中级钻井英语考试题库---仅供参考.doc

中级钻井英语考试样题1.in the latter part of August八月下旬2.take Sundays off星期天休息3.railway conduction铁路导航员4.bottom out at about 21 meters距井底约21米5.monumental depth纪念性的深度6.after a short while一小会儿后1.融化的硫thawy sulfur2.采矿工程师mining engineer3.一股石油a geyser of oil4.钝钻法cable-tool method5.另一方面on the other hand6.安装（组合）rigging up1.the number of许多2.paramount importance最重要3.operating company业主4.the general public一般来讲5.exploration geophysicist勘探地球物理学家6.rotary helper钻工7.head roustabout钻工头8.control console控制台9.keep tabs on记录；检测10.rigs electrical wiring钻机的电线11.rig electrician电工12.cementing company固井公司13.offshore location海上定位；海上井位14.rig mechanic机修工1.能源energy sources2.从事于at work on; be about; be engaged in;3.标书bid invitation; render4.中标win a tender; successful bider5.服务和供应公司the service and supply companies6.吊车司机crane driver7.钻井队drilling crew8.起下钻making trips9.搭把手lend a helping hand10.电器设备wiring; electric equipment11.带班队长tool-pusher12.配置泥浆mix the mud; to collocate mud13.国际钻井承包商协会(IADC)the International Association Of Contractors 14.公司代表company representative1.exploration well探井2.rock formation岩层3.crude oil原油4.for one thing首先5.rock layer岩层6.in addition to除 之外7.structural trap构造圈闭8.stratgraphic trap地质圈闭9.take several steps采取几个步骤 10. conductor pipe导管11. pile driver打桩机12. jack-up千斤顶13. drill ships钻井船14. land rig陆地钻机15. large flatbed truck大型平板车16. rig up钻机安装17. drill string钻拄18. depend on取决于19. be moved off location搬离井场20. wire-rope hoisting line动力绳 (起放井架用)21. truck mounted crane车载吊车22. steal pit钢制池23. safe stairway安全梯24. mobile offshore rig移动海洋钻机25. rig-up time钻机安装时间26. internal-combustion engine内燃机27. prime power source动力源28. combustion chamber燃烧室29. fuel-air mixture油气混合30. spark- ignition engine火花发动机31. compression ignition engine压缩（空气）发动机32. mechanical power transmission机械动力传送33. electrical power transmission 电力传送34. wire rope大绳35. drilling line钻井绳（大绳）36. auxiliary hydraulic brake辅助水力刹车37. mechanical cathead机械猫头38. make up the drill string接钻具39. break out the drill string卸钻具40. makeup cathead上扣猫头41. breakout cathead卸扣猫头42. auxiliary electric brake辅助电磁刹车43. fast line快绳44. in terms of在方面45. steel girder钢梁46. drill stem钻拄47. pressure- tight seal压力-紧密封48. have-walled pipe厚壁管49. jet bit喷射钻头50. diamond bit金刚石钻头51. wall cake泥饼52.reserve pit储备坑（污水坑）53. from time to time有时；不时54. discharge line灌注管线55. go to great lengths to do竭尽全力去做56.ram preventer封井器闸板57.pipe ram钻杆闸板1.开发井development well2.大陆架continental shelf3.天然气natural gas4.肉眼naked eye5.石油圈闭petroleum trap6.断层圈闭fault trap7.背斜圈闭anticline trap8.干旱的沙漠arid desert9.最小损失least loss10.油田oil field11.半潜式钻机semi-submersible rig12.潜水式钻机submersible rig13.顾名思义just as its name implies14.平底船flatboat15.严格来说strictly speaking16.被称之为is known as; be called17.即使even if 18.其次in the next place; next; secondly19.钻井液drilling fluid；mud20.辅助设备auxiliary equipment21.循环系统circulation system22.动力系统power system23.旋转系统rotating system24.提升系统hoisting system25.辅助系统auxiliary system26.传递系统transfer system27.传递手段transfer method28.控制系统control system29.井架底座constructors ; foundation30.换句话说in other words31.充当act as32.摩擦猫头friction cathead33.天车crown block34.游动滑车traveling block35.纤维绳fiber rope36.死绳dead line37.转盘rotary table38.钻柱drill string; drill stem; BHA 39.方补心Kelly bushing40.大补心mast bushing41.钻铤drill collar42.钻杆drill pipe43.钻井液drill fluid44.泥浆泵mud pump 45.