C设定总热力（Total power）值为34W.D在名字（Name）输入框输入名字lampE点击更新（Update）来更新砌块，关闭砌块（Block）面板。 8. Copy the first lamp ( lamp) to create the second and third lamps ( lamp.1 and lamp.2), each offset by 1.3m in the x direction. (a) In the block Edit panel, select lamp in the Blocks list. (b) Click Copy. The Copy block lamp panel will open. 复制第一个灯来创建第二个第三个灯，每个灯间隔X方向1.3米A在砌块修改（Block Edit）面板，在砌块(Blocks)列表中选择lampB点击复制（Copy）C砌块复制-灯（ Copy block lamp）面板将打开(c) Enter 2 as the Number of copies. (d) Turn on the Translate option and specify an X offset of 1.3. (e) Click Apply. Airpak will create two copies of the original lamp, each offset from the previous one by 1.3m in the x direction. C在复制数量（Number of copies.）输入2。D勾选移动（Translate）选项，调节X偏移量为1.3E点击应用（Apply）Airpak将从源灯创建两个复制物体，每一个比前一个X方向偏移1.3米9. Create the remaining three overhead lamps. (a) Create a group consisting of the three existing lamps. 创建剩下的三个架空灯A创建一个包含三个已存在的灯的群组。Model Groups （群组）i. Click Create in the Group control panel. ii. Click Add, and select Pattern from the drop-down list. The Pattern for group add panel will open. iii. Enter lamp* as the Pattern for objects to add. 1点击群组控制（Group control）面板中的创建（Creat）按钮2点击添加(ADD)选择下拉菜单里的模式（仿造）3输入lamp*在添加仿造物体（Pattern for objects to add）。iv. Click Accept. lamp, lamp.1, and lamp.2 will be added to the Objects in group list in the Group control panel. 4点击接受lamp, lamp.1, 和 lamp.2将被添加到群组控制（Group control ）面板中的群组中物体（Objects in group）(b) Make a copy of this group. i. In the Group control panel, click Copy to open the Copy group group.1 panel. ii. Enter 1 as the Number of copies. iii. Keep the Translate option turned on. iv. Set the Z offset to -1.8, and the X offset and Y offset to 0. v. Click Apply. The display will be updated to show all six lamps. vi. Click Done to close the Group control panel. 复制群组1在群组控制（Group control ）面板点击复制（Copy）打开复制群组1 （Copy group group.1） 面板2在复制数量（Number of copies）框内输入23保持移动（ Translate）选项已勾选4设置Z方向偏移-1.8，x方向y方向为05点击应用（Apply）。显示器将更新显示所有六个灯6点击完成（Done）来关闭群组控制（Group control）面板10. Create the air inlet diffuser. 创建进气口Model Openings (a) Click New in the opening Edit panel. Airpak will create a 2D opening in the center of the room. You will need to change the size and orientation of the opening and specify the temperature and air flow information. 点击半开放空间编辑（Opening Edit）面板的新建（New）按钮Airpak将创建一个2D的半开放空间在房间中央。你需要改变开放空间的尺寸和方向，确定温度和气流信息。(b) Click Edit to modify the default opening in the Openings panel. (c) Change the Plane to Y-Z. (d) Enter the following coordinates for the opening: B在开放空间（Openings）面板点击编辑（Edit）按钮来改变默认开放空间C将平面(Plane)改为Y-ZD为开放空间输入下列坐标xS5.0xE-yS2.7yE2.9zS-1.85zE-2.15(e) In the lower half of the panel, select Temperature and enter a value of 13.5 C. (f) Select X Velocity and enter a value of -0.85 m/s. (g) Select Species and click Edit. Airpak will open the Species concentrations panel. E在面板的后半部分，选择温度（Temperature）按钮输入数值13.5CF选择X方向速度，输入数值-0.85 m/s.G选择种类（Species）点击编辑（Edit）Airpak将打开组分浓度（Species concentrations ）面板i. Enter a value of 50 for the Concentration of h2o. ii. Select RH from the menu to the right of the Concentration field for h2o. iii. Click Done to update the opening and close the panel. (h) Enter the name air-inlet in the Name field of the Openings panel. (i) Click Done to update the opening and close the Openings panel. 