哈工大英语词汇提高Chapter 2 Nate the Woodsman.doc

Building Vocabulary Skills Unit 1 Chapter 2 2012级2014年春季学期Unit 1 Chapter 2 Nate the Woodsman Analysis of the Students 教学对象分析授课对象：词汇提高5班、词汇提高6班、词汇提高7班、词汇提高8班2012级在校本科生先修课程：大学英语(一)、(二)、(三)拓展课(2-1) 学生来源：机电工程学院、法学院、化工学院、经济与管理学院、航天学院、建筑学院、能源科学与工程学院、材料科学与工程学院、理学院、航天学院、大学二年级，大学第四学期学生人数：102人 Pedagogical Design教学设计Teaching Objectives 1. develop the students ability to acquire new words in different contexts; 2. reinforce the memory of the ten words through the feedback exercises: matching test and three checks;3. gain new insights into various associations and word formations, esp. the ability to use the roots and derivatives . Time Allotment Section 1Warm-up activities5 minutesSection 2Studentsinvolvement activities15 minutesSection 3Explanation and Practice around words in Chapter 2, further development for ROOT / PREFIX / SUFFIX information25 minutesSection 4quiz5 minutesKey Words Chapter 2dialogerraticextensiveforfeitfortifyilluminateisolaterefugereminisceurbanAdditional words 2monologuediagnosisdialect distendeddiversifymodify illustratesolesuburbanurbaneTeaching Procedure1. Warm-up Activity (5 minutes)Task 1 Theme-related video watching:E:mp3 & mp4影视教学版农业林中小屋 The Cabin in the Woods - 官方預告片【电影】（超清）_1104x624_2.00M_h.264.flv Task 2 Theme-related Discussion:It is an in-class discussion. Firstly, the students discuss the woodsman in the video in pair or in small groups; secondly, one student may choose his favorite character or plot in class, lastly, teacher may show his or her own views on the topic. The scene in the video might be related to Nate the Woodsman in Chapter 2, students would show their interest in the chapter they are going to learn.2. Studentsinvolvement activities(15 minutes) The students do multiple choice and translation of sample sentences in turn around 10 words in Chapter 2, at the same time teacher may help them to explain some new words or useful expressions. 3. Interactive Word Study in Context (25minutes)Skills of Vocabulary Learningantonyms in context synonyms in context common sense (general knowledge)cultural information create word power on words from example sentence X collocationrelated forms word formation on roots and affixation phrases and expressions from example sentence synonym discriminationAim: applying the theory of lexicology in class; give the students very clear clues of certain words and their meanings; teach the students how to learn English vocabulary and train them skills of how to memorize the new words.Teaching Steps:(1) perform the activities interactively based on guessing the meaning of the 10 words in context, try to make class lively; (2) apply the theory of lexicology to sense relations in the ten words, T mayexplain and enlarge something important. 1. dialog / dialogue: n. conversation or talk between two or more persons, characters esp. in a play or novel: A pastoral poem, usually in the form of a dialogue between shepherds. 田园诗常以牧羊人之间对话的形式出现。collocation:dialog box（计算机屏幕上供使用者作出选择的）对话框 syn: conversation, chat, colloquy会谈，讨论，会议;词根记忆 origin: dia- GK meaning “between”, log meaning “speech”.dia两者之间+log说话两人对话对话词根 log, loqu=to speak 表示“说话” logic n. 逻辑（学）log+ic说话的学问逻辑（学）logical a. 符合逻辑的monologue n. 