（典型题）高考英语二轮复习 知识点总结 情态动词和虚拟语气.doc

【典型题】2014高考英语二轮复习名师知识点总结：情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别;情态动词否定式的用法辨析：“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。虚拟语气在高考命题中不是重点，但是难点。考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中虚拟语气的使用上，因此考生应熟练掌握含蓄条件句中主从句的时态要求以及一些典型句型中虚拟语气的具体形式。虚拟语气考点透析考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如：if it were not for the fact that she _ sing，i would invite her to the party.a.couldnt b.shouldnt c.cant d.might not解析 句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为c。2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+have done+其他成分。例如：if the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.but it _ all day.a.rained b.rains c.has rained d.is raining解析 句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为a。3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如：if i _ plan to do anything i want to，id like to go to tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.a.would b.could c.had to d.ought to解析 句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为b。考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如：thank you for all your hard work last week.i dont think we _ it without you.a.can manage b.could have managedc.could managed d.can have managed解析 由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件事。很显然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done，故应选b。考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如：its hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i _ in love，at the age of seven，with the melinda cox library in my hometown.a.wouldnt have fallen b.had not fallenc.should fall d.were to fall解析 句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的melinda cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为b。考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如：dont you think it necessary that he _ to miami but to new york?i agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to.a.will not be sent;that b.not be sent;thatc.should not be sent;what d.should not send;what解析 问句句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗?句子表示理应如此的意思。正确答案为b。情态动词考点透析考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如：1. the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out. a. had to b. would c. was able to d. could解析：考查情态动词的基本含义。had to：不得不; would：表示意愿或过去常常;could倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力;was able to 表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此，答案是c。分析：高考对情态动词基本含义的考查，仍然集中在常用的情态动词上。对常用情态动词的含义，要掌握的既准确又要全面，特别是shall, should, can, may 四个常用情态动词的含义较多，不易理解，复习时应当引起重视。二、情态动词表示推测的考查对情态动词表示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如：1. sorry, im late. i_have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again .a. might b. should c. can d. will解析：might have done : (过去)可能做过某事;shouldhave done :本应该做某事。根据本句提供的情境im late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。答案是：a。分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上，准确掌握它们使用的场合，是解决问题的关键。must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测;can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推测;may, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测;用于否定陈述句中，cant (不可能)的语气比may not(可能不)强。此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ，对现在推测用情态动词+ 动词原形。三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查情态动词+have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。1. there was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. you_come, but why didnt you?a. must have b. shouldc. need have d. ought to have解析：ought to have done 表示本来应该做某事而实际没做，should do 表示现在应该做某事，与题中 at yesterdays party 表示的时间不一致。所以选d。分析：高考对情态动词表示虚拟用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考，主要侧重should (not)have done 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事，在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚拟形式，如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查1.tom ,you didnt come to the party last night?i_, but i suddenly remembered i had homework to do .a. had to b. didnt c. was going to d. wouldnt解析：had to:不得不;didnt:没来;was going to：打算来;wouldnt:不愿来。句意：汤姆，昨晚你没来参加舞会吗?我本打算来，但我突然记起有作业要做。but是关键词，所以答案是：c。2.your phone number again? i_quite catch it .its 86184867.a. didnt b. couldnt c. dont d. cant解析：记住电话号码并非难事，未完全听清楚电话号码并非能力的事，此处只是说没有完全听清楚电话号码，所以，应选a。【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案1. “i still havent thanked aunt lucy for her present.” “its time you _.”a. do b. did c. had d. would2. if i hadnt been lucky enough to meet you. i really _ what i would have done.a. dont know b. hadnt knownc. wasnt knowing d. wouldnt know3. “ive told everyone about it.” “oh, id rather you _.”a. dont b. hadntc. couldnt d. wouldnt4. it has been raining for a day, but eventhough it hadnt rained, we _ there by tomorrow.a. cant get b. wont getc. hadnt got d. wouldnt get5. “do you know his address?” “no, i also wish i _ where he _.”a. knew, live b. knew, livesc. know, lives d. know, lived6. “isnt it about time you _ to do morning exercises?” “yes, it is. would you like to join us?”a. begin b. have begunc. began d. had begun7. it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i _ in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown.a. wouldnt have fallen b. had not fallenc. should fall d. were to