1在水浓度（Concentration of h2o）输入数值502在菜单右边的浓度组选择RH3点击完成（Done），更新开放空间，关闭面板。H在名字（Name）框内输入名字air-inlet在开放空间（Openings）面板I点击完成（Done），更新开放空间，关闭面板。11. Create the ventilation return. 创建回风口Model Vents 排气口(a) Click New in the vent Edit panel (b) Click Edit to modify the default vent. (c) Change the Plane to Y-Z. (d) Enter the following coordinates for the vent: A点击创建(Mew)按钮在排气口(Vents)面板B点击编辑（Edit）按钮来调整默认参数的排气口C将平面(Plane)改为Y-ZD为排气口输入下列坐标：xS5.0xE-yS0yE0.5zS-1.75zE-2.25(e) Select Approach for the Velocity loss coefficient. (f) Retain the default Loss coefficient of 0. (g) Enter the name vent-return in the Name field. (h) Click Done to update the vent and close the Vents panel. E将速度损失系数（Velocity loss coefficient）选择为approach算法F保持默认损失系数为0G在名字(Name)输入栏里输入名字vent-returnH点击完成（Done）来更新排气口，关闭排气口（Vents）面板12. Create the office partition. 创建房间隔断Model Partitions （隔断）(a) Click New in the partition Edit panel. (b) Click Edit to modify the default partition in the Partitions panel. (c) Change the Plane to Y-Z. (d) Enter the following coordinates for the partition: A点击新建（New）按钮在隔断编辑（Partitions Edit）面板。B点击编辑（Edit）来调整默认的隔断在隔断（Partitions）面板C改变平面为Y-ZD为隔断输入下列的坐标：xS2.87xE-yS0yE3.0zS-2.0zE-4.0(e) Enter the name partition in the Name field. (f) Click Update in the Partitions panel to modify the partition. E输入名字partitions在名称输入框内F点击更新（Update）在隔断（Partitions）面板来调整隔断。13. Create the first office table. 创建第一张办公桌(a) Click New in the Partitions panel. (b) Change the Plane to X-Z. (c) Enter the following coordinates: A点击新建（New）按钮在隔断（Partitions）面板B将平面改为X-ZC输入下列坐标xS3.0xE5.0yS0.6yE-zS-3.524zE-4.0(d) Enter the name table in the Name field. (e) Click Done to update the table and close the Partitions panel. E输入名字table在名称输入框内F点击更新（Update）在隔断（Partitions）面板来调整隔断。14. Copy the first table to create the second ( table.1). The second table will be offset from the first table by 3m in the x direction and 3.524m in the z direction. (a) In the partition Edit panel, select table in the Partitions list. (b) Click Copy. The Copy partition table panel will open. (c) Keep the Translate option turned on. Specify an X offset of -3 m and a Z offset of 3.524 m. (d) Click Apply to copy the table and close the panel. 复制第一个桌子来创建第二个桌子（table.1）第二个桌子将和第一个桌子偏移X方向3米，Z方向3.524米A在隔断编辑（partitions Edit）面板，隔断（Partitions）菜单中选择tableB点击复制（Copy）, 复制隔断-桌子（Copypartition table）面板将开启C保持移动（Translate）选项开启，调节X方向偏移-3米，Z方向偏移 3.524米D点击应用（Apply）来复制桌子，关闭面板15. Create the office window. 