外研版高中英语必修4学案：难句剖析拓展 Module1　LifeintheFuture Word版含解析.doc

难句剖析拓展but one thing is certain they are going to get bigger before they get smaller.但有一件事情是确定的他们在变小之前会变大。【剖析】 本句中they are going to.是one thing 的同位语，对其进行补充说明。【拓展】 before在不同的语言环境下有不同的用法和译法。）可译为“才”如：the fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could put it out.火灾持续了四个小时消防队员才扑灭它。）可译为“还没来得及就” 如：the house fell down before he could escape from it.他还没来得及从房子里逃出来房子就塌了。）可译为“趁，以免” 如：write down the telephone number before you forget it.趁你还没忘记，把电话号码记下来。）可译为“就” 如：they hadnt known each other long before they got married.他们没认识多久就结婚了。to get rid of garbage problem,the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun,preventing landfill and environmental problems.为解决垃圾问题，一些城市将把废料装到大型宇宙飞船上并把它们向太阳发射，（依此）来防止垃圾填埋和环境问题。【剖析】 1）此句中的to get rid of garbage problem作目的状语。动词不定式作目的状语，必须与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。在此句中句子主语the city作动作get rid of garbage problem的执行者。2）preventing landfill and environmental problems是现在分词短语作状语。【拓展】 1）get rid of 意思是“摆脱,除去”，相当于remove。2）prevent作及物动词，表示“预防、阻止、防止”，常用于以下搭配：(1)后面接名词或代词。(2)后面接形容词性的物主代词+doing。(3)后面接物主代词（宾格）+doing，多用于口语中。everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.无论他们住在哪里，每一个人在出生的时候，都会得到一个永不改变的电话号码。【剖析】 这是一个主从复合句，everyone will be given a telephone number at birth是主句,that will never change是一个定语从句,修饰telephone number，no matter where they live是让步状语从句。【拓展】 1）牢记与birth有关的短语：at birth=when sb.was born出生时by birth在血统上，生来，天生地give birth to生,产生;引起;造成second birth复兴,再生2）no matter+疑问词=疑问词+后缀-ever替换：no matter what=whateverno matter who=whoeverno matter when=wheneverno matter where=whereverno matter which=whicheverno matter how=however注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。译你现在说什么也没用了。误 no matter what you say is of no use now.正whatever you say is of no use now.distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away,with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.每个城市都有自己的远程诊所，因为医生在几千英里以外能为病人动手术，远程治疗成为常事。【剖析】 1）本句中as引导的是一个原因状语从句。2）with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic是复合结构，作状语。3）have sth.in common(with sb./sth.)(与)有共同的利益、特点等。如：jane and i have nothing in common.简和我毫无共同之处。【拓展】 with复合结构经常在句子中作状语，其构成形式有以下几种：1）with+ n.+doing (doing表示名词发生的动作，此名词为动作的执行者。)如：in parts of asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.在亚洲的一些地方,你不能坐着的时候脚指向别人。2）with+n.+done （done和with后面的名词是动宾关系，宾语是动作的承受者。） 如：the students are listening to the teacher with their eyes fixed on the blackboard.学生们在听着老师讲课，注意力集中于黑板。3）with+n.+to do （动词不定式表示目的或者将发生的事。） 如：with all these mouths to feed,he didnt know what to do.由于有这么多人要养活，他不知道怎么做。senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras attached to their head.通过系在头上的高科技照相机，行动不便的老年人和身体有残疾的人就能周游世界。【剖析】 1）using high-tech cameras attached to their head是现在分词在句中作方式状语。现在分词在句中可以作方式状语，但必须与句子主语构成主谓关系。2）attached to their head是过去分词短语作名词high-tech cameras的后置定语。【拓展】 单个过去分词作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词之前。过去分词短语作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词之后。如：the book written by him is very interesting.他写的书非常有趣。with the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970s,work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when theyre on the moon.20世纪70年代第一批月球移民的预言，现在进展到为居住在月球上的(人设计)大楼样式。【剖析】 1）with复合结构在句中作状语；此结构中的predicted for the 1970s是过去分词短语作the first moon colonies的后置定语。2）在主句中required for men to stay in是过去分词短语作building的后置定语。【拓展】 in progress的意思是“（在）进行中”。by the year 2000,housewives will probably have a robot shaped like a box with one large eye on the top,several arms and hands,and long narrow pads on the side for moving about.到2000年，家庭主妇们可能会拥有盒子形状的机器人。这些机器人在顶部有一只大眼睛，有许多胳膊和手，（用）两侧又长又窄的脚来移动。【剖析】 1）by the year 2000短语中的by意思为“不迟于（某时）；在之前”。2）sh