独白（mono一个+logu+e一个人说独白）独角戏；长篇大论 He writes dialogue by cutting monologue in two.他把独白切成两截来写对白。 其他例句1. He went into a long monologue. 他一个人滔滔不绝地讲话。2. The comedian gave a long monologue of jokes.喜剧演员讲了一长段由笑话组成的独白。3. You rely on your internal monologue (or your gut feeling) for more decisions, and more important decisions你要靠自己的内心独白（或者说，直觉）来做更多，更重要的决定。4. Likewise, while reading, the pronunciation experience improves your internal monologue. 同样，在阅读时，发音技能提高了你的内心独白。5. Social media isnt a monologue, or even a dialogue, but a trialogue. 社会媒体并不是独白，或简单对话，它是三方会谈。prologue n. 前言，序言（pro前+log+e在前面说的话前言）词缀dia- 表示“穿过，两者之间”diagram n. 图表（dia+gram写，画交叉着画图表）diameter n. 直径（dia+meter测量穿过圆心，测量圆对面的线直径）diagnosis n. 诊断(dia+gnosis 知道穿过皮肤知道诊断) 诊断结论； 判断； 结论The two doctors made different diagnosis of my disease.两位医生对我的病作出了不同的诊断。 其他例句1. His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。2. The case defies diagnosis. 这种病症难以确诊。3. The doctor was out in his diagnosis. 医生诊断错了。4. The doctor made his diagnosis after studying the patients symptoms.医生研究病人的症状后，作出诊断。5. The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridges collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。dialect n. 方言（dia+lect讲只在两个老乡间讲的话方言）方言，土语；语调The children speak only in the local diaalect.孩子们只会讲当地方言。其他例句1.Cockney is the colourful dialect spoken in the East End of London.伦敦方言是在伦敦东区讲的颇有特色的地方语。2.He can speak several dialects.他会说好几种方言。3.He wrote a play in a local dialect.他用当地方言写了一个剧本。4.Promote materialist dialectics and oppose metaphysics and scholasticism.要提倡唯物辩证法，反对形而上学和烦琐哲学。 5. An old dialect of German mixed with English is used in church and at home. 上教堂和在家时，他们使用一种混合德语和英语的古老方言。2. erratic: adj. a. inclined to be irregular:不确定，没有规律的 The learner-driver steered an erratic course down the road. He made erratic movements with his hands.b. undependably eccentric, odd, queer: He always shows his erratic ideas to his co-workers. related form:erraticism: n. an erratic quality or tendency不确定性 erratically: adv. 不规律地, 不定地 syn: abnormal, anomalous反常的，不规则的, capricious变化无常的，任性的,changeable, dicey不确定的，冒险性的, iffy可疑的，不确定的, irregular anto: definite, certain3. extensive: adj.(more , most ) a. large in area or amount: Every year, the company spends extensive expenditures. They had extensive tree plantations in the U.S. b. far-reaching or comprehensive:related form:extensiveness: n. extensively: adv. 词根记忆 ex出+tens伸展+ive伸展出去的程度很大词根 tend, tent, tens = to stretch 表示“伸展” tendence n. 趋势，趋向（tend+ence伸展的状态趋势，趋向）distended a. 膨胀的，肿胀的 (dis分散+tend+ed向各个方向分散伸展膨胀的，肿胀的) The childrens stomachs were distended by malnutrition. 小孩们因营养不良而致腹部膨胀。 v.（使）膨胀，肿胀 Habitual overeating had distended the boys stomach.习惯性的暴食使这男孩的胃扩张了。其他例句1.The abdomen distends. 腹部胀大。2.The balloon was distended.气球已膨胀。3. One child had a distended belly, like the stomachs of famine victims. 一个孩子腹部肿胀，就像遭遇饥荒的人的腹部一样。4. The sea distended about us. 我们周围的海水上涨了。5. The balloon distended to about five inches in length. 气球膨胀长约5英寸。 intend v. 打算（in使+tend使想法伸展打算）intent n. 意图intention n. 故意派 extend v. 伸展，延长extension n. 伸展延长extensively adv. 