振动筛shale shaker46.第二道防线the second line of defense47.防喷器BOP（the blowout preventers）48.泥浆房mud house49.万能防喷器annulus preventer50.节流管汇chock manifold51.盐水brine; salt water52.盲闸板blind ram 53.泥浆回流管线mud return lineSentences Unit1 &Unit2Part1 translate the following into Chinese1. Today, almost all drilling is done by the rotary method even though a little work is still done with cable-tool rigs. 今天，即使少量的工作采用顿钻钻机完成，但几乎所有的钻井任务都有旋转钻机完成。2. No bailing of cuttings is necessary, so drilling does not have to stop so often.由于不需要岩削提捞，所以，钻井作业不必经常停止。3. He is usually called the company man, although more formally he is called the company representative.虽然他的正式称呼为公司代表，但通常他被称为“公司人”。4. The tool pusher (sometimes called the rig manager) is the drilling contractors top man on location at the drill site. 队长（有时称为平台经理），是承包商在钻井现场的最高领导。5. If any one person can be described as being directly responsible for the actual drilling of the hole, it is the driller. 如果有一个被描述为对实际钻井负责的话，那么，他就是司钻。6. Many other services are required as the well is drilled. 钻井时，需要许多其它方面的服务。7. The work is not always easy-the weather can be terrible, the location is often remote, the hours long, and an element of danger exists. 工作始终是不易的天气能够变的很糟糕，井场经常遥远，工作时间太长，危险始终存在。Part2 translate the following into English1. 他住在井场上的拖车房里并且一天24小时随叫随到。He lives on location in the trailer and is on call twenty-four hours a day.2. 司钻直接受带班队长领导，是钻工的（全面）总监督。The driller is under the direct supervision of the tool-pusher and is overall supervisor of the floor man.3. 机工负责使为钻工设备提供动力的发动机处于良好工作状态。The motorman is responsible for keeping the engines that provide the power for the drilling equipment on the rig in good working order.4. 机械工会对钻机上或钻机周围的机械设备作些小小的维修。The rig mechanic may make minor repairs on the rig or equipment around the rig.5. 井场上的新手作为钻工开始工作，他的第一工作主要是观看和聆听。The new hand on the rig starts out as rotary helper, whose first job is mainly to watch and listen.6. 因为套管必须固定到位，所以固井服务公司就被召来做这项工作。Since the casing has to be cemented in place, a cementing service company is usually called in to perform this task. Unit3Part1 translate the following into Chinese8. The drill site-the actual location on which the well is to be drilled-is selected by the operating company. 井场实际被钻井的位置是由业主选定的。9. These openings are called pores. 这些孔称为孔隙。10. In addition to porosity and permeability, reservoir rocks must also exist in a very special way. 除了孔隙和渗透性，储层也必须具有好的盖层。11. This first part of the hole is large in diameter, but fairly shallow in depth. 第一层直径大，但是较浅。 12. Sometimes, at land locations, a rectangular part pit called a cellar is dug. 有时，在陆地上，需要挖一个被成为圆井的矩形坑。13. Rig components are designed for portability and are easily loaded and unloaded. 钻机的部件被设计成轻便、容易装卸。14. After finishing one well, the rig must be dismantled, moved and put back together so it can begin another well, often at some point many miles away from the first. 一口井完成以后，钻机必须拆卸，搬到新井场并安装在一起以便它能够开始新一口井的钻井，通常，新井场距旧井场数英里之远。15. Jack-up rigs are limited to drilling in water depths of up to 100 meters. 千斤顶钻机被限制在水深100米之内的井可以钻。16. Essentially, a drill ship is shaped just like any ocean-going ship; however, drilling equipment makes a drill ship distinctive. 实质上，钻井船外型与任何海洋船一样，与众不同的是钻井船上安装有钻井设备 17. To drill development wells, an offshore platform must be built and erected at a suitable site in the waters over the reservoir. 