高中英语记叙文阅读专项训练.doc

。记叙文阅读“八字诀”：综观 理脉 检索 整合一、综观握要。首先着眼于文章的整体，注意理清内部的相互关系，从宏观上居高临下地驾驭文章，领会文章的主旨内涵。其次还要看文章的作者、写作时间和文后的注释等，特别要浏览一下后面问了哪些问题，从题目的选项中揣测文章的主旨，明确作者的主要写作意图。二、理脉分层。磨刀不误砍柴功。把握了全篇的主旨，理清了文章的脉络，再解答后面的问题，就如顺风行船，事半功倍。可是有些考生不在这方面下功夫，走马观花地看一遍文章，似懂非懂，就急于解答后面的问题，结果是欲速则不达，不仅费时费力，还容易答错。三、检索筛选。先看题目涉及到文中哪些段落或区域，确定对应的语句，题目一般是从选文里有可能被考生忽略且又不一定真懂的地方抽出来编成各种形式的问题，用来考查学生的理解能力。答案要从选文里找，准确抓住关键语句。只要认真揣摩上下文意，大多数题目的答案在原文中是能够“抠”出来的。四、整合审查。应注意几点答题要求：1、看是否要用自己的话；2、看要求是否有字数限制(没有要求在简练的基础上多多益善)；3、注意表述的范围、角度和方式，用规范的语言表达。 要求能力1、 理解语篇主旨大意2、 理解文章具体信息3、 根据上下文推断生词的词义4、 作出简单判断和推理5、 理解文章的基本结构6、 理解作者的观点、意图和态度 题型动态1、 主旨大意题2、 细节理解题3、 词义判断题4、 推断题5、 观点态度题 主旨大意题文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结.虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种：Whats the main idea/subject/topic of the passage?The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about_.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?The best title for the passage is/ might be_.The authors main purpose of writing this passage is_. 做题要领：文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的关键。但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。【 练一练 】 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry. However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is just right for you. It costs $359. This sales tactic is called bait and switch. Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale. Which sentence best expresses the main idea? A) The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale.B) Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly. C) Many stores use the bait and switch technique to attract customers.D) Anyone planning to buy a television set should look for a sale.【 练一练 】 After completing his college studies, Larry Bird began playing professional basketball for the Huston Celtics. He remained with the Celtics for all his professional career. During those 13 years, Larry Bird was named the Most Valuable Player of the year three times. He scored more than 21,000 points, and he played in 13 of the highest scoring games in his teams history. Once he scored 60 points in just one game. The main idea of the second paragraph is that Larry Bird_. A. was the named the Most Valuable Player of the Year B. was strong and tall C. was good at shooting baskets D. was the oldest player of the team细节理解题这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出： Which of the following statements is (not) true according to the passage? Which of the following is (not) discussed/Mentioned in the passage? According to the passage , what/where/Which/who/why/when/how? All of the following are (not) true / mentioned / discussed except_. How does the author/writer feel about_?【 练一练 】(07年高考北京卷）Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar(美洲狮) saw Jeb and his son, Tom, before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar.It worked.The cougar hesitated, ready to attackk Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too. Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar? A. To get ready to fight. B. To frighten it away. C. To protect the boy. D. To cool down.【 练一练 】（07高考天津卷) The city of Rome has passed a new law to prevent cruelty to animals. All goldfish bowls are no longer allowed and dog owners must walk their dogs. This comes after a national law was passed to give prison sentences to people who desert cats or dogs. “The civilization of a city can be measured by this.” said Monica carina, the councilor(议员）behind the new law. People in Rome believe that the civilization of a city can be judged by its_. A. exchanges with other cities B. protection for ancient ruins C.awareness of animal protection D. recognition of animal lover 词义语义判断题这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种：According to the author, the underlined word” means_.From the passage, we can infer that the word”is_. “” can be best replaced by_.What does the author probably mean by”?By”, the author means that_ 做题要领做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思根据周围熟悉的词及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。【 练一练 】(07年高考全国卷）Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska. the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education. The wordshooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean_. A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching C.satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching【 练一练 】 Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(值得的). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate”? A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick 推断题以原文内容为前提,透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。根据作者的观点理论客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。 推断题的常见形式： It can be inferred / concluded from the text that_. From the text we know that _. The passage implies that _. The paragraph following the passage will most probably discusses_. 解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。 【 练一练 】One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well,”replied the man,“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.” The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insect【 练一练 】(07高考全国卷）Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tylers memoir? A.Top manager B. Language learners C.Serious educator D. Science organizations观点态度题回答这类问题应从篇章的体裁入手.一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;在议论文中,作者的态度才会显得多种多样. 可以根据阐述主题或有关主题的相关语句或词语确定作者的态度。 常见的态度词语有:positive support approval(赞同的） optimistic critical negative tolerant disappointedpessimistic(悲观的) indifferent(冷淡的) doubtfulNeutral(中立的） objective(客观的）这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种:Whats the authors/writers attitude to? The author thinks/suggests/believes that_. How does the author feel about?Which of the following will the author agree / disagree with?Which of the following can best describe the authors attitude towards?