广泛地，数量大地syn: a. big, broad b. comprehensive anto: a. small, narrow supplement to word formation:ex- a prefix meaning: a. out of or from: export b. former: ex-wife ex-President syn: spacious, large-scale, vast, wall-to-wall, wideanto: limited, narrow, restricted, short4. forfeit: vt. a. to lose sth or have to give up by ones own act, neglect or fault, lose ones position or life; lose health because of too overwork and so on: (因犯规、过错等受罚而)丧失(所有权), (因犯罪等而)失去(职位、生命等)；(因过劳等而)失掉(健康等)： He has forfeited his rights to the money by ignoring the lawyers letters. He forfeited our respect by telling lies about his wife. He forfeited his life by his careless driving. b. to give up willingly:主动放弃 He forfeited the game to his opponent.related form:forfeiture: n. (财产等)没收；(因犯规、过错等而受罚)丧失；(被)放弃 He was deep in debt and faced with forfeiture of his property. forfeit: a. 因受罚而丧失；被没收的： forfeit to + n. (不置于名称前) All goods may be forfeit to the state in time of war. 战争时期所有的货物都可能收归国有。 forfeiter: n. 受(财产)没收处分者，因犯罪而丧失职位的人forfeitable: a. 可没收的syn: lose, drop, give up, abandon, be deprived of, be stripped of, drop, give over, lose, relinquish放弃，废除, renounce, sacrificeanto: gain, profit, win5. fortify: vt. a. to prepare (a building, city etc) for an attack by strengthening and arming it: fortify against + n.The king fortified the castle against the attacking armies. b. to enrich with vitamins and minerals ( e.g. food, drink): 增加(食品的)营养价值 fortify with + n.The breakfast cereal is fortified with vitamins. fortified food强化食品，增强食品 c. to strengthen: fortify with + n. fortify against + n. She fortified herself with a good lunch. The farmers in the country fortified themselves against the cold wind.related form:fortifiable adj. 宜于设防的；可使巩固的fortifier n. 筑城者, 设防者；使(体力)增强的人；强化物；增强剂，谑补剂 fortification n. 筑城， 设堡；筑城学常用复防御工事，堡垒，要塞；(酒精、维生素)含量的增加；增强；强化词缀记忆 fort 城堡+fy使 使城堡更加坚固加强，增强后缀 -fy,-ify 表动词，使, 化beautify v. 美化classify v. 分类horrify v. 使恐惧glorify v. 颂扬diversify vt.& vi.使多样化，多样化；进入新的商业领域 As a singer, she began to diversify, performing songs in many languages. 作为一名歌手，她开始用多种语言唱歌，使自己的表现多样化。 其他例句1.Hills and woods diversify the landscape. 山陵和树木点缀景色。2.Our company is trying to diversify.我们公司正力图往多样化方面发展。3.Take grain as the key link, develop a diversified economy and ensure an all-round development.以粮为纲，多种经营，全面发展。4.The college biology department has diversified by adding new courses in biotechnology.该学院生物系通过增加生物技术方面的新课程而变得多样化。 5. We must try to diversify the syllabus to attract more students.我们应该使教学大纲内容多样化。modify v. 修改（mod模式+ify）修改；更改；缓和；修饰 I modified the handlebars on my bike to make it more comfortable. 为了骑起来更舒服，我把我自行车的车把改了一下。其他例句1. Established practices are difficult to modify.既定的惯例是很难更改的。2. In the black catthe adjective black modifies the noun cat.在the black cat这一词组中，形容词black修饰名词cat。3. The heating system has recently been modified to make it more efficient.暖气设备最近已进行了改造，使其效率得到提高。4. The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.工业革命变革了英国的整个社会结构。5. The original text has been modified so radically that it is barely recognizable.原文改动得如此彻底，几乎面目全非。purify v. 净化（pur纯洁+ify）create word power on 跑： scurry慌张地跑，急匆匆地走 scuttle仓皇逃走，快跑, 急走 jog慢跑 scamper蹦蹦跳跳地跑；惊惶奔跑 sprint快跑 trot急行，小跑 tear飞跑；狂奔；疾驰 dash奔跑 bound跳高跑 总结 run是指用脚迅速移动的一般用词。race, dash和sprint则是指非常快地跑过较短的一段距离。