初中牛津英语九年级下词组、重点句型和语法.doc

初中牛津英语9年级下Unit1 词组be cared for by robots 被机器人照顾in the form of pills 以药片的形状pills- small round medicines小而圆的药imagine doing sth 想像做某事an imaginative writer一个充满想像力的作家on the planet Mars 在火星上more and more crowded 越来越拥挤The bus is crowded with people. 那辆公共汽车上挤满了人.pollute our environment 污染我们的环境air/water pollution空气/水污染Humans/Human beings need food, water and air to survive. 人类需要食物,水和空气生存.man n. 人类 (谓语动词用单数)Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars.科学家们将开发能够在火星上生长的植物.a developing country 发展中国家a developed country 发达国家development projects 发展项目float away into space 漂浮进入太空have a fashion show 举行时装表演compared with 与作比较comparewith比较与enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事enjoy oneself 玩得开心act normally 举止正常dried food 压缩食品dry the dishes 把盘子弄干warm and dry clothes 保暖干爽的衣服on the surface of 在的表面advantages / disadvantages of living on Mars 生活在火星上的优点/缺点start with a discussion 以讨论开始discuss/ talk about 讨论某事The public transport system is specially designed to be comfortable.公共交通系统被特别地设计是为了舒适.How do you like life on Mars?你觉得火星上的生活怎么样?play the guitar 弹吉它a pair of sunglasses 一副太阳镜dream about camping on the moon 梦想到月球上野营by the year 2100 到2100年first of all 首先travel at half the speed of light 以光速一半的速度行驶the early settlers 早期的移居者The gravity on Mars is only three-eights of that on Earth. 火星上的重力仅仅是地球上重力的八分之三.There will be various designs for settlers to choose from.将有各种各样的款式供移民们从中选择.a computer connected to an interplanetary network 与星际网络相连的电脑in some ways 在某些方面a force that keeps us from floating in the air 阻止我们漂到空中的力量The population on Earth is still increasing quickly. 地球上的人口仍然在快速增长.The population of China is large. 中国人口多.15. tie ourselves to the planet 把我们系到行星上many kinds of food with different taste许多种不同口味的食品be fixed to the walls 被固定在墙上in the solar system 在太阳系中 move away from Earth 搬离地球be quite different from the situation on Earth 与地球上的情况相当不同worry about living there 担心生活在那儿be afraid of seeing aliens 害怕看见外星人do harm to them 对他们有伤害get ill from living there由于生活在那儿生病complete a circle around the sun绕太阳公转一周air pollution caused by traffic由交通引起的空气污染keep them away with laser light用激光避开它们Things from Earth are hard to find. 来自地球的东西很难找到.go somewhere quiet 去安静的某处everything we need to do 我们需要做的一切事.help me make Sandy calm down 帮助我使Sandy 镇静下来take off 起飞too nervous to relax 太紧张而不能放松重点句型1.How do you like life on Mars?= What do you think of life on Mars?2.I thought you liked Mars. 3.Daniel is thinking about what life will be like in the future.4.It may be difficult to imagine.5.Our planet, Earth, is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.6.At present, our spacecraft are too slowly to carry large numbers of people to Marsit takes months.7.By 2100, the journey might take only a very short time in space shuttles (that travel at half the speed of light.)8.Humans need food, water and air to survive.9.However, it is not sure if these plants could produce water.10.The gravity on Mars is only about three-eighths of the gravity on Earth.11.There will be many different designs for settlers to choose from.12.Every student will have a computer at home (connecting to an inter-planet computer network.)13.I am wondering if/whether there will be many people willing to move to Mars.14.We could get ill from living there.15.50% of the students would like to move out of Earth.16.It worries me.17. It would be great to have robots do all the work for us.18.It takes Mars about two years to revolve completely around the sun.19.The surface of Mars is more like the surface of Earth than any other planet in our solar system.20.A very popular form of entertainment is online games.21.Things from Earth are hard to find.= It is hard to find thing from Earth. 22.Shes too nervous to relax.23.Robots could be the first to live on Mars. 24.We will be cared for by robots.25.Food will be in the form of pills.Scientists are working hard to make this dream come true. 