北师大版必修三Unit 8 adventure lesson 3 Marco Polo学案 (2).docx

unit 8 adventure lesson 3 marco polo学案1extreme sports have become popular in_the_last_ten_years.在过去的十年里，极限运动变得很流行。本句使用了现在完成时态。in the last/past .years/months .意为“在过去的年/月里”，通常与现在完成时连用。in也可以换为during。the economy has developed rapidly in the last few years.近几年经济发展迅速。in/during the past 10 years, the price of houses has gone up sharply.在近十年，房价上涨迅猛。单句语法填空the sale has_dropped (drop) in the last few months.three of his novels has_been_published (publish) during the past 5 years.last year, we stayed (stay) there for ten days.2although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that marcos stories about china were too fantastic to be true.虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的关于中国的东西太离奇而不可信。本句中although引导让步状语从句，相当于though.although/though it is expensive, it lasts forever and never goes out of style.尽管价格昂贵，但它却经久耐用，永不过时。辨析比较althoughalthough和though用作连词时不能和but连用，但可与yet, still等连用。although只用作连词，而though除用作连词外，还可用作副词，常置于句末thoughthough可以用于倒装句 ( as)，但although不可以he said he would come. he didnt, though.他说要来却没来。poor though/as i am, i can afford it.我虽然穷，这东西还是买得起的。1句型转换although he is a child, he can do a lot of housework for his family.he is a child, andyet he can do a lot of housework for his family.though it was late, he went on working. latethough/as it was, he went on working.2. 完成句子although/though_(he_is)_out_of_work (虽然失业了) and yet he has never been in debt.disabled_though/as_he_is (虽然他残疾), he has a strong will.this is a hard job. i_enjoy_it,_though (然而我喜欢)定语从句()：限制性和非限制性定语从句语法初识原句感知自主探究a.have you seen the film titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?my friend, who has served the company all his life, is retiring next month.water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.he said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.please give the book to jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.bpainting is an activity that can interest children.the man who often comes back home late is a doctor.id like to have a friend whom i can trust.(1)a组的句子都是非限制性定语从句，b组的句子都是限制性定语从句。(2)限制性定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号分开；非限制性定语从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开。(3)在限制性定语从句中，关系代词除了用who, whom, which, whose外，也可以用that;_在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词可以用who, whom, which, whose, 但不能用that。语法剖析定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。归纳起来，二者有以下几点不同：一、作用不同限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切，是先行词不可缺少的定语，它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或物，如果删去，全句的意思就会变得不明确。而非限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用；若把它去掉，全句意思仍然清楚。this is the person whom you are looking for.这位就是你在找的那个人。in their class there are fifteen students, who can speak english very well.在他们班上，有十五位学生，他们英语都说得很好。第一个例句中的定语从句表明作为主语的“人”不是任何一个，而是你在找的那个。如果去掉定语从句，表达的意思就不明确。第二个例句已经表明主语是谁，定语从句只不过是补充说明一点情况而已。若去掉从句，句子意思仍然完整。二、形式不同非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号，而限制性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。beijing, which is the capital of china, is a beautiful city.北京，中国的首都，是个美丽的城市。(从句可有可无，从句前有逗号。)she was no longer the woman that she was.她再也不是以前的她了。(从句不可少，从句前无逗号。)三、含义不同限制性定语从句有涉他性；非限制性定语从句有唯一性。the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。(杂志有带图画和不带图画两类)the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.这些杂志是他写的，里面有漂亮的图画。(杂志只有一种)四、引导词不同非限制性定语从句的引导词有：表示人who, whom, whose表示时间when, 介词which表示事/物which, as表示地点where, 介词which1.在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人的时候，关系代词只能是who, whom，不能用that；先行词指物的时候，关系代词只能用which，不能用that。2引导非限制性定语从句的which, as可以代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。she heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到了嗓子眼了。as i expected, he didnt believe me.正如我所预料的，他不相信我。1用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空the cctv tower, whose base is an electrical equipment shop, is frequently visited by travellers.such a person as he described doesnt exist here.this is all that i know about the matter.the day will come when people all over the world win independence.the factory where/in_which his father worked was destroyed in the flood.2单句改错this is the singer what name is known to all of us. whatwhosehe managed to pass the exam, that he had expected.thatashis father, who work as an engineer, is quite humorous.workworks3完成句子结果是那里的路况非常好，这一点远远超出了我们的预料。the road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect令人出乎意料的是我们没获得一等奖。we didnt win the first prize, which amazed us.what_amazed_us was that we didnt win the first prize.你班是否有母亲是医生的同学？is there anyone in your class whose_mother is a doctor?应用实战一、链接高考用适当的关系词填空1(2016江苏高考) many young people, most of whom were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.2(天津高考)we have launched another manmade satellite, which is announced in todays newspaper.3(安徽高考)mo yan was awarded the nobel prize for literature in 2012, which made one of the chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.4(湖南高考)happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.5(山东高考)there is no simple answer, as is often the case in science.6(山东高考)finally he reached a lonely island which/that was completely cut off from the outside world.7(上海高考)an ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with one another.8(全国卷)that evening, which i will tell you more about later, i ended up working very late.9(陕西高考)it is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised us all.10(江苏高考)after the flooding, people were suffering in that area, who urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.11(浙江高考)ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.二、针对演练.