钻开发井，在油藏之上必须建立和架设一个海洋平台。 18. The operation takes a closely coordinated effort between the crane operators and truck drivers. 吊车操作手和卡车司机之间要紧密协调进行作业。19. Auxiliary equipment for the supply of electricity, compressed air and water is put into operation. 供电的辅助设备，空气压缩机和水已经实施。20. The large pump that will circulate the drilling fluid are put into place. 循环钻井液的大型泵已经摆放到位。 21. Drill pipe, bits, mud components, wire rope and other needed items are brought to the location. 钻杆，钻头，泥浆组分，大绳和所需的其它项目都已带到井场。22. The main function of a rotary rig is to drill a hole, or as it is known in the industry, to make hole. 旋转钻机的主要功能是钻井，或在工业上众所周知的“制造井眼”。23. Therefore, diesel engines are sometimes called compression-ignition engines, while gas and gasoline engines are called spark-ignition engines. 所以，柴油发动机常常被称为压缩-点火发动机，而气体和汽油发动机被称为火花-点火发动机。24. Two common methods are used to transfer the power. 两种普通的方法被用来传送动力。 25. This shaft turns because the engine is powering. 这个轴转动是因为发动机的驱动。 26. The output shafts are then mechanically linked together with pulleys and chains. 输出轴随后采用滑轮和链条进行机械连接。27. The chains serve the same function as a rubber belt between two pulleys and look similar to a bicycle chain. 两个滑轮之间的链条服务功能与皮带是一样的。这很像自行车的链条。28. Regardless of whether the rig is mechanical or diesel-electric, its job is to make hole, and to do its job it must have a hoisting system. 不管钻机是机械的或是柴油-电动的，它的任务是钻井，并且，要做这项工作，它必须有提升系统。29. It consists of a revolving drum around which the wire rope called the drilling line is spooled or wrapped. 它由滚筒组成。滚筒上缠绕有称为大绳的钢丝绳。30. It also contains a main brake, which has the ability to stop and prevent the drum from turning. 它包括主刹车。主刹车有停止和防止滚筒转动的能力。31. Air hoists are items of equipment separate from the draw works and are much safer and easier to use than a cathead. 气动绞车是一种从绞车中分离出来的设备，但它与猫头相比，更安全、更易操作。32. It looks very much like what ordinary folks call cable but is designed especially for the heavy loads encountered on the rig. 它看起来非常像平常人们叫的“电缆”。但是，经过特别的设计后，它可承担重载。33. To lower the traveling block, line is let out of the draw works drum. 降低游车，大绳从滚筒放松。 34. Crowns blocks and traveling blocks usually look smaller than they actually are because of the distance from which they are seen. 天车和游车通常看起来要比它们的实际尺寸小，这是由于看它们的距离（太远）所至。35. As can be imagined, masts and derricks have to be as strong as possible commensurate with portability. 可以想象，桅杆式井架和钻塔，在轻便的前提下，不得不尽可能的坚固。36. The Kelly bushing fits into another part of the rotary table called the master bushing. 方补心和转盘的另一部件，被称为大补心的相配。37. The Kelly must be broken out, or disconnected, when a length of drill pipe is added to the drill string as the hole is drilled deeper. 当为将井钻的更深而接单根时，方钻杆必须卸下，或与钻杆分离。 38. Drill collars are heavier than drill pipe and are used on the bottom part of the string to put weight on the bit. 钻铤比钻杆重，它接在钻拄的底部，以便向钻头施压。39. The inside-threaded end is called the box, and out threaded end is called the pin. 内丝扣端称为母扣，外丝扣端称为公扣。40. Tool joints are not added to drill collars. The wall of drill collars is so thick that it is not necessary. 钻铤上没有钻具接头。因为钻铤的壁是如此的厚，所以，它不需要接头。41. Since diamonds are so hard, diamond bits are sometimes used to efficiently drill rock formations that are quite hard. 由于金刚石最硬，所以金刚石钻头被有效的用来钻十分硬的地层。 42. Clay is added to the mud so that it can keep the bit cuttings in suspension as they move up the hole. 