科学家们正在努力工作使这个梦想成为现实.20. I am wondering if/whether there will be many people willing to move to Mars.我想知道是否将会有许多人愿意搬到火星上.语法Using can , could , may and might to talk about permission. Can/Could I go to the zoo tomorrow, Mum? May/Might I use your computer, Mr. Wu? When asking for permission, can , could , may and might have different degrees of formality. Can-informal ; Could-formal ; May-formal and polite ; Might-very formalObject clauses introduced by that An object clause functions as the object in a sentence. It can be put after some verbs such as think , believe and know. It can also follow some adjectives such as certain and sure. Many people believe that we will llive on the planet Mars by the year 2100. Many people believe that robots will do most of our work.Object clauses introduced by if or whether We can use if or whether to introduce an object clause when it expresses a yes/no question. In that case, we often use the same word order as in a statement. Nobody is sure if/whether these plants could produce enough water. We are wondering if/whether we can grow plants on Mars.9下Unit2词组post office 邮局post a letter for me 为我寄封信Iron shirts with an iron 用熨斗慰烫衬衣Strike iron while it is hot. 趁热打铁.sweep the floor 扫地spaceman/postman/superman 宇航员/邮递员/超人everyday/ daily life 日常生活throw my shirts into the dustbin along with the rubbish. 把我的衬衣与垃圾一起扔进垃圾箱里.find his flat in a mess 发现他的公寓一团糟.make a mess 弄得乱七八糟in the mirror 在镜子中The coins were spread all over the floor.硬币被撒得满地都是.make clothes smooth with an iron用熨斗使衣服平整.The silk feels smooth.丝绸摸起来很光滑.The Robot stands on four small wheels. 机器人靠四个小轮子站立.two arms connected to its chest 与它的胸膛相连的两条胳膊nod nodded (过去式/过去分词)shake ones head 摇头bend its knees 弯曲它的膝盖I cant see clearly, either. 它也看不清了.There are lots of trees on either side of the street. 街道每一边有许多树.eitheror 要么要么;或者或者a free copy of Robot magazine a Robot magazine for free一本免费机器人杂志pay more attention to your orders多留意你们的订单.order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事.a complaint letter 一封投诉信complain about your robot to the robot shop 向机器人商店投诉你的机器人.make the bed 铺床, 整理床铺explore dangerous places 探测危险的地方do the laundry 洗衣服change his life a lot 大大地改变他的生活in order to have more spare time 为了有更多的空闲时间make a great difference to 对起重要作用;对有影响stay in bed for an extra hour在床上呆额外的一小时air the rooms 给房间通风go shopping at the supermarket 到超市购物return home from work 下班回到家look as good as new 看上去像新的一样catch a virus 感染病毒in the washing machine 在洗衣机里knock things over 把东西撞倒in the rice cooker 在饭煲里bring some bad changes to your life.给你的生活带来一些不好的变化sleep until noon睡到中午find out the causes of the problems找出问题产生的原因.take photos of everything it sees拍摄它看到的一切东西的照片have a speaker as its mouth有扬声器作为它的嘴巴absorb /take in energy from the sun 吸收来自太阳的能量repair the robot that went wrong 修理出毛病的那个机器人too much trouble 太多的麻烦There is no need to trouble him.没有必要打扰他.an international robot exhibition 一个国际性的机器人展览be free for children under 12 十二岁以下的孩子免费in clear language 用清晰的语言in order to arrive there on time 为了按时到达那儿on the first day of the exhibition 在展览的第一天be unhappy with its size 对它的大小不满意a medium-sized robot 一个中号的机器人expect a robot to last for at least twenty years 期待一个机器人至少持续使用二十年the amount of checking that this robot needs 这个机器人需检测的次数stop working completely 完全停止工作give the new robot a try 试用新的机器人look forward to hearing from you期盼收到你的来信clear up any mess in his bedroom彻底清扫他卧室任何杂乱的东西重点句型1、I need to complain to the robot shop.2、Mr Jiang is the first person in Sunshine Town to own a robot.3、In order to have more free time, I have to buy a robot.4、As a result, Mr Jiang no longer needed to get up early to do the housework and he could stay in bed for an extra hour.5、A few weeks later, things started to go wrong.6、The robot caught a virus and caused a lot of problems.7、Mr Jiang did not know what he should do with the robot.8、The robot was just too