选词填空(that/whose/where/whom)1this is the very bus that im waiting for.2look out! dont get too close to the house whose roof is under repair.3all the neighbors admire this family, where the parents are treating their child like a friend.4we shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of whom are healthy.5after graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do.句型转换1it is known to us that taiwan is part of china.asisknowntous,_taiwan is part of china.2this is the room which/that my grandmother used to live in.this is the room wheremygrandmotherusedtolive3china has hundreds of islands, of which taiwan is the largest.china has hundreds of islands, thelargestofwhich is taiwan.4our village is no longer what it was 30 years ago.our village is no longer thevillagethatitwas 30 years ago5the old man has two daughters, and both of them work as doctors.the old man has two daughters, bothofwhom work as doctors.对应学生课下能力提升(六).单句语法填空1she very obviously (obvious) wanted to be left alone.2the captain was not willing to risk taking (take) his ship through the straits until be could see where he was going.3he sent off copies to various (vary) people for them to read and make comments.4he knew how important a piece of equipment (equip) the radio was when he could get touch with the outside.5she tried not to show preference (prefer) in her treatment of the children in her care.6do you know what eec stands for?7if a nuclear war breaks out,_every living thing will be wiped off the face of the earth.8the shop assistants had to have their days off by turns.选词填空in order to, turn up, back out, get . across, in turn, break out, stand by, put into prison1jack agreed to get here at seven, but it has been seven twenty. he hasnt turned_up2he explained the problem several times, but still he couldnt get it across to his students.3leonardo da vinci is said to have bought birds kept in cages in_order_to have the pleasure of setting them free.4i promised to help and im not backing_out now.5he was put_into_prisontwo years ago for stealing things and will be set free next year.6families living on the same floor share one kitchen, so they have to cook in_turn every day.7no matter what happens, i will stand_by you and support you forever.8when the war broke_out,_the family escaped to asia.课文缩写语法填空17yearold marco polo travelled across europe and asia with his father, and because his father wanted to do trade 1.with the chinese, they 2.eventually (eventual) eventually arrived in beijing during the yuan dynasty.marco was very clever and could speak four languages, 3.which impressed emperor kublai khan. so the emperor asked him 4.to_serve (serve) in the court and do many important tasks. marco was amazed 5.by how beautiful and powerful china was and was very impressed by beijing and the emperors palace. he was surprised to see chinese people using paper money to pay for goods. marco was also 6.confused (confuse) by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.after 17 years of service to the emperor, marco became 7.wealthy (wealth) and returned to italy. he was caught in a local war and put 8.into prison. but he was 9.lucky (luck) enough to meet a prisoner who was an author and interested in his stories about china. the prisoner wrote the stories 10.thatmarco told in a book, which became one of the bestselling books in europe.many people didnt believe the stories, but marco said he had only told half of what he had seen.阅读理解some people say, “extreme sports are so dangerous. why would anyone want to do them？” but the danger is what makes them so exciting. keep reading to find out the most popular ones.bungee jumping: people on some south pacific islands have been bungee jumping for hundreds of years. in 1979, some people bungee jumped off a bridge in england and made the sport popular around the world. bungee jumping came to china in 1996.skateboarding: at first, this sport was called “sidewalk surfing”. skateboarders often jump high into the air, go down steps or slide (滑行) down rails on their boards. they wear baggy trousers so they can move more freely.skydiving: this is probably the scariest (最惊险的) extreme sport. skydivers jump out of airplanes about four kilometers up in the sky. they usually free fall for a while and then open a parachute to slow down for a safe landing.snowboarding：this became a winter olympic sport in 1998. people tied their feet to the board with special shoes. they dont use any ski sticks. then they ride down hills, jump high and do tricks.语篇解读：本文介绍了几项极限运动，虽然危险但却刺激。1what made bungee jumping popular all over the world?aa history of hundreds of years.bjumping over a river in america.ccoming to china in 1996.djumping off a bridge in england.解析：选d细节理解题。由第二段的“.some people bungee jumped off a bridge in england and made the sport popular around the world”可知答案为d项。2in which sport do people jump from a plane or from a high place?abungee jumping and skydiving.bskydiving and skateboarding.cbungee jumping and skateboarding.dsnowboarding and skateboarding.解析：选a推理判断题。由第二段“some people bungee jumped off a bridge”及第四段“skydivers jump out of airplanes about four kilometers up in the sky.”可知，bungee jumping和skydiving都是从高处起跳的。3why do some people like to do the extreme sports?aits easy to learn.bits exciting and safe.cits scary but safe.dits dangerous but exciting.解析：选d推理判断题。由第一段中的“the danger is what makes them so exciting”可知，人们喜欢极限运动是因为它虽危险但刺激。.任务型阅读i live in the country and the water where i live is very rusty (腐蚀的)sometimes my toilet looks like it hasnt been cleaned for 40 years. so i have found myself looking for tips on how to keep a toilet clean. 1._magic erasers! if you put a chunk (大块) of a magic eraser in the tank of your toilet it will clean every time you flush (用水冲洗). 2._ i think its a great idea to throw a usedup magic eraser in there rather than ripping up a new one too.3_ if you poke a hole into a bottle of vinegar and then put the whole bottle into your toilet tank, the vinegar will help you use less water with eve