【 练一练 】 Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿), and death. Frankly, I am sick of all this bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to_. A.complain B. apologize C. amuse D.doubt 【 练一练 】A month after Hurricace Katrina, I returned home in New Orleans. There lay my house, reduced to waist-high rains, smelly and dirty.Before the trip, Id had my car fixed. When the office employee of the garage was writing up the bill, she noticed my Louisiana license plate. “You from New Orleans?” she asked. I said I was,“No charge.” She said, and firmly shock her head when I reached for my wallet. The next day I went for a haircut, and the same thing happened.As my wife was studying in Florida, we decided to move there and tried to find a rental housethat we could afford while also paying off a mortgage（抵押贷款）on our ruined house.We looked at many places, but none was satisfactory. Wed began to accept that wed have to live in extremely reduced circumstances for a while, when I got a very curious e-mail from a James Kemmedy in California. Hed read some pieces Id written about our sufferings for state, the online magazine and wanted to give us (“no conditions attached”) a new house across the lake from New Orleans.It sounded a good to her return, but I replied, thinking him for his exceptional generosity, then weto go back. Then the University of Florida offered to let him house to me. While he want to England on his one year, paid leave. The rent was rather reasonable. I mentioned the poets offer to James Kemdedy, and the next day he sent a check covering our entire rent for eight months.Throughout this painful experience , the kindness of strangers back my faith in humanity .Its almost worth losing you wordy possessions to be reminded that people really when given had a channel.56The garage employees attitude toward the author was that ofAunconcernBsympathyCdoubtDtolerance57What do we know about James Kemnedy?AHe was a written of an online magazine.BHe was a poet at the University of FloridaCHe offered the author a new house free of charge.DHe learned about the authors sufferings.58It can be inferred from the text thatAthe authors family was in financial difficultyBrents were comparatively reasonable despite the disasterChouses were difficult to find in the hurricane-stricken areaDthe mortgage on the ruined house was paid off by the bank59The author learned from his experience thatAworldly possessions can be given up when necessaryBgenerosity should be encouraged in some casesCpeople benefit from their sad storieDhuman beings are kind after all.【 练一练 】The famous director of a big and expensive movie planned to film a beautiful sunset over the ocean, so that the audiences could see his hero and heroine in front of it at the end of the film as they said goodbye to each other forever. He sent his camera crew out one evening to film the sunset for him.The next morning he said to the men, Have you provided me with that sunset?No, sir, the men answered.The director was angry. Why not? he asked.Well, sir, one of the men answered, were on the east coast here, and the sun sets in the west. We can get you a sunrise over the sea, if necessary, but not a sunset.But I want a sunset! the director shouted. Go to the airport, take the next flight to the west coast, and get one.But then a young secretary had an idea. Why dont you photograph a sunrise, she suggested, and then play it backwards? Then itll look like a sunset.Thats a very good idea! the director said. Then he turned to the camera crew and said, Tomorrow morning I want you to get me a beautiful sunrise over the sea.The camera crew went out early the next morning and filmed a bright sunrise over the beach in the middle of a beautiful bay. Then at nine oclock they took it to the director. Here it is, sir, they said, and gave it to him. He was very pleased.They all went into the studio. All right, the director explained, now our hero and heroine are going to say goodbye. Run the film backwards so that we can see the sunset behind them.The sunset began, but after a quarter of a minute, the director suddenly put his face in his hands and shouted to the camera crew to stop.The birds in the film were flying backwards, and the waves on the sea were going away from the beach.1. One evening, the director sent his camera crew out _.A. to film a scene on the sea B. to find an actor and an actressC. to watch a beautiful sunset D. to meet the audience2. Why did the director want to send his crew to the west coast?A. Because he changed his mind about getting a sunset.B. Because he was angry with his crew.C. Because he wanted to get a scene of sunset.D. Because it was his secretarys suggestion.3. The director wanted to film a sunset over the ocean because _.A. it went well with the separation of the hero and heroineB. when they arrived at the beach it was already in the eveningC. it was more moving than a sunriseD. the ocean looked more beautiful at sunset4. After the sunset began, the director suddenly put his face in his hands _.A. because he was moved to tearsB. as he saw everything in the film moving backwardsC. as the sunrise did not look as beautiful as he had imaginedD. because he was disappointed with the performance of the hero and heroine5. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The crew had to follow the secretarys advice.B. If you want to see a sunrise, the east coat is the place to go.C. The camera crew wasnt able to film the scene the first day.D. The director ordered his crew to stop filming the sunset.【 练一练 】The most important holiday in spring, especially for Christians, is Easter. This Christian holiday is not on the same date every year，but its always on a Sunday. It can be any Sunday between March 22 and April 25. Many people celebrate Easter by buying new clothes. Children celebrate by hunting for colored eggs that their parents have hidden around the house. People also give Easter baskets filled with candy and other goodies to one another to celebrate the day.But the holiday is more than new clothes and good things to eat. On Easter, many people go to church to celebrate Jesus resurrection（复活）from the dead. Most people color Ester eggs. Some people hide them. Others just eat them. But no matter what one does with Easter eggs，they are an important Easter tradition throughout the Western world. People from many different cultures celebrate Easter. In both America and Belgium, children look for Easter eggs hidden on lawns and in bushes. In America, children believe the eggs are hidden by the Easter bunny (兔子).But in Belgium, the hidden eggs are supposed to have fallen from church