much trouble.9、What can you do if you decide that having a robot is too much trouble?10、My robot is made to look just like a real person.11、The robot also has three long arms (connected to its chest.)12、The hair can absorb energy from the sun and make my robot energetic.13、There are a lot of problems with this robot.14、It never gets anything wrong.15、We can get a copy of Robot magazine for free if we go on the first day of the exhibition.16、I need to do everything myself.17、I am also not happy about/with the number of checking this robot needs.18、A good robot should only needs checking every 6 months.19、We look forward to hearing from you soon.20、Clear up an mess in my bedroom.语法A. Object clause introduced by wh- words We can use a wh- words to introduce an object clause when it expresses a wh- question. The word order in the object clause should be the same as that in a statement. The robot no longer knew when it should cook breakfast. Mr. Jiang did not know what he should do with the robot.特殊疑问句作宾语从句时一定要注意用陈述句语序。时态根据主句而定。（但如果是真理或客观事实则用一般现在时，不需要改变。特别注意有些特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序（因特殊疑问词作主语），如 Who is on duty? Whats wrong with you? Whats the matter with you? What happened to you? 等等。B. In order to and as a result In order to means with the purpose of. We can use in order to to introduce the purpose of an action. 表示目的，引导不定式；或者表示结果。 In order to have more spare time, I need to buy a robot. I need to buy a robot in order to have more spare time.We use as a result to introduce the result of something. 用逗号隔开，接完整句子。 The robot did all the housework. As a result, Mr. Jiang no longer need to get up early.C. Using need to We can use need to to talk about something that we have to do. Need做实义动词时，后接不定式。 Mr Jiang no longer needed to do housework because he had a robot. Mr Jiang needs to return his robot to the shop because it is not working,9下Unit3词组8continue to the end 坚持到最后take a rest 休息一下wake me up 叫醒我on ones way back在某人回去的路上Chinese paper cut 中国剪纸dragon dance 舞龙get lost easily 容易迷路the capital of 的首都be attracted by 被吸引the beautiful design of the buildings 建筑群的精美设计a gate of heavenly peace 天界平安之门be filled with tourists 挤满游客watch the raising of the national flag 观看升国旗（仪式）a famous Chinese-stlye garden 一个著名的中国式园林spend the summer 避暑consist of /be made up of 由组成a man-made lake 一个人工湖all over the area 遍及这个地区run more than 5,000 kilometres across northern China 横跨中国北方绵延5000多里one of the wonders of the world 世界几大奇迹之一exerience its beauty and greatness 体验它的美和伟大step by step 一步一步地in the south of China 在中国的南部lie on the two sides of Li River 座落在漓江两岸in different shapes 形态各异in strange shapes 奇形怪状see . with ones own eyes 亲眼所见take a boat trip along Li River 乘船沿漓江游览be open to the public 向公众开放at sunrise 在日出时刻get hot and sweaty 又热又流汗every five minutes 每五分钟in a hurry 匆忙地leave Japan for other Asian countries 离开日本去亚洲其他国家public transport services 公交设施wish sb. a nice trip 祝某人旅途愉快重点句型1.There are too many hills, and my feet are very tired. 2.Although theres still a long way to go, we must continue to the end.3.Wake me up on your way back. 4.Unless you have a map, you will get lost easily.5.The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live here.6.The word Tiananmen means a gate of heavenly peace.7.It is the biggest square in the world and is always filled with tourists.8.It is a famous Chinese-style garden built in a natural landscape.9.In the past, the emperors used to spend the summer here.10.It consists mainly of a hill and a man-made lake, with bridges, pagodas and halls all over the area.11.It is a long wall which runs more than 5,000 kilometres across northern China.12.It lies on the two sides of Li River.13.All around the city, mountains stand in different shapes you have probably seen some Chinese paintings of the landscape.14.You cannot imagine how amazing they are unless you see them with your own eyes.15.You can hire a bicycle from the bus station and ride around Guilin very safely.16.Its famous for its beautiful mountains and wonderful caves.17.Although there was a train every five minutes, it was still very crowded.18.Leave Japan for other Asian countries.19.The American exchange students are going to stay in Beijing for one more week and then they will fly to Japan.