2019届高考英语一轮基础自练题Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars（含解析）新人教版必修.docx

Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars李仕才*阅读理解。There is a popular saying in the English language：“Sticks and stones may break my bones， but words will never hurt me.” Well， that is not true.Unkind words， namecalling or even the socalled “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being physically hit， sometimes even more so.A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal（言语的） abuse by other children can harm development in the brain.The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts.Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults， aged 18 to 25.These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents.The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children.Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects.The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain.The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers called the corpus callosum.This was the area that was underdeveloped.The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing.So， unkind， hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect.The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study.The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear， depression， anger and drug abuse than others in the study.The researchers published their findings online on the American Journal of Psychiatrys website.Parents cannot control what other people say to their children， but they can prepare their children.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的研究人员发现， 语言暴力会干扰大脑神经的连接， 对孩子的大脑发育造成不良影响。1.Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning？A.To show the power of words.B.To introduce an opposite view.C.To prove the authors argument.D.To show ancient peoples wisdom.B解析：写作意图题。根据此谚语后面的“Well， that is not true. hurt children as much as being physically hit， sometimes even more so.” 可知， 本文引用这个谚语是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点， 故选B。2.What did the subjects have in common？A.They were hurt by unkind words.B.They performed poorly in imaging tests.C.They had their brain slightly damaged.D.They experienced no physical abuse at home.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents.”可知， 这些实验对象都没有遭受过父母的残酷或暴力对待， 也就是说， 他们在家里都没受到过身体上的虐待， 故选D。3.What will be discussed in the next paragraph？A.Comments on the findings.B.Approaches to further studies.C.Suggestions to parents.D.Different opinions on the matter.C解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知， 作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可能遭受的语言暴力做好准备， 使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议。故选C。4.What is the main idea of the passage？A.The way we speak matters.B.Verbal violence should be stopped.C.Unkind words hurt the brain.D.Words are worse than sticks and stones.C解析：主旨大意题。文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响， 再根据文中第二段的“verbal（言语的） abuse by other children can harm development in the brain”可以看出， 其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面。故选C。*语法填空。Last December my mother and I _1_(fly) to London. The first thing we did was to go on a bus sightseeing tour.This is the best way to see all the sights and learn all about the history of the city. By the time the tour was over it was dark. The Christmas lights were very colorful. And _2_really impressed me was so many people made _3_(they) way home through the heavy traffic on bicycles. I was looking forward to spending the next day in Oxford Street with all its _4_(amaze) shops.And what _5_wonderful experience that was! We bought a ticket for the underground and could go everywhere very quickly.Wespentallmorningshoppingandadmiringthe Christmas displays inside the shops and out in the streets. Then we went to a wax museum _6_(call) Madame Tussauds (杜莎夫人蜡像馆), which had a lot of wax _7_(figure) of famous people.My mother took a picture of me standing _8_Prince Charles and Prince Harry. From there we took the tube to Buckingham Palace, the home of the two princes, to watch the Changing of the Guard but _9_(fortunate) we couldnt really see well as there were thousands of tourists waiting _10_(take)photos of the ceremony.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和妈妈去年12月坐飞机前往英国伦敦旅游的经历。1flew考查动词的时态。由时间状语“Last December”可知，应用一般过去时，故填flew。2what考查主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，所填词意为“的事物”，故填what。3their考查代词。make ones way意思是“前往”，且主语为people，故填their。4amazing考查词性转换。amaze意思是“使惊奇”，它的形容词amazing意思是“令人惊奇的”，常用来修饰物。由shops可知应填amazing。5a考查冠词。此处是what引导的感叹句，句中experience作名词，意为“经历”，是可数名词，所以要用不定冠词修饰，故填a。6called考查非谓语动词。call与wax museum为动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。7figures考查名词的数。此处表示“那里有许多名人的蜡像”。由“a lot of”可知，此处要用可数名词的复数形式，故填figures。8between考查介词。between . and表示“在之间”。9unfortunately考查副词。