高考语文古文化常识整理.doc

动词类：1. “看” ：look; see; watch; observe; notice; catch sight of; stare; glare; glance; glimpse; see a film; watch TV;2. “说” ：telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth; talk with sb about sth; say sth; speak in English; whisper sth to sb; inform sb of sth; reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth; bargain; cha; repea; explain; warn; remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mention; admit; deny; describe; announce; introduce; complain3. “叫” ：cry; call; shout; scream; moan; sigh; quarrel4. “问” ：ask; interview; express; question5. “答”：answer; respond; reply6. “听”：listen to; hear; pick up; overhear7. “笑”：smile; laugh; burst into laughter; burst out laughing8. “哭”：cry; shed tears; weep; sob; burst into tears /burst out crying9. “吃/喝” ：eat/drink; sip; have a meal; have supper; toast; taste; treat sb to; help oneself to10. “穿” ：put on; wear; have on; be dressed in; make-up; get changed; be in red; take off ; remove11. “行” ：walk ; run ; climb; jump; skip; slip; come/go; enter; move; drive; ride; fly; crawl12. “坐” ：sit down; be seated; seat oneself; take a seat/ stand; lean13. “睡/休息” ：lie /on ones back/on one side/ on ones stomach; stay in bed; have a rest; take a nap; be asleep; bend; turn over; rest14. “写” ：dictate; write sth; describe; drop a line; draw; take down/write down15. “拿/放”： take; bring; hold; carry; fetch; lif; put; lay; pull; push16. “抓” ：take hold of; seize; grasp; scratch17. “打” ：hit; beat; strike; blow; attack18. “扔” ：throw; drop; fall; wave; shake19. “送” ：send; deliver; give; offer; see off20. “摸/抱” ：ouch; fold; embrace; hug; hold; in ones arms21. “踢/碰” ：kick; knock; tip22. “找/查” ：find; look for; find out; discover/explore; hunt for; search for seek / seek for in search of; search sb; search sp. for sth; check; examine; test; inspect23. “得” ：get; obtain; acquire; gain; possess24. “失” ：lose; be lost /be missing; gone; great loss25. “有” ：have; own; conquer; occupy =possess26. “无” ：nothing left; the remaining thing; disappear; be missing /gone27. “增/减” ：rise / go up /drop; raise; bring down /reduce; increase/decrease28. “买/卖” ：buy; purchase; afford; pay; pay off ; pay for; sell; on sale; bargain; bill / cheque / cash/credit card/notes/coins; discounts29. “存在/消失” ：come into being; exist; appear; survive ; live; show; turn up; disappear; die; die out; pass away; be out of sight30. “变化” ：develop; improve ; become; grow; go+ bad /wrong/ sour /without( negative adj.) turn + colour; change /change into; reform31. “成功/失败” ：make it; succeed; make progress; come true; realize ones dream; win; lose; fail to do; defeat; suffer loss; beat; turn sth. into reality32. “努力” ：try /manage; make efforts; attempt ; do ones best; do as much as one can to do33. 祝贺：congratulate sb. on sth.; celebrate; observe; get together34. 敬佩：admire; respect; show respect for/to; adore; envy /be jealousy35. 赞美/批评：praise; think highly of; blame sb for sth; sb is to blame; criticize /scold sb. for sth.; have a low opinion of sb; speak ill of36. 喜/恶：like; love; be fond of ; be keen on; be crazy about; adore; be into; prefer; enjoy; dislike hate; ignore37. 到达：arrive at; reach; return to; get to; stay in sp.; visit; leave; leave for38. 受伤：hurt ; injure; wound; cut; kill; drown; bleed; get burnt; suffer from; suffer a loss39. 损坏：damage; destroy; ruin; break down; crash; be broken40. 修复： repair; rebuild; restore; fix; recover oneself41. “认识的过程” ：feel; sense; guess; suppose; wonder; doubt; know /learn realize understand remember; be familiar with; recall; recite; apply to42. 认为;判断：think; believe; consider; find; feel; conclude; infer; doubt43. 想/考虑：think ofas; think about; consider; think over44. 支持/反对：agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn down; be against; elect; vote for/ against45. 花费：sth/doing sth+cost; sb+spend+ in doing sth; sb+afford +n/to do sth ; It +takes/took some time/ money/energy to do sth; sb pay some money for sth.46. 省/存钱：save /save up; set aside; put away; spare no effort/ time47. 参加：take part in; join /join in; attend; compete in/ for/against48. 控告：accuse sb. of; charge sb. with49. 救治/帮助： help /help out; save /rescue sb from sth.; treat; cure sb. of sth; aid sb in doing sth / to do sth; help sb with sth assist sb in doing sth50. 逃避：run away; escape from; flee; hide51. 阻止/禁止：prevent / keep/ stop sb. from doing sth; forbid doing sth.; ban; prohibit52. 对付/处理：handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth ; solve; settle53. 效仿：copy; imitate; learn from; learn54. 爆发/发生：come about; happen to; take place; break out; burst out; go off; explode55. 安装/装备：fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with56. 追求：pursuit; ran after; seek after; chase; catch up with; keep up with57. 建议：advise; suggest; recommend; propose; urge; demand; persuade58. 打算：plan / intend / design to do; be going to do /be about to do /will do59. 似乎/好象：seem; appear; look like/ as if /as though60. 开办/关闭：open; start; set up; close/close up; end; close down名词类：1假期vacation holiday spring break ask for leave be on holiday have two days off2旅游 trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking3职务人员 clerk secretary passer-by friend minister manager waitress guest host hostessAssistant customer adult neighbor relative patient /vet staff crew nurse teacherConductor tailor sailor inventor gardener guard4餐馆/定餐/就餐 inn restaurant kitchen menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table Taste delicious salad dash vegetables fruit tray napkin5诊所/看病/服药 clinic hospital take ones temperature take medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache doctor physician surgeon specialist patient6车站/机场 airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb.7身体部位 arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse wrist8意志 will courage patience determination faith effort confidence ambition energy9才能/品质 talent gift ability potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proudStrict honest cold serious easy-going learned knowledgeable10优缺点 advantage disadvantage strength weakness11目标 aim goal intention purpose belief faith12方式 means method way manner approach13身体素质 strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put on weight14图表 photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 划草图15文章 reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article magazine newspaper journal 日志 diary日记 Files form make a list of16课堂class course lecture example reason message notes words phrase scholarship degreeSubject question trouble difficulty grades read comment marks17 学校活动 match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony18建议/观点 advice suggestion idea proposal view recommandation19气候/天气 climate weather storm windy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth20交通 by train/bus /boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bikegive sb. a lift/ride21习惯 habit custom get used to regular有规律的(形容词) practice惯例(名词)22感觉 sight hearing touch smell sense23情感 feeling emotion anger delight sadness sorrow24 财富 money possessions wealth belongings fortunes treasure diamond be rich/well-off25 运动比赛 on the playground on the track and filed pitch event game match sport