在泥浆中加入粘土，以便当钻削从井内携带出来时，能够在泥浆中悬浮。43. The equipment in the circulation system consists of a large number of items. 循环系统由许多部分组成。 44. On a land rig, the shaker screens out the cuttings and dumps them into one of the reserve pits. 在陆地钻机上，震动筛将钻削筛出并将它倾倒到污水池。45. Sometimes the rotary helpers or derrick man, under the drillers supervision, attend to the maintenance needs of the rig engines. 有时，钻工或井架工，在司钻的监督下，对钻机发动机进行其所需的保养。Part2 translate the following into English7. 要确定是否可能存在碳氢化合物的通常是作业公司地质工作者的工作。To determine whether or not hydrocarbons may exist is usually the job of the companys staff of geologists. 8. 油藏岩的另一特征就是它必须具有渗透性。Another characteristic of a reservoir rock is that it must be permeable.9. 首先，好的油藏岩含有孔隙。For one thing, good reservoir rocks have porosity.10. 这个洞也用管子衬上，叫大鼠洞。This hole is also lined with pipe and is called the rathole.11. 现在该钻井承包商搬进钻机和设备了。It is now time for the contractor to move in the drilling rig and equipment.12. 因此，钻机船甲板完全在水面上面。Thus, the drilling deck is well above the waters surface.13. 不过两者都提供了能在上面进行钻井作业的稳定的平台。Nevertheless, both provide a very stable platform from which drilling operation can be conducted.14. 实际上，半潜式钻机漂浮着，但不是在水面上。In reality, a semi-submersible floats but not on the waters surface.15. 同时，其他的安装作业在继续。Meantime, other rigging-up operations continue.16. 装起护栏。Guardrails are erected.17. 通常使用标准井架，所以得一块块地装起。Usually, a standard derrick is used, so it will be assembled piece by piece.18. 生活区、储藏区和其他设备由搬装起重机提起。Living quarters, storage spaces, and other equipment are lifted by barge-mounted cranes.19. 钻机需要不只一台发动机来提供所需动力。Rigs require more than one engine to furnish the needed power.20. 今天大多数钻机发动机是柴油机，尽管还有一些把天然气或液化气作为燃料的来燃烧的发动机。Most rig engines today are diesels, although some are still around that burn natural r liquefied gas as a fuel.21. 一台钻机，根据其大小和所须钻的井深可能有两到四个发动机。A rig, depending on its size and how deep a hole it must drive may have two to four engines.22. 自然是钻机越大，能钻的井越深，所需的动力就越多。Naturally, the bigger the rig, the deeper it can drill and the more power it will need.23. 通常用大皮带来驱动泥浆泵。Large belts are usually used to drive the mud pumps.24. 绞车是又大又重的一件机械设备。The draw-works is a big, heavy piece of machinery.25. 猫头看起来一点也不像猫的头。A cathead looks nothing like a cats head.26. 摩擦猫头是一个相当小的卷轴形状的装置。 A friction cathead is a relatively small, spool-shaped device.27. 大绳是由直径通常为28到30毫米的金属绳组成的。 A drilling line is made of wire rope that generally ranges from 28 to 38 millimeters in diameter.28井场上还停放着另一大组滑轮叫游动滑车。 On the rig floor rests (only temporarily for now) another very large set of pulleys or sheaves called the traveling block.29大绳所缠绕的圈数取决于所需承受的重量有多大。 The number of lines strung depends on how much weight needs to be supported.30这部分绳子叫死绳-死是因为一旦它固定了，就不动了。This part of the line is called the deadline-dead because, once it is secured, it does not move.31水龙带安在水龙头的边上。The rotary hose (also called the Kelly hose) is attached to the side of the swivel.32紧挨着水龙头以下的是一个方的或六边行的一段管子叫方钻杆。 Immediately below the swivel is attaches a square (four-sided) or hexagonal (six-sided) piece of pipe called the Kelly.33因此，当大补心钻动时，方补心也旋转。 Thus as the master bushing rotates, the Kelly bushing also rotates.34当起下钻时，方钻杆也必须卸下。The Kelly must also be broken out when the pipe is “tripped” (taken) in or out of the hole.35钻铤和钻杆一样是钢管。 