语法Using although-although引导的让步状语从句although相当于though, 两词都是连词，引导让步状语从句。如：-Although/Though shes young, she knows a lot.=Shes young, but she knows a lot.尽管她年龄小，她却懂得很多。-Although/Though he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard.=Hes in poor health, but he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但他还是努力工作。-当加强语气时，我们通常说even though，而不说even although。如：Although/ Though/ Even though she didnt understand a word of what he said, she kept smiling. 尽管他的话她听不懂一个字，她还是一直微笑着。-though可以用于句末，although则不可以。如：She knew all her friends would be there, she didnt want to go, though.她知道她的所有朋友都会出席，但是她自己不想去。注意：让步状语从句通常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。Using unless - unless引导的条件状语从句由于unless具有否定意义，因此它引导的是个否定的条件（如果不）。可以把它看作是ifnot的同义表达手段。如：-Unless he comes = If he doesnt come 如果他不来-Unless you work hard, you will fail. = If you dont work hard, you will fail.如果你不努力工作，你会失败的。注意：unless从句，如同if从句一样，也要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：-Unless it rains, well go hiking.如果不下雨，我们将去远足。-Unless he comes, Ill go instead of him.如果他不来，我将代替他去。C. Using so that - so that引导的目的状语从句a.so that引导目的状语从句，从句中通常带有can, could, may, might, should等情态动词，以适用于目的。如：-They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper.他们拼命地干，想在晚饭前就把工作干完。-He walked by the side of the road so that he would not be hit by cars.他在马路边行走，以免被车碰了。注意：（1）so that从句如为否定结构，则谓语动词中多用情态动词。b.so that引导的目的状语从句，可转换成in order that引导的目的状语从句。若从句主语与主句主语一致，还可用in order to (do) 或so as (to do) 改成同义简单句。如：They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper.= They worked very hard in order that they could finish the work before supper.= They worked very hard in order to finish the work before supper.= They worked very hard so as to finish the work before supper.c.so that引导的状语从句也可表示结果，这时so that从句中根据句意可用或不用情态动词。 如：-They worked very hard so that they finished the work before supper.他们拼命地干，结果他们在晚饭前就把工作干完了。-He got up very late this morning so that he was late for school. 今天早晨他起得很晚，结果他上学迟到了。9下Unit4 词组be famous for = be well-known for因 而出名the first man to walk on the moon第一人在月球上行走的人the first woman to win the Nobel Prize第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女人care for the poor关心穷人the king of rock and roll摇滚乐之王become interested in 对 . 产生兴趣 ( 短暂性动词短语 )ever since自从take one s first flight第一次坐飞机at the age of six 在六岁时take flying lessons 上飞行课；接受飞行训练student pilot s licence 学生飞行员执照in one s spare time=in one s free time 在某人的空余时间里wind tunnels风洞for the first time 第一次hear of = hear about听说hear + 宾从听说for further research 为了作进一步的研究It is said that . 据说armed force 武装力量be involved in 被卷入 on the other side 在另一边out of control 失去控制under the control of 在 . 的控制下the theory of relativity 相对论the Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 during one s lifetime 在某人的一生中turning point 转折点give up (doing sth.) 放弃（做某事）give up everything for others 为别人放弃一切a small amount of . 小量的（修不可数名词）a large/big amount of . 大量的（修不可数名词）devote . to (doing) . 把 奉献给 .( 做 .)a test pilot 试飞员cut the flight short 缩短飞行famous words 名言warn sb. to stay away 警告某人不要靠近in the 1940s 在 20 世纪 40 年代in one s forties 在某人 40 多岁时the twentieth century 第 20 世纪make a contribution to (doing) 为 做贡献in the city of Warsaw 在华沙市be unknown to sb. 不为某人所知select sb to do sth. 选中某人做某事sb. be selected to do sth. 某人被选中去做某事a religious fighting 一起宗教斗争change one s life 改变某人的生活leave for India 离开（某地）去印度in a family of three children 在一个有三个小孩的家庭之中A marry B. / A get married to B. / A and B get married.A 与 B 结婚重点句型Who do you think is the greatest peson that has ever l