2014年毕业设计(外文翻译)格式规范.doc

（黑体，二号，居中）外文翻译（宋体，四号）院 系北方软件学院专 业计算机科学与技术班 级2401101学 号20023011010姓 名李杰指导教师负责教师（前面空5行，宋体，小三号，居中,后面空1行）沈阳航空航天大学（宋体，小三号，居中）2014年6月Microsoft Visual Studio1 Microsoft Visual StudioVisual Studio includes acode editorsupportingIntelliSenseas well ascode refactoring. The integrateddebuggerworks both as a source-level debugger and a machine-level debugger. Other built-in tools include a forms designer for buildingGUIapplications, web designer,class designer, anddatabase schemadesigner. It accepts plug-ins that enhance the functionality at almost every levelincluding adding support for source-controlsystems (likeSubversionandVisual SourceSafe) and adding new toolsets like editors and visual designers fordomain-specific languagesor toolsets for other aspects of thesoftware development lifecycle(like theTeam Foundation Serverclient: Team Explorer).Visual Studio supports differentprogramming languagesby means of language services, which allow the code editor and debugger to support (to varying degrees) nearly anyprogramming language, provided a language-specific service exists. Built-in languages includeC/C+(viaVisual C+),VB.NET(viaVisual Basic .NET),C#(viaVisual C#), andF#(as of Visual Studio 2010). Support for other languages such asM,Python, andRubyamong others is available via language services installed separately. It also supportsXML/XSLT,HTML/XHTML,Java ScriptandCSS. Individual language-specific versions of Visual Studio also exist which provide more limited language services to the user: Microsoft Visual Basic, Visual J#, Visual C#, and Visual C+.Microsoft provides Express editions of its Visual Studio 2010 components Visual Basic, Visual C#, Visual C+, and Visual Web Developer at no cost. Visual Studio 2010, 2008 and 2005 Professional Editions, along with language-specific versions (Visual Basic, C+, C#, J#) of Visual Studio 2005 are available for free to students as downloads via MicrosoftsDream Sparkprogram.2 ArchitectureVisual Studio does not support any programming language, solution or tool intrinsically. Instead, it allows plugging in various types of functionality. Specific functionality is coded as a VSPackage. When installed, the functionality is available as aService. The IDE provides three services: SVsSolution, which provides the ability to enumerate projects and solutions; SVsUIShell, which provides windowing and UI functionality (including tabs, toolbars and tool windows); and SVsShell, which deals with registration of VSPackages. In addition, the IDE is also responsible for coordinating and enabling communication between services.All editors, designers, project types and other tools are implemented as VSPackages. Visual Studio usesCOMto access the VSPackages. The Visual StudioSDKalso includes theManaged Package Framework(MPF), which is a set ofmanagedwrappers around the COM-interfaces that allow the Packages to be written in anyCLI compliant language.However, MPF does not provide all the functionality exposed by the Visual Studio COM interfaces.The services can then be consumed for creation of other packages, which add functionality to the Visual Studio IDE.Support for programming languages is added by using a specific VSPackage called aLanguage Service. A language service defines various interfaces which the VSPackage implementation can implement to add support for various functionalities.Functionalities that can be added this way include syntax coloring, statement completion, brace matching, parameter information tooltips, member lists and error markers for background compilation.If the interface is implemented, the functionality will be available for the language. Language services are to be implemented on a per-language basis. The implementations can reuse code from the parser or the compiler for the language. Language services can be implemented either innative codeormanaged code. For native code, either the native COM interfaces or the Babel Framework (part of Visual Studio SDK) can be used.For managed code, the MPF includes wrappers for writing managed language services. Visual