jog指的是作为一种运动的慢步跑：She goes jogging every morning. synonyms: strengthen, enrichantonyms: decrease, hurt, injure, weaken6.illuminate: vt. a. to light up: The gardens were illuminated by hundreds of small lamps. A sudden smile illuminated her face b. to decorate with lights, as in celebration: The street is beautifully illuminated during Christmas.c. (formal) to make sth clear or explain sth: He illuminated a statement with many examples. If you dont understand this, I will illuminate it for you. d. to enlighten: We were greatly illuminated by the discussion.那次讨论使我们受到了很大的启发。 related form: illumination: n.词根记忆 il加强+lumen光+ate使照亮，照明派 illuminating a. 启发的，照明的 unilluminating 无启发性的词根 luc, lust, lumen, lustr =light, to shine 表示“光，照亮”lucent a. 发亮的translucent a. 半透明的luster n. 光泽，光彩lustrous a. 有光泽的illustrate vt. 阐明 (il进入+lustr+ate进入光明阐明) 给加插图；（用示例、图画等）说明This story illustrates how important the family is in Latin American culture. 这个故事说明了家庭在拉美文化中是多么重要。 其他例句 1. This English textbook is well illustrated.这本英文教科书有精美的插图。2.He has illustrated this sentiment thoroughly in a drama.他在一出戏剧里充分地表现了这种感情。3. These graphs illustrate the results of the experiment. 这些图表说明实验的结果。4. These figures illustrate the success of the project. 这些数字说明这项计划很成功。5.He quoted some old Chinese sayings to illustrate his points.他援用了一些古汉语来解释他的论点。illustration n. 说明，例证cultural information:Halloween: (also spelled Halloween) is an annual holiday celebrated on October 31. It has roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain and the Christian holyday of All Saints, but is today largely a secular celebration.Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, wearing costumes and attending costume parties, carving jack-o-lanterns, ghost tours, bonfires, apple bobbing, visiting haunted attractions, pranks, telling scary stories, and watching horror films. 万圣节前夕每年的11月1日是西方的万圣节。10月31日是万圣节前夕。通常叫做万圣节前夜（万圣夜）。源自古代凯尔特民族(Celtic)的新年节庆，此时也是祭祀亡魂的时刻，在避免恶灵干扰的同时，也以食物祭拜祖灵及善灵以祈平安渡过严冬，是西方传统节日。万圣节是西方的鬼节。是西方国家的传统节日。这一夜是一年中最“闹鬼”的一夜，所以也叫“鬼节” 。当晚小孩会穿上化妆服，戴上面具，挨家挨户收集糖果。节日主要流行于英语界，如不列颠群岛和北美，其次是澳大利亚和新西兰。每年农历七月十五日，便是中国一年一度的“鬼节”中元节，佛教中称为“盂兰盆节” ，是我国三大冥界重要节日之一。民间有阳间过元宵节阴间过鬼节的传说。中国三大冥界重要节日三月三、清明节、七月十五。中国的鬼节中元节中国三大鬼节清明节、中元节、寒衣节三元节上元节中元节下元节的合称道教认为产生天地万物的三个基本元素是天、地、水，即“三元” ，三者称“官” ，即时空流动过程中的节段。天官紫微大帝赐福，诞于正月十五，称上元节，也就是“元宵节” 。地官清虚大帝赦罪，诞于七月十五，称中元节，又称“鬼节” 或“盂兰盆节” 。水官洞阴大帝解厄，诞于十月十五，称下元节，就是水官解厄旸谷帝君解厄之辰，俗谓是日。我们熟悉的元宵节即上元节，或称上元灯节。三元节时，三官下界巡游，履行职务。上元节正月十五农历正月十五日，是中国的传统节日元宵节。正月为元月，古人称夜为“宵” ，而十五日又是一年中第一个月圆之夜，所以称正月十五为元宵节。又称为“上元节” 。中元节七月十五中元节，定于农历七月十五日，俗称七月半。 传说该日地府放出全部鬼魂，民间普遍进行祭祀鬼魂的活动。凡有新丧的人家，例要上新坟，而一般在地方上都要祭孤魂野鬼，所以，它整个儿是以祀鬼为中心的节日，系中国民间最大的鬼节。下元节十月十五农历十月十五，为中国民间传统节日下元节，亦称“下元日” 、 “下元” 。下元节的来历与道教有关。道家有三官，天官、地官、水官、谓天官赐福，地管赦罪，水官解厄。总结：正月十五日汉族称上元佳节，乃庆元宵，古已有之；七月十五日汉族称中元节，祭祀先人；十月十五日汉族称下元节，乃食寒食，纪念贤人。 syn: a. light, illumine照亮, 照明；启发, illume照明，点亮，启发, brightenb. enlighten, give insightanto: cloud, darken, obscure使.阴暗，隐藏，使.含糊7. isolate: vt. to separate so as to be alone: Several cottages have been isolated by the flood water. A child with an infectious disease should be isolated. They did everything they could to isolate the Black people. related form: isolation: n. isolator: n. 隔离的人,隔音装置 词根记忆 i+sol 孤独的+ate使使孤独孤立派 isolated a. 隔离的，孤立的 isolation n. 孤立词源：该词来源于拉丁语insula（岛），岛之所以为岛，是因为与大陆隔离开来。词根 sol =alone 表示“单独”solitary a. 孤独的（sol+it走+ary一个人走孤独的）solitude n. 孤独solo n. 独奏（唱） sole a. 唯一的；单独的；专有的，独占的 The sole purpose of his trip was to attend a concert at Carnegie Hall. 他此行的唯一目的是要参加在卡内基音乐厅举行的音乐会。