创建办公室窗户Model Walls (a) Click New in the wall Edit panel. Airpak will create a wall in the center of the room. You will need to change the size and orientation of the wall and specify the temperature and radiation parameters. (b) Click Edit to modify the default wall in the Walls panel. (c) Change the Plane to Y-Z. (d) Enter the following coordinates for the window: A点击新建（New）按钮在墙体编辑（Wall Edit）面板Airpak将在房间的中央创建一堵墙，你需要更改墙的尺寸和方向，调整温度和辐射参数。 B点击墙（Wall）面板上的编辑（Edit）按钮，调整墙的默认参数 C改变墙体为Y-Z轴平面 D为窗户输入下列坐标：xS0xE-yS1.671yE2.831zS-0.203zE-3.853(e) Under Thermal data, select Outside temp and enter a value of 30.9 C. (f) Enter the name window in the Name field. (g) Click Update to update the window. E在热性能指标（Thermal data）下，选择户外温度（Outside temp）输入数值30.9C.F在名称栏输入名字windowsG点击更新（Update）更新窗户16. Create the floor for the room. 为房间创建地板(a) Click New in the Walls panel. (b) Change the Plane to X-Z. (c) Enter the following coordinates for the floor: A在墙面板点击新建（New）按钮B改变平面为X-ZC为地板输入下列坐标xS0xE5.0yS0yE-zS0zE-4.0(d) Enter the name floor in the Name field. (e) Click Update to update the floor. D在名称（Name）栏输入名字floorE点击更新（Update）更新地板17. Create the left wall of the room. 为房间创建左墙(a) Click New in the Walls panel. (b) Enter the following coordinates: A在墙体（Wall）面板点击新建（New）B输入下列坐标xS0xE5.0yS0yE3.0zS0zE-(c) Enter the name wall-left in the Name field. (d) Click Update to update the wall. C名称栏内输入名字wall-leftD点击更新（Update）更新墙体18. Create the back wall of the room. 创建房间背面墙(a) Click New in the Walls panel. (b) Change the Plane to Y-Z. (c) Enter the following coordinates: A在墙体（Wall）面板点击新建（New）B将平面改为Y-ZC输入下列坐标xS0xE-yS0yE3.0zS0zE-4.0(d) Enter the name wall-back in the Name field. (e) Click Done to update the wall and close the panel. D在名称栏内输入名字wall-backE点击完成来更新墙体，关闭面板19. Copy the floor to create the ceiling. 复制地板为天花板(a) In the wall Edit panel, select floor in the Walls list. (b) Click Copy. The Copy wall floor panel will open. (c) Keep the Translate option turned on. (d) Specify an X offset of 0, a Y offset of 3, and a Z offset of 0. (e) Click Apply. Airpak will create a copy of the floor ( floor.1) on the top of the room. (f) In the wall Edit panel, select floor.1 in the Walls list. (g) In the Name field, change floor.1 to ceiling. (h) Click Modify to update the ceiling. A在墙体编辑（Edit）面板，在墙菜单里选择floorB点击复制（Copy）墙体复制-wall（Copy wall floor） 面板将打开C保持移动（Translate）选项开启D调整X方向（X offset）偏移0，Y方向偏移3，Z方向偏移0E点击应用 （Apply） Airpak将创建一个副本（floor.1），在房间的顶部F在墙体编辑（Edit）面板，选择floor.1,在墙体列表G在名称（Name）栏里将名字floor.1改为ceilingF点击调整(Modify)来更新天花板20. Copy the left wall to create the right wall. 复制左墙为右墙(a) In the wall Edit panel, select wall-left in the Walls list. (b) Click Copy. The Copy wall wall-left panel will open. (c) Keep the Translate option turned on. (d) Specify an X offset of 0, a Y offset of 0, and a Z offset of -4. (e) Click Apply. Airpak will create a copy of the left wall ( wall-left.1) on the right of the room. (f) In the wall Edit panel, select wall-left.1 in the Walls list. (g) In the Name field, change wall-left.1 to wall-right. (h) Click Modify to update the wall. A在墙体编辑（Edit）面板，在墙菜单里选择wall-leftB点击复