2012普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语全国卷2.doc

2012年普通高等学校夏季招生全国统一考试英语(全国卷)二、完形填空 ( 本大题 共 1 题, 共计 30 分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Around twenty years ago I was living in York. （1） I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree，I could not find （2） work. I was（3） a school bus to make ends meet and （4）with a friend of mine，for I had lost my flat. I had （5） five interviews（面试） with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not （6） the job. “Why has my life become so （7）？” I thought painfully. As I pulled the bus over to （8） a little girl，she handed me an earring （9） I should keep it （10） somebody claimed（认领） it. The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY” At first I got angry. Then it （11） meI had been giving all of my （12） to what was going wrong with my （13） rather than what was right！I decided then and there to make a （14） of fifty things I was happy with. Later，I decided to （15） more things to the list. That night there was a phone call for （16） from a lady who was a director at a large （17）.She asked me if I would （18） a one-day lecture on stress（压力） management to 200 medical workers. I said yes. My （19）there went very well，and before long I got a well-paid job. To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of （20）that I completely changed my life.（1）AAs BThough CIf DWhen（2）Asuccessful Bextra Csatisfying Dconvenient（3）Adriving Brepairing Ctaking Ddesigning（4）Aworking Btravelling Cdiscussing Dliving（5）Aprepared for Battended Casked for Dheld（6）Alose Blike Cfind Dget（7）Ahard Bbusy Cserious Dshort（8）Awave at Bdrop off Ccall on Dlook for（9）Aordering Bpromising Csaying Dshowing（10）Ain case Bor else Cas if Dnow that（11）Ahurt Bhit Ccaught Dmoved（12）Afeelings Battention Cstrength Dinterests（13）Aopinions Beducation Cexperiences Dlife（14）Alist Bbook Ccheck Dcopy（15）Aconnect Bturn Ckeep Dadd（16）Aher Ba passenger Cme Dmy friend（17）Ahospital Bfactory Crestaurant Dhotel（18）Alisten to Breview Cgive Dtalk about（19）Aplan Bchoice Cday Dtour（20）Aoperation Bspeaking Cemployment Dthinking三、阅读理解 ( 本大题 共 5 题, 共计 40 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 ACold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter（住所） as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe. Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pets water. Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink. Animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.（1）What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?AThey are often forgotten by their owners.BThey are used to living outdoors.CThey build their own shelters.DThey like to stay in warm places.（2）Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?ATo know when to bring them inside.BTo keep them from eating bad food.CTo help them find shelters.DTo keep them company.（3）If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather，they may _.Arun short of clean waterBdig deep holes for funCdirty the snow nearbyDget lost in the wild（4）What is the purpose of this text?ATo solve a problem.BTo give practical advice.CTo tell an interesting story. DTo present a research result.B You may think that sailing is a difficult sport，but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind. First，you must ask yourself，“Where is the wind coming from？Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？”You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail. Lets start with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90 angle（角度） to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best. If the wind is blowing from the side，it is blowing across the boat. In this case，you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45 angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind，but it shouldnt flap（摆动）It shouldnt look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping，it is probably out too far，and the boat will slow down. Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try，the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible，but you cant go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking，you must always keep the sail inside the boat.（1）What should you consider first while sailing?ASailors strength. BWave levels.CWind directions. DSize of sails.（2）What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe boat. BThe wind. CThe sail. DThe angle.（3）What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?AMove in a straight line. BAllow the sail to flap.CLower the sail. DTack the boat.（4）Where can you probably find the text?AIn a popular magazine.BIn a tourist guidebook.CIn a physics textbook. DIn an official report.C Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture（文化）the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion（困惑）across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places（although this is less common in big cities）.Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians dont smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile. Our faces show emotions（情感）, but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.（1）What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?ALove. BPoliteness. CJoy. DThankfulness.（2）The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can_.Ashow friendliness to strangersBbe used to hide true feelingsCbe used in the wrong placesDshow personal habits（3）What should we do before attempting to “read” people?ALearn about their relations with others.BUnderstand their cultural backgrounds.CFind out about their past experience.DFigure out what they will do next.（4）What would be the best title for the text?ACultural DifferencesBSmiles and RelationshipsCFacial ExpressivenessDHabits and EmotionsD ADDIS ABABA，EthiopiaOne of the worlds most famous fossils（化石）the 3.2 million year old Lucy skeleton（骨骼）unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States，officials said Tuesday. Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital，Addis Ababa，is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston，Texas，spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the US. tour，which will start in Houston next September. “Ethiopias rich culture of both the past and today，is one of the best kept secrets in the world，”said Joel Bartsch，director of the Houston museum. The six year tour will also go to Washington，New York，Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other US. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not yet been worked out. Traveling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils. Lucy，her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery，is part of the skeleton of what was once a 31/2foottall ape man（猿人）（1）The author writes this text mainly to_.Aintroduce a few U. S. museumsBdescribe some research workCdiscuss the value of an ape manDreport a coming event（2）What do the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AA painting of the skeleton.BA photograph of Lucy.CA copy of the skeleton.DA written record of Lucy.（3）How many cities has Lucys U. S. tour plan already included?AFour. BFive. CSix. DEleven.（4）What was the skeleton named after?AAn ape man. BA song.CA singer. DA camp.EMake Up Your Mind to Succeed Kindhearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyones a winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive（正面的）than ever before. As a result，Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD，calls them “the overpraised generation.” Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mindsets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Heres how they work： A fixed mindset is grounded in the belief that talent（才能） is geneticyoure a born artist，point guard，or numbers person. The fixed mindset believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult，its quick to blame，lie，and even stay away from future difficulties. On the other hand，a growth mindset believes that no talent is entirely heaven sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego（自尊）isnt on the line as much，the growth mindset sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty，its quick to rethink，change and try again. In fact，it enjoys this experience. We are all born with growth mindsets.（Otherwise，we wouldnt be able to live in the world.）But parents，teachers，and instructors often push us into fixed mindsets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dwecks book，Mindset：The New Psychology of Success，and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children，grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.（1）What does the author think about the present generation?AThey dont do well at school.BThey are often misunderstood.CThey are eager to win in sports.DThey are given too much praise.（2）A fixed mindset person is probably one who_.Adoesnt want to work hardBcares a lot about personal safetyCcannot share his ideas with othersDcan succeed with the help of teachers（3）What does the growth mindset believe?AAdmitting failure is shameful.BTalent comes with ones birth.CScores should be highly valued.DGetting over difficulties is enjoyable.（4）What should parents do for their children based on Dwecks study?AEncourage them to learn from failures.BPrevent them from making mistakes.CGuide them in doing little things.DHelp them grow with praise.四、阅读填空 ( 本大题 共 1 题, 共计 5 分)根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Daughter：Dad. You love me，dont you?Father：Of course，I do. （1）Daughter：Well，I saw this great offer for a free phone here in the newspaper，and.Father：（2）Daughter：Well，the phone is free.after the $ 50 I pay is returned to me.Father：Ah，so thats the catch. （3）Daughter：Dad. All my friends have one.Father：Ah，I dont know. （4）Daughter：But the monthly charge for this service is only $29.99，with 1,000 free weekday minutes nationwide，and unlimited weekend minutes.Father：I dont know.Daughter：Please Dad. With the new phone you wont have to worry about me while Im driving the new car.Father：（5）Daughter：The new car youll need to buy so I can use the phone.AAh.whats on your mind?BNew car？What new car?CFree？Nothings ever free.DWhat did you do to the new car?EAnd why on earth do you need a phone?FThey always charge a lot for the service.GBut what is the term of the service agreement？五、单词拼写 ( 本大题 共 10 题, 共计 10 分)1 Do you speak any _（外国） languages?2Rebecca was the _（骄傲） of her family.3Will you stop _（打断） me when Im talking?4David Beckhams _（国籍） is British.5The _（现代） history of Italy dates from 1860. 6Bobs _（侄子） is a freshman at Harvard University.7Alice wanted to borrow Jacks computer，but he _（拒绝）8Her _（书架） are filled with books and photos.9What are you girls _（耳语） about?10Dont _（咳嗽） more than you can help.六、短文改错 ( 本大题 共 1 题, 共计 15 分)此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：1原行没有错的不要改；2答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。Dear Editor，Im writing to tell you opinion about water saving. 1_Water is important. We，as well as animal，cannot live 2_without water and neither agriculture or industry can go 3_without it. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. 4_Many countries in the world find we dont have enough water. 5_To deal with a problem，I think，we should first go all 6_out to plant trees though trees will help save water. Next，no 7_drinking water should be left running. Third，we should find 8_ways to reuse the water using in washing，especially bath 9_water for which is quite a lot，and that will save much water. 10_Sincerely，Li Hua七、书面表达 ( 本大题 共 1 题, 共计 30 分)假定你是李华，你班同学决定为小明举办生日聚会。请你写信邀请外教Susan参加，要点包括： 1时间：周五晚8点至9点2地点：学生俱乐部3内容：生日歌、蛋糕、游戏等4要求：备小礼物注意：1词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。Hi，Susan， Were throwing a surprise party for Xiao Mings birthday._2012年普通高等学校夏季招生全国统一考试英语(全国卷)一、单项填空 ( 本大题 共 20 题, 共计 20 分)1 D2 B3 C4 A5 B6. D考查交际用语。Help yourself. 意为“请自便”；Its a deal.意为“就这么定了，成交”；No problem.意为“没问题，别客气，没关系”；Its up to you.意为“由你来做决定”。句意：那么我们今晚做什么呢？由你来做决定，你想做什么都行。故选D项。7. C考查冠词。第一个空格处特指跳高的金牌，因此要用the gold；第二个空格处表示“又一次机会”，不表示特指，应用a。故选C项。8. B考查定语从句。由空格前的“，”可知该定语从句不能用that来引导，排除A项；what不能引导定语从句，排除C项；从句中的about 缺少宾语，因此排除不能作宾语的when，而which可以在从句中作宾语且可以引导非限制性定语从句，故选B项。9. D考查代词。词组make it的含义是“抵达，做到，赶上，及时达到”，句意：今天上午萨拉到达机场后刚好赶上飞机。故选D项。10. A考查非谓语动词。由空格前的“，”可排除B项，因为动词不定式作目的状语时其前不加“，”；如果选择C项（hoped）则应在空前加and；希望的动作并不是发生在“托尼借给我钱”之前，故排除表示完成的having hoped；由于Tony与hope之间存在主动关系，故选择现在分词hoping作状语。11. A考查状语从句。hardly常与when连用，表示“一就”；hardly.when.no sooner.than.，主句常用过去完成时，从句则用一般过去时。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话要我马上回家。故选A项。12. C考查动词短语。set about后接doing sth.，意为“着手做某事”；set up意为“建立”，不与to do连用；set out后接to do sth.，表示“着手做某事”；set down意为“写下，登记，放下”。句意：我们着手粉刷整个房子，但那天我们只粉刷了房子前面的部分。故选C项。13. B考查形容词。句意：除了生物，我最喜欢物理。注意本题易误选A项，其实此处并没有把生物和物理作比较。14.