Drill collars, like drill pipe, are steel tubes.36一节钻杆的长度是九米长，每个长度叫单根！ A length of drill pipe is about 9 meters long and each length is called a joint of pipe.37这些划了丝扣的两端叫接箍。 These threaded ends are called tool joints.38和钻杆一样，钻铤也有公扣和母扣。 Like drill pipe, drill collars also have a box and pin.39钻石钻头没有牙轮，也没有牙齿。Diamond bits do not have cones; nor do they have teeth.40钻井液-泥浆-通常是水、粘土、加重材料和几种化学药品的混合物。Drilling fluid-mud- is usually a mixture of water, clay, weighting material, and a few chemicals.41环空是钻柱外面和井壁之间的空间。The annulus is the space between the outside of the drill string and wall of the hole.42循环系统基本上是个封闭的系统。The circulating system is essentially a closed system.43泥浆系统中的另一辅件是叫除气器的一种装置。Another auxiliary in the mud system is a device called a degasser.44人类生命受到威胁，污染要发生。 Human lives are threatened; pollution may occur.Passages: Translate the following passages into Chinese:1 Operating companies are the financiers of the industry and are the principal users of the services provided by drilling contractors and service companies. An operating company, often called simply an operator, is a person or company who actually has the right to drill and produce petroleum that may exist at a particular site. The operator acquires the right persons who own the land under which petroleum may exist.作业公司（业主）是工业财团和钻井承包商及服务公司的用户。一个作业公司，通常简称为作业者。她是一个人或者是一个公司她有实际权力在有油的特殊地方钻井和采油。作业者对地下含油的土地有拥有权。2 Operating companies, both large and small, have found it more expedient to utilize the men, equipment, and skills and experience of drilling contractors to perform the actual drilling of a well. In fact, about 98 percent of all drilling in the United States and Canada is done by drilling contractors，like and operating company, a drilling company may be small or quite large. Regardless of size, the main job of the contractor is to drill a hole to the depth and specifications set by the operating company.作业公司，无论大和小，都发现：利用钻井承包商的人员、设备、技能和经验去执行钻井任务更有利。事实上，在美国和加拿大，大约98%的钻井任务是由钻井承包上完成的。钻井承包商也许较小或十分大，无论其大小，承包商的主要工作就是依据作业公司的技术要求进行钻井。3 A hole full of mud that weighs the right amount, or has the proper density, will not blow out. But sometimes the unexpected occurs. Since a rig crew is only human, an error can be made and formation fluids such as gas, salt water, oil, or all three enter the hole. Anytime formation fluid gets into the hole, the crew has a kick on its hands. When a kick occurs, it makes its presence known by certain things that happen in the circulating system. For example, the level of mud in the pits may rise above the normal level, or mud may flow out of the well even with the pump stopped, or shut down. An alert crew can spot these anomalies (even though the anomalies are sometimes subtle细微的) and take action to prevent a blowout. It is here that the second line of defense against blowouts is brought into playthe blowout preventers (BOPS).当井内充满适量重量的泥浆或适当的泥浆密度时，不会井喷。但是，有时也会意想不到的发生井喷。因为钻井队是由人员组成的，就会犯一些人为的错误，这样，地层液体像气体、盐水、油或三者一起进入井眼。任何时间，当地层流体进入井眼后，井队会造成井涌。当井涌发生后，在循环系统中会发生一些现象，例如，泥浆池内的液面会比正常情况下高，或者停泵及停工后，仍有泥浆从井内流出。这些异常现象能够给井队一个警示（即使这些异常现象有时是细微的）以便采取行动以防止井喷的发生。防喷器是防止井喷的第二道防线。4 Of course, closing in the well with one or more of the blowout preventers is only the first step that must be taken. In order to resume drilling, the kick must be circulated out and mud of