Studio does not include anysource controlsupport built in but it defines two alternative ways for source control systems can integrate with the IDE.A Source Control VSPackage can provide its own customised user interface. In contrast, a source control plugin using theMSSCCI(Microsoft Source Code Control Interface) provides a set of functions that are used to implement various source control functionality, with a standard Visual Studio user interface.MSSCCI was first used to integrateVisual SourceSafewith Visual Studio 6.0 but was later opened up via the Visual Studio SDK. Visual Studio .NET 2002 used MSSCCI 1.1, and Visual Studio .NET 2003 used MSSCCI 1.2. Visual Studio 2005, 2008 and 2010 use MSSCCI Version 1.3, which adds support for rename and delete propagation as well as asynchronous opening. Visual Studio supports running multiple instances of the environment. The instances use different registryhives(seeMSDNsdefinitionof the term registryhive in the sense used here) to store their configuration state and are differentiated by their AppId (Application ID). The instances are launched by an AppId-specific .exe that selects the AppId, sets the root hive and launches the IDE. VSPackages registered for one AppId are integrated with other VSPackages for that AppId. The various product editions of Visual Studio are created using the different AppIds. TheVisual Studio Expressedition products are installed with their own AppIds, but the Standard, Professional andTeam Suiteproducts share the same AppId. Consequently, one can install the Express editions side-by-side with other editions, unlike the other editions which update the same installation. The professional edition includes a superset of the VSPackages in the standard edition and the team suite includes a superset of the VSPackages in both other editions. The AppId system is leveraged by theVisual Studio Shellin Visual Studio 2008.3 Features3.1 Code editorVisual Studio, like any otherIDE, includes acode editorthat supportssyntax highlightingandcode completionusingIntelliSensefor not onlyvariables, functions and methodsbut also language constructs likeloopsandqueries.IntelliSense is supported for the included languages, as well as forXMLand forCascading Style SheetsandJavaScriptwhen developing web sites andweb applications.Autocomplete suggestions are popped up in a modeless list box, overlaid on top of the code editor. In Visual Studio 2008 onwards, it can be made temporarily semi-transparent to see the code obstructed by it. The code editor is used for all supported languages.The Visual Studio code editor also supports setting bookmarks in code for quick navigation. Other navigational aids include collapsing code blocks an dincremental search, in addition to normal text search andregexsearch.The code editor also includes a multi-itemclipboardand a task list. The code editor supports code snippets, which are saved templates for repetitive code and can be inserted into code and customized for the project being worked on. A management tool for code snippets is built in as well. These tools are surfaced as floating windows which can be set to automatically hide when unused or docked to the side of the screen. The Visual Studio code editor also supportscode refactoringincluding parameter reordering, variable and method renaming ,interfaceextraction and encapsulation of class members inside properties, among others.Visual Studio features background compilation (also called incremental compilation).As code is being written, Visual Studio compiles it in the background in order to provide feedback about syntax and compilation errors, which are flagged with a red wavy underline. Warnings are marked with a green underline. Background compilation does not generate executable code, since it requires a different compiler than the one used to generate executable code.Background compilation was initially introduced withMicrosoft Visual Basicbut has now been expanded for all included languages.3.2 DebuggerVisual Studio includes adebuggerthat works both as a source-level debugger and as