根据空后的“we couldnt really see well”可知，应用提示词的否定形式，且要用副词来修饰整个句子。故填unfortunately。10to take考查非谓语动词。wait to do sth. “等待做某事”，为固定用法。*完形填空。When I was young, like you, I had a dream.But my dream wasnt like that of an 1 kid.It was to be the best tennis player 2 simply the best “female” one in the world. 3 ， I had a family encouraging me to follow my dream.I learned how important it is to 4 a dream and to dream big.My fight began when I was three and I havent taken a 5 since.But too often, most women are not supported or are 6 from choosing their path.I hope it could be changed.For me, it was a 7 of resilience(坚忍)What others marked as 8 about memy race, my genderI accepted as fuel for my success.I never let anything or anyone 9 me.I controlled my future.When it comes to equal pay, it frustrates me 10 I know firsthand that gender differences exist.I would 11 want my daughter to be paid less than my son for the same work.Women have to 12 many barriers to success.One is that we are constantly 13 we are not men.People call me one of the “worlds greatest female athletes”Why dont they say LeBron is one of the worlds best male athletes? We should never let this go 14 We should be judged by our achievements but not 15 For everything I have achieved，I am 16 to have experienced the highs and lows that come 17 success.I hope my story will be a(n) 18 for women to fight for their dreams.We must 19 to dream big, and in doing so, we enable the next generation of women to be 20 in their pursuit.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者以自己的事为例呼吁全体女性勇敢追求成功，为争取性别平等而不懈努力。1A.ambitiousBexcellentCaverageDenergeticC解析：根据“It was to be the best tennis player”以及下文内容尤其是“People call me.Why dont they say LeBron is one of the worlds best male athletes？”可知，此处指作者说自己小时候的理想与普通孩子的是不同的，故选average“普通的，一般的”。ambitious“有野心的，有雄心的”；excellent“优秀的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。2A.instead ofBregardless ofCother thanDmore thanA解析：结合本文主旨以及下文中的“People call me one of the worlds greatest female athletesWhy dont they say LeBron is one of the worlds best male athletes？”可知，作者希望男女平等，所以作者在此强调的是自己的理想是做世界上最好的网球运动员，而不是最好的女网球运动员。instead of “而不是”；regardless of “不管，不顾”；other than “除了”；more than“多于，超出”。3A.HopefullyBFortunatelyCObviouslyDGenerallyB解析：幸运的是(Fortunately)，作者有鼓励她追寻自己梦想的家人。此处亦与下文中的“But too often, most women are not supported.”形成对比。hopefully “有希望地”；obviously “明显地”；generally “普遍地”。4A.make upBset upCcare forDpush forD解析：根据下文中的“My fight began when.” “fight for their dreams”可知，这里指作者知道了为梦想而努力是多么重要。push for “为而努力，力争”。make up “编造，构成”；set up “设立，建立”；care for“照顾”。5A.riskBleaveCbreakDchanceC解析：作者从三岁时就开始为理想奋斗，自此从未间断。break“暂停，中断”，符合语境。6A.defendedBexcusedCdiscouragedDdismissedC解析：但是通常，大多数女性不被支持，或者被阻止去选择自己的道路。discourage“阻止，阻挠”，符合语境。defend “保卫，保护”；excuse “同意免除”；dismiss “去除，摒除”。7A.thoughtBquestionCmomentDbonusB解析：作者希望这种境况可以改变，在作者看来，这是有关“坚忍”的问题(question)。thought “想法”；moment “时刻”；bonus “意外收获，奖金”。8A.disadvantages BconcernsCqualifications DpersonalitiesA解析：根据下文中的“my race, my gender” “I accepted as fuel for my success” 可知，此处指被别人列为作者的劣势(disadvantages)的东西，比如她的种族，她的性别，作者将它们视为追求成功的动力。concern “担忧”；qualification “资格”；personality “个性”。9A.ignore BattackCcomfort DlimitD解析：根据下文中的 “I controlled my future.”可知，作者从不让任何事或任何人来限制自己，而是自己主宰自己的未来。limit “限制”，符合语境。10A.although BbecauseCunless DifB解析：当谈起同工同酬问题时，作者感到懊恼，因为她自己亲身体验到性别差异的存在。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是因果关系，且前面是果，后面是因。故用because。11A.ever BevenCnever DjustC解析：根据语境可知，作者永远不希望看到干了同样的工作，女儿得到的报酬却比儿子的少。never “从不，绝不”。12A.break down Btake afterClay aside Dput awayA解析：为了获取成功，女性不得不打破许多障碍。break down “打破，消除”，符合语境。take after “追赶，跟踪”；lay aside “留存备用，把放在一边”；put away “猛吃，积蓄，把收起来”。13A.informed BremindedCassured DcriticizedB解析：其中一个障碍就是总有人提醒我们不是男性。remind “提醒，使想起”，符合语境。inform “通知，告知”；assure “使确信”；criticize “批判”。14A.unchallenged BunpunishedCuncompleted DuncontrolledA解析：根据语境可知，作者在此想表达的是女性不能对此置之不理，而要敢于质疑。unchallenged “不被怀疑的，完全接受的，没有异议的”，符合语境。unpunished “未受惩罚的”；uncompleted “未完成的”；uncontrolled “未受控制的，不加约束的”。15A.appearance BpositionCbackground DgenderD解析：对我们的评价应该依据我们的成就而不是我们的性别。gender “性别”，符合语境。appearance “外貌”；position “职位”；background “出身背景，学历”。16A.superior BgratefulCindifferent DpreferableB解析：作者从心底里感谢经历过的伴随成功而来的起起伏伏。grateful “感激的，表示感谢的”，符合语境。superior “更好的，占优势的”；indifferent “不感兴趣的，漠不关心的”；preferable “更可取的，更合适的”。17A.withBthroughCfrom DbeyondA解析：参见上题解析。with “和，随着”，符合语境。18A.intention BinspirationCsolutionDexpectationB解析：作者希望她的故事可以激励女性为她们的梦想而奋斗。inspiration “鼓舞人心的人(或事物)，使人产生动机的人(或事物)”，符合语境。intention “意图”；solution “解决方法”；expectation “期待”。19A.pause BagreeCpromise DcontinueD解析：女性必须继续心怀远大的理想，这样做的话，我们就给予下一代女性力量，给予她们追求成功的勇气。下文中的 “the next generation”是暗示。continue “继续”，符合语境。20A.expertBenthusiasticCbraveDlearnedC解析：参见上题解析。expert “内行的，经验丰富的”；enthusiastic “热情的”；brave “勇敢的”；learned “有学问的，博学的”。*短文改错It is five years now since I graduate from high school. Last Saturday, our class hel