The sole survivor of the cash was an infant. 这次撞车的唯一幸存者是一个婴儿。 其他例句1. He was the sole heir to his fathers property. 他是他父亲财产的唯一继承人。2.He held a sole tenancy of a flat.他单独租用一套房间。3.He is now sole proprietor of the business.他现在一个人拥有这家公司。4. He is the sole importer of this product, and he certainly thinks hes onto awinner.作为该产品唯一的进口商，他当然觉得销路一定很好。 5. Farming is his sole livelihood. 他唯一的谋生之道就是务农。create word power on cabin: cabin boy(船上)男招待，男服务员 cabin class(船)二等舱座 cabin cruiser游艇 syn: seclude隔离，隔绝, segregate, detach使分离，拆卸；， 脱离, set apart anto: include, incorporate合并，组成公司，具体表现, integrate整合，使.成整体, join, mingle使混合，使结合8. refuge: n. a. a shelter or protection from danger , trouble, etc: 避难 The outlaw sought refuge in the church. the harbor of refuge避风港b. a place of safety or security:避难所The climbers sought a refuge from the storm. c. (BrE) safety island: collocation:give refuge to包庇，庇护take refuge in避难到； 逃避到；求助于，以支吾过去refugee: n. 难民 a refugee camp难民营 a political refugee流亡的政治犯词根记忆 re+fug 逃，离开+e向后跑得远远的逃离，避难 派 refugee n. 逃难者fugitive a. 逃亡的，n. 逃亡者syn: a. shelter, harborage停泊处(避难所)9. reminisce: vi. to recall past experiences, events, etc: Old friends like to reminisce about the “good old days”collocation:reminisce about + n.对追忆，回忆，缅怀；叙说往事reminiscent of + n. 使人想起的，使人忆起的某事或物related form: reminiscence: n. reminiscent: n. create word power on wedding: wedding anniversaries结婚周年纪念日paper wedding纸婚1周年 tin wedding锡婚2周年 crystal wedding水晶婚15周年 china wedding搪瓷婚20周年 silver wedding银婚25周年 pearl wedding珍珠婚30周年 ruby wedding红宝石婚40周年 sapphire wedding蓝宝石婚45周年 golden wedding金婚50周年 emerald wedding翠玉婚55周年 diamond wedding钻石婚60-70周年syn: bethink oneself忆起，思考、考虑, call up, remindanto: forget, repress10. urban: adj. a. of, in or comprising cities: The quality of urban living has been damaged by excessive noise levels. b. characteristic of cities: Ant tribes are low-income college graduates who inhabited group lives in the rural-urban continuum.“蚁族” 是生活在城乡结合地带的低收入的大学毕业生。 collocation:urban homesteading 建筑 城市定居美国城市旧房改造与返迁计划 urban planning城市城镇规划urban renewal城市更新urban sprawl 城市扩张(指市区失去控制地向郊区延伸)related form: urbanise,zevt. 使城市化 urbanism n. 都市生活，都市集中 urbanist n. 城市规划专家 urbanite vt. 都市人 urbanization n. 都市化,文雅化 urbanoid n. 具有大城市特点的 urbanologist n. 都市学家urbanology n. 城市学 词根记忆 urb 城市+an的城市的urban area 城区，urban life 都市生活派 urbanization n. 都市化suburban a. 郊外的，偏远的；土气的；见闻不广的 So many suburban houses were built last year outside the city.They live in suburban Washington.他们住在华盛顿的郊外。 n.郊区居民。 其他例句1. In this suburban golf course in Beijing, this kind of irrigation happens every day. 在北京郊区的这个高尔夫球场，这样的灌溉每天都在进行着。2. The reddish colour of suburban water by no means suggests unsanitary conditions. 郊区的水呈现红色无疑说明了存在不卫生的情况。 3. I grew up on the suburban streets of Denmark .我在丹麦一个郊区的街道上长大。4. I dont like the suburban gentility.我不喜欢这种无聊呆板的绅士风度。5. His clothes are conservative and suburban. 他衣着保守而传统。词根 urb =city 表示“城市” exurban a. 城市远郊的inurbane a. 粗野的suburb n. 郊区urbane a. 文雅的，有礼貌的 He was reticent, patrician, bookish, urbane. 他沉默含蓄, 雍容华贵, 书生气十足,而又温文有礼。 其他例句1. He tried hard to be urbane.他极力作出彬彬有礼的神态。2. Despite the crisis, the chairmans voice was urbane as usual. 尽管处于危机之中, 董事长的声音还象通常一样温文尔雅。3. He was urbane, courtly and honorable.他文质彬彬 、 谦恭有礼、正直体面。4. The novel is a searing indictment of urban poverty. 这部小