a machine-level debugger. It works with bothmanaged codeas well asnative codeand can be used for debugging applications written in any language supported by Visual Studio. In addition, it can also attach to running processes and monitor and debug those processes.If source code for the running process is available, it displays the code as it is being run. If source code is not available, it can show thedisassembly. The Visual Studio debugger can also creatememory dumpsas well as load them later for debugging.Multi-threaded programs are also supported. The debugger can be configured to be launched when an application running outside the Visual Studio environment crashes.The debugger allows setting breakpoints (which allow execution to be stopped temporarily at a certain position) and watches (which monitor the values of variables as the execution progresses). Breakpoints can be conditional, meaning they get triggered when the condition is met. Code can be stepped over, i.e., run one line (of source code) at a time. It can eitherstep intofunctions to debug inside it, orstep overit, i.e., the execution of the function body isnt available for manual inspection. The debugger supportsEdit and Continue, i.e., it allows code to be edited as it is being debugged.When debugging, if the mouse pointer hovers over any variable, its current value is displayed in a tooltip (data tooltips), where it can also be modified if desired. During coding, the Visual Studio debugger lets certain functions be invoked manually from theImmediatetool window. The parameters to the method are supplied at the Immediate window.微软Visual Studio1 微软Visual StudioVisual Studio 是微软公司推出的开发环境，Visual Studio 可以用来创建 Windows 平台下的 Windows 应用程序和网络应用程序，也可以用来创建网络服务、智能设备应用程序和 Office 插件。Visual Studio是一个来自微软的集成开发环境IDE（inteqrated development environment），它可以用来开发由微软视窗，视窗手机，Windows CE、.NET框架、.NET精简框架和微软的Silverlight支持的控制台和图形用户界面的应用程序以及Windows窗体应用程序，网站，Web应用程序和网络服务中的本地代码连同托管代码。Visual Studio包含一个由智能感知和代码重构支持的代码编辑器。集成的调试工作既作为一个源代码级调试器又可以作为一台机器级调试器。其他内置工具包括一个窗体设计的GUI应用程序，网页设计师，类设计师，数据库架构设计师。它有几乎各个层面的插件增强功能，包括增加对支持源代码控制系统（如Subversion和Visual SourceSafe）并添加新的工具集设计和可视化编辑器，如特定于域的语言或用于其他方面的软件开发生命周期的工具（例如Team Foundation Server的客户端：团队资源管理器）。Visual Studio支持不同的编程语言的服务方式的语言，它允许代码编辑器和调试器（在不同程度上）支持几乎所有的编程语言，提供了一个语言特定服务的存在。内置的语言中包括C/C + +中（通过Visual C+）,VB.NET（通过Visual Basic.NET），C中（通过Visual C）和F（作为Visual Studio 2010），为支持其他语言，如M,Python,和Ruby等，可通过安装单独的语言服务。它也支持的XML/XSLT,HTML/XHTML ,JavaScript和CSS.为特定用户提供服务的Visual Studio也是存在的：微软Visual Basic，Visual J、Visual C和Visual C+。微软提供了“直通车”的Visual Studio 2010组件的Visual Basic和Visual C和Visual C + +，和Visual Web Developer版本，不需任何费用。Visual Studio 2010、2008年和2005专业版，以及Visual Studio 2005的特定语言版本（Visual Basic、C+、C、J），通过微软的下载DreamSpark计划，对学生免费。2 架构Visual Studio不支持任何编程语言，解决方案或工具本质。相反，它允许插入各种功能。特定的功能是作为一个VS压缩包的代码。安装时，这个功能可以从服务器得到。IDE提供三项服务：SVsSolution，它提供了能够列举的项目和解决方案; SVsUIShell，它提供了窗口和用户界面功能（包括标签，工具栏和工具窗口）和SVsShell，它处理VS压缩包的注册。此外，IDE还可以负责协调和服务之间实现通信。所有的编辑器，设计器，项目类型和其他工具都是VS压缩包存在。Visual Studio使用COM访问VSPackage。在Visual Studio SDK中还包括了管理软件包框架(MPF)，这是一套管理的允许在写的CLI兼容的语言的任何围绕COM的接口。然而，MPF并不提供所有的Visual Studio COM功能。通过使用特定的VSPackage来支持的编程语言的服务，称为语言服务。一个语言服务定义了各种接口，而这些VSPackage实现包可以实现添加功能支持多种。功能性的方式，可以添加包括语法着色，语句完成，括号匹配，参数信息工具提示，成员名单和背景汇编的错误标记。如果接口完成，那么语言就可以使用这些功能。语言服务要在每个语言的基础实施。重用代码的实现可以从语言解析器实现。语言服务可以在本机代码或托管代码实现。对于本机代码，无论是本地COM接口或巴贝尔框架（部分Visual Studio SDK）都可以使用。对于托管代码，MPF服务，包括托管语言编写包装。Visual Studio不包括任何源头控制内建支援，但它定义了两种可供选择的源代码控制系统的方法可以用IDE集成。一个源代码控制VSPackage可以提供自己的定制的用户界面。与此相反，源代码管理插件使用MSSCCI（Microsoft源代码控制接口）提供了一个功能集的控制功能，用于落实各项源接口，用标准的Visual Studio用户界面。MSSCCI首次使用集成的Visual SourceSafe 6.0，但后来在Visual Studio SDK中通过。Visual Studio.NET 2002使用MSSCCI 1.1，Visual Studio.NET 2003使用MSSCCI 1.2。Visual Studio 2005、2008和2010使用MSSCCI 1.3版，增加了重命名和删除的支持以及异步传输。Visual Studio支持运行（每一个都有它自己的一套VSPackage）多个实例的环境。这些实例使用不同的注册表配置单元来存储它们的配置状态和区别他们的AppID（应用程序ID）。实例都是由一开始的AppID-specific.exe文件选择的AppID，设置根并启动IDE。一个AppID的登记VSPackage中集成了其他的VSPackage。Visual Studio的各种产品版本，是使用不同的AppID。在Visual Studio速成版产品都设有自己的AppIds，但标准，专业和团队套件产品共享相同的AppID。因此，人们可以安装Express版本并排侧其他版本，不同的是其他版本更新相同的安装。专业版包含标准版的超集VSPackage和包括对其他版本中的团队套件的