fall8. he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.a. had scored b. scoredc. would score d. would have scored9. if only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.a. lies b. layc. had lain d. should lie10. without the air to hold some of the sunsheat, the earth at night _ for us to live.a. would be freezing cold b. will be freezing coldlyc. would be frozen cold d. can freeze coldly11. i forget where i read the article, or i _ it to you now. w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.ma. will show b. would show c. am going to show d. am showing12. “it looks as if he were drunk.” “so it does. _.”a. hed better give up drinkingb. he shouldnt have drunk so muchc. health is more important than drinkd. i wonder why he is always doing so13. “mary looks hot and dry” “so _ you if you had so high a fever.”a. do b. are c. will d. would14. “he will come tomorrow.” “but id rather he _ the day after tomorrow.”a. will come b. is comingc. came d. had come15. all the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once.a. should be; be operated onb. were; must be operated onc. was; should be operatedd. was; be operated on16. _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.a. was he given up b. had he given up w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.mc. did he give d. if he gave up17. “i still havent thanked aunt lucy for her present.” “its time you _.”a. do b. did c. had d. would18. “do you know his address?” “no, i also wish i _ where he _.”a. knew, live b. knew, lives w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.mc. know, lives d. know, lived19. it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i _ in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown. w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.ma. wouldnt have fallen b. had not fallenc. should fall d. were to fall20. without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _ for us to live.a. would be freezing cold b. will be freezing coldlyc. would be frozen cold d. can freeze coldly21._ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.a. would you be b. should you bec. could you be d. might you be22.you cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.a. might b. need c. should d. would23.excuse me. but i want to use your computer to type a report.you _have my computer if you dont take care of it .a. shant b. might not c. neednt d. shouldnt24. he _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.a. should b. must c. wouldnt d. cant25. i _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.a. shouldnt b. couldnt c. mustnt d. neednt26. there _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.a. mustnt b. shant c. shouldnt d. neednt27. i was on the highway when this car went past fol. lowed by a police car. they _ at least 150 kilometers an hour.a. should have been doing b. must have been doingc. could have done d. would have done28. ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. it _ harrys. he always wears green.a. has to be b. will be c. mustnt be d. could be29. catherine, i have cleaned the room for you. thanks. you _ it. i could manage it myself.a. neednt do b. neednt have donec. mustnt do d. shouldnt have done30. lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. she _. ive already borrowed one.a. cant b. mustnt c. neednt d. shouldnt【答案与解析】1.【解析】选b.its time you did 为 its time you thanked aunt lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，its time 后从句通常要用过去式。2.【解析】选a.虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 i dont know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 i dont know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指现在不知)我会做出什么蠢事来”。3.【解析】选b.id rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。4.【解析】选a.we cant get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。5.【解析】选b.第一空填 knew，因为 i wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 i wish 的内容。6.【解析】选c.its time / its high time / its about time 等后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式。7.【解析】选 b.此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 melinda cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。8.【解析】8. 选 d.这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选 d.9.【解析】选 c.if only意为“要是就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选 c.10.【解析】选 a.without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。【答案】c11.【解析】.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if i didnt forget where i read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话但事实上忘了)。【答案】b12.【解析】关键信息是it looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是d.【答案】 d.13.【解析】 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选d.【答案】d14.【解析】按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来， 用过去完成时表示过去。【答案】c15.【解析】insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气;若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选d最合适。【答案】d16.【解析】是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像d项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。【答案】b17.【解析】its time you did 为 its time you thanked aunt lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，its time 后从句通常要用过去式。【答案】b18.